• Food Quality and Culture
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.64-68
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• 2009

This descriptive analysis study investigated the sensory characteristics and the drivers of liking for seven types of makgeolli differing in grain composition and pasteurization conditions. Six trained panelists participated in the descriptive analysis. In the consumer acceptance test involving 23 males and 34 females, two of the seven varieties were excluded due to their similar sensory characteristics. Analysis of variance, principal component analysis, and partial least square regression analysis were conducted. Sensory characteristics of makgeolli varied markedly depending on the ingredients and processing methods. Makgeolli samples with relatively high content of millet flour were characterized as being smooth and strong, with a roasted carbohydrate flavor, whereas samples with enriched rice content were rated high in attributes such as bitterness, carbonation, and residual flavor. Sourness decreased in pasteurized samples. Participant's age rather than gender influence the liking for makgeolli. Older consumers tend to prefer samples with stronger flavor than did younger consumers. Clustering consumer groups based on the preference for makgeolli samples provided profound insight concerning the beverage aspects that were appealing, which should be useful in consumer targeting of particular varieties of makgeolli.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.153-158
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• 2015

Purpose: The research presented in this paper applied the chemometric analysis to the near-infrared spectral data from line-scanned hyperspectral images of beef and fish meals in animal feeds. The chemometric statistical models were developed to distinguish beef meals from fish ones. Methods: The meal samples of 40 fish meals and 15 beef meals were line-scanned to obtain hyperspectral images. The spectral data were retrieved from each of 3600 pixels in the Region of Interest (ROI) of every sample image. The wavebands spanning 969 nm to 1551 nm (across 176 spectral bands) were selected for chemometric analysis. The partial least squares regression (PLSR) and the principal component analysis (PCA) methods of the chemometric analysis were applied to the model development. The purpose of the models was to correctly classify as many beef pixels as possible while misclassified fish pixels in an acceptable amount. Results: The results showed that the success classification rates were 97.9% for beef samples and 99.4% for fish samples by the PLSR model, and 85.1% for beef samples and 88.2% for fish samples by the PCA model. Conclusion: The chemometric analysis-based PLSR and PCA models for the hyperspectral image analysis could differentiate beef meals from fish ones in animal feeds.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.150-161
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• 2017

This study was conducted to identify sensory characteristics of soy-meat samples by trained panels and to observe the relationship between these sensory characteristics and consumer acceptability of the samples. Descriptive analysis was performed on eight samples; four types of patty style soy-meat samples (Soy-meat Patty; SP) made with a Ddukgalbi recipe (YSP, VSP, LSP, and SSP) and four types of Bulgogi style soy-meat samples (Soy-meat Bulgogi; SB) made with a Bulgogi recipe (YSB, VSB, LSB, and SSB). Seven panelists were trained, and they evaluated the appearance, odor/aroma, flavor/taste, texture/mouth feel, and after taste attributes of these samples. Forty attributes were generated by panelists, and 37 attributes were significantly different across products (p<0.05). The SB group was characterized by beef, leek, and garlic flavor as well a sweetness, denseness, slipperiness, chewiness, and pepper after taste. The SP group was characterized by roughness, particle size, rancid oil flavor, raw bean flavor, astringent, sourness, and adhesiveness. Consumer test (n=125) showed that the VSB sample had the highest scores for acceptability of appearance, flavor, texture, and overall liking. The PLSR results show that the attributes that were more positively associated with acceptance of soy-meat samples were beef taste, wetness, and chewiness, whereas the raw bean smell and rancid oil flavor attributes were negative.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.82-94
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• 2013

The purposes of this study were to measure the service mind and customer orientation of employees and to identify the effect of service mind on customer orientation in elementary school foodservices. The questionnaires were distributed to foodservice employees of the 19 elementary schools, but collected from 12 schools in Gwangju, Gyeonggi. The statistical data analysis was completed using SPSS (ver. 18.0) for the independent sample t-test, ANOVA, Cronbach's alpha, principal component analysis, hierarchical & K-means cluster analysis, Pearson' correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis. Foodservice employees highly rated their service mind (3.94 out of 5 points), especially their perceptions on the importance of service (4.13 points). The effort to provide service was significantly different depending on the serving place (P<0.05). Employees had a high level of customer orientation (4.02 points), which was significantly influenced by age, position, or career (P<0.05), and cook license (P<0.01). As a result of cluster analysis for service mind, employees were divided into two groups: a low-service mind group (cluster 1) and a high-service mind group (cluster 2). Cluster 2 had a significantly higher overall customer orientation than cluster 1 (P<0.001). The pride in providing services (${\beta}$=0.390, P<0.01) and the perception of the importance of services (${\beta}$=0.297, P<0.05) showed a significant and positive effect on customer orientation.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제14권9호
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• pp.579-588
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• 2016

본 연구는 교양체육수업의 재미요인, 수업만족과 운동지속행동의 관계를 규명하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 경기도에 속한 4개 대학 학생을 대상으로 300부의 설문지를 회수하여 연구 자료로 사용이 가능한 275부를 분석에 사용하였다. 분석을 위해 통계프로그램은 PASW 18.0 프로그램을 이용하여 각 요인에 대한 기술통계를 제시하였으며 요인추출 및 문항 내적 일관성 확인을 위해 탐색적 요인분석중 주성분분석과 베리맥스 회전 방식을 선택하였다. 신뢰도 분석에는 크론바 알파를 통해 신뢰도를 확인하였다. 교양체육수업의 재미요인, 수업만족과 운동지속행동 요인에 대해서는 다중회귀분석을 실시하여 관계를 규명하고자 하였으며, 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 첫째, 교양체육수업의 재미요인 중 교수행동, 체육성적, 체육환경, