• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.47-58
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• 1995

This study was performed to test the validity and reliability of the Health Self-Determinism Index for Children(HSDI-C), an instrument designed to measure dimensions and strength of motivation in health behavior, to improve the applicability of the tool through application to the various samples. The convenient sample of 148 (boys=75, girls=72 third grade=42, fourth grade=22, fifth grade=32, sixth grade=52 : Caucasian=72, Asian=30, African=19) comprised the children at a chatholic elementary school in Chicago. The children completed English version of HSDI-C from December 5th, 1994 to January l0th, 1995. The findings were as follows : 1. Four factors of HSDI-C were isolated through the principal component analysis and oblique rotation, and explained 48% of the variance in total score. Low correlations among four factors were anticipated because each factor contributed uniquely, All items of the tool loaded above .30 on one of 4 factors. But items loaded on each factor in this study were very different from those in the previous studies. 2. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for internal consistency was .81 for the total items and .57∼ .81 for 4 subscales. 3. The differences of HSDI-c mean scores between boys and girls and that of among races were not statistically signifcant, but the mean score of girls and the Caucasian were relatively high. The total mean score of the scale was highest at the 3rd grade, decreased at the 4th or 5th grade, and reincreased at the 6th grade. The trend of mean score of four subscales was similar to that of total mean score. According to the results, suggested below : 1. The items loaded on each factor in this study were very different from those in the previous studies. To clear away the problem of the conceptual confusion, HSDI-C needs to be performed to various and large samples. 2. Unexpectedly, the HSDI-C mean score decreased at middle school age. A longitudinal study will be helpful to search for the change trend of the intrinsic motivation. 3. To improve the applicabilty of the HSDI-C, various reliability and validity test methods besides factor analysis or internal consistency are recommended.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.652-660
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• 2010

The aim of this study was to develop a KDPS (Korean dietary pattern score) to assess dietary patterns and diet quality of Koreans from a food culture perspective. The KDPS was applied to dietary data collected during the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey of 2007, and the validity and reliability of the KDPS were evaluated. The targets of the study included 2,278 Korean adults aged 20n89 years. The KDPS was developed using the sum of the scores of 13 components. Each component scored up to 10 points and there was a total of 130 points. The first seven components were for the KSMS (Korean-style meal score) and assessed the dietary balance based on the 3-Chup Bansang daily basic table setting. The components numbered 8 to 13 were for the FGS (food group score), which measured the degree of compliance with the six major food groups based on the Korean recommendation for one serving size of grains, meats, vegetables, fruits, milk, and oils. This KDPS was verified through content validity, concurrent-criterion validity, principal components analysis, and a reliability analysis. The results showed that content validity and construct validity were high. The KDPS developed in this study adhered to the Korean dietary pattern and a healthy diet intake. Furthermore, this study presented an integrated index by scoring the Korean style table setting in addition to evaluating meals from a nutrition perspective. This study can be extended to develop a score for assessing.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.133-137
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• 2009

The root of Astragalus membranaceus is a traditional folk medicine that has been used for many therapeutic purposes in Asia. It reportedly acts as an immunostimulant, tonic, hepatoprotective, diuretic, antidiabetic, analgesic, expectorant, sedative, and anticancer drug. In this study, metabolomic profiling was applied to the roots of A. membranaceus of different ages using NMR coupled with two multivariate statistical analysis methods: such as principal components analysis (PCA) and canonical discriminant analysis (CDA). This allowed various metabolites to be assigned in NMR spectra, including $\gamma$-aminobutyric acid (GABA), aspartic acid, succinic acid, glutamic acid, glutamine, N-acetyl aspartic acid, acetic acid, arginine, alanine, threonine, lactic acid, and valine. The score plot from PCA and also CDA allowed a clear separation between samples according to age.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.361-366
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• 2005

Recoverable oil 농도별 처리에 따른 MOS(metal oxide sensor) 전자코를 이용한 향기 패턴 분석 결과 오일 함량이 증가함에 따라 제 1 주성분 값의 분포가 $0.05{\sim}-0.1$ 부근으로 이동하는 경향을 나타내었으며, 주성분 분석의 discrimination index가 89로서 첨가 농도에 따른 향기 패턴이 명확히 구별되고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 저장기간에 따른 향미 변화는 거의 없었으며 약간 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 저장기간에 따른 recoverable oil 잔존량을 분석한 결과 $0.01\%$와 $0.03\%$의 경우 14일까지는 완만한 감소를 나타냈으며, 21일까지는 거의 변화가 없었으나 $0.05\%$의 경우 7일까지 급격히 감소되어지고 21일까지 완만한 감소를 나타내었다. 저장기간에 따른 총체적 관능검사 결과 $0.03\%$ 처리구의 경우 0일차부터 14일차까지 거의 변화가 없었으며, 14일차 이후 급격한 감소를 나타내었다. 오렌지 풍미에 대한 관능검사 결과에서도 $0.03\%$ 처리구의 경우 14일째까지 거의 변화가 없었으나 14일째 이후 급격한 감소를 나타내었다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.83-91
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• 2000

The aims of this study are to evaluate the quality of hospital food services and the evaluate the quality in selected hospitals trough the use of the questionnaires. A survey of 30 hospital food and nutrition service department was undertaken and detailed information was collected from each, including, surveys of 1, 016 patient. Statistical data analysis was completed using the SAS/win 6.11 package for descriptive analysis, t-test X$^2$-test ANOVA principal component analysis , and cluster analysis and cluster analysis. In the case of patient satisfaction with hospital food and food services, overall satisfaction scores of male and female were 3.54 and 3.45 showing higher levels than the average score(3.00) The aspect of the food and food service which received the lowest ratings by patients was 'meal rounding while dining'. After conduction of factor analysis of variables affecting the patients meal satisfaction 3 groups including the 'menu satisfaction factor', 'service satisfaction factor ' and 'nutrition management satisfaction factor ' were selected. 3 clusters were categorized by the 'service cluster' 'nutrition management cluster', 'men cluster', and 'menu nutrition service cluster' after conducting a cluster analysis with influencing variables affecting patients meal satisfaction. The overview results of patient satisfaction by cluster were : in the case of the service group, such factors as taste, portion size, dealing with complaints while dining meal rounding while dining should be managed with caution In case of the nutrition management group, such factors as taste, portion size, temperature of the food intake, and dependence on hospital food should be managed with care, In the case of the menu groups, such factors as punctuality of meal times, contaminated substances in meals and serving mistakes, cleanliness of dishes, kindness of the server meal rounding while dining should by particularly managed with importance.

• 한국간호교육학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.279-289
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the learning experience, self-directed learning ability and self-efficacy of Japanese nursing students undergoing portfolio-based clinical practicums. Methods: The self-directed learning ability and self-efficacy of nursing students were examined using two scales. And using a text-mining approach, we constructed correspondence analysis followed by cluster analysis of open-ended responses forms. Results: The mean score of the self-directed learning ability was $60.89{\pm}5.28$ and the generalized self-efficacy was $68.37{\pm}11.56$. Moreover, the scores in the self-directed learning ability were positively correlated with scores in the generalized self-efficacy. In correspondence analysis, the distribution of extracted words showed that record was located on the negative side of the third quadrant, to the first principal component and that patient was located on the positive side of the first quadrant, contributing greatly to the second principal component. Conclusion: The results of this study contribute to approaching to "confidence, pride, stability," "growth and intention to development'' offers a key in developing self-directed learning ability. Students record what they see and learn the importance of visualizing it in learning portfolios. "Expression in detail of the learned contents" and "concerning to which objective evaluation is suggested" are important to the students.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.7-17
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• 2017

Loan consultants assist clients with loan application processing and loan decisions. Their duties may include contacting people to ask if they want a loan, meeting with loan applicants and explaining different loan options. We studied the efficiency of service quality of loan consultants contracted to a bank in Korea. They do not work as a team, but do work independently. Since he/she is not an employee of the bank, the consultant is paid solely in proportion to how much he/she sell loans. In this study, a consultant is considered as a decision making unit (DMU) in the DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) model. We use a principal component analysis-data envelopment analysis (PCA-DEA) model integrated with Shannon's Entropy to evaluate quality efficiency of the consultants. We adopt a three-stage process to calculate the efficiency of service quality of the consultants. In the first stage, we use PCA to obtain 6 synthetic indicators, including 4 input indicators and 2 output indicators, from survey results in which questionnaire items are constructed on the basis of SERVQUAL model. In the second stage, 3 DEA models allowing negative values are used to calculate the relative efficiency of each DMU. In the third stage, the weight of each result is calculated on the basis of Shannon's Entropy theory, and then we generate a comprehensive efficiency score using it. An example illustrates the proposed process of evaluating the relative quality efficiency of the loan consultants and how to use the efficiency to improve the service quality of the consultants.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제49권5호
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• pp.572-576
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• 2016

Soil quality assessment is an important tool for environmental management in an agricultural field. It can be used to evaluate the health of the soils and to establish the basis for sustainable urban agriculture and soil management. For this study, the chemical properties of the soils used for urban agriculture were examined. Results of the soil analysis for chemical properties were applied to soil quality assessment system, which is composed of principal component analysis, application to scoring function and derivation of soil quality index (SQI). Soil pH, electrical conductivity (EC), organic matter (OM), total nitrogen (T-N) were determined for minimum data set (MDS) according to principal component analysis. Based on the results of scoring for four indicators (pH, EC, OM, T-N), soil pH was the indicator that needs the most urgent management. Results of SQI derivation showed that many of the urban farms appeared to be insufficient score in comprehensive soil quality assessment. In conclusion, soil management practices based on scores derived from soil chemical indicators need to be carried out to maintain sustainable urban agricultural soil environment and to provide easy-to-understand information to urban farmers.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.93-100
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• 2016

Background: A set of logical criteria that can accurately identify and verify the cultivation region of raw materials is a critical tool for the scientific management of traditional herbal medicine. Methods and Results: Volatile compounds were obtained from 19 and 32 samples of Angelica gigas Nakai cultivated in Korea and China, respectively, by using steam distillation extraction. The metabolites were identified using GC/MS by querying against the NIST reference library. Data binning was performed to normalize the number of variables used in statistical analysis. Multivariate statistical analyses, such as Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Partial Least Squares-Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA), and Orthogonal Partial Least Squares-Discriminant Analysis (OPLS-DA) were performed using the SIMCA-P software. Significant variables with a Variable Importance in the Projection (VIP) score higher than 1.0 as obtained through OPLS-DA and those that resulted in p-values less than 0.05 through one-way ANOVA were selected to verify the marker compounds. Among the 19 variables extracted, styrene, ${\alpha}$-pinene, and ${\beta}$-terpinene were selected as markers to indicate the origin of A. gigas. Conclusions: The statistical model developed was suitable for determination of the geographical origin of A. gigas. The cultivation regions of six Korean and eight Chinese A. gigas. samples were predicted using the established OPLS-DA model and it was confirmed that 13 of the 14 samples were accurately classified.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.59-67
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• 2006

본 연구에서는 2차원 형광스펙트럼의 PCA 분석을 통하여 발효 공정을 모니터링하고 PCR과 PLS과 같은 다변량 분석기법을 이용하여 공정을 모델링하였다. 재조합 대장균 E. coli 와 효모 S.cerevisiae의 발효 공정 중에 얻어진 많은 양의 2차원 형광스펙트럼 자료는 우선 PCA를 통해 축소된다. 그리고 PCA에서 주성분점수와 적재 산점도는 발효 공정의 정성적 경향을 묘사하기 위해 사용되었다. 또한, PCR과 PLS는 2차원 형광스펙트럼의 분석을 위해 사용되었으며 PLS모델이 보정과 예측 능력에서 PCR모델보다 조금 더 우수한 성능을 나타냈다. 따라서 2차원 형광스펙트럼 자료를 이용하여 생물공정을 모델링 하고자 할 때는 PCR 방법보다는 PLS 방법을 사용하는 것이 유리할 것이다.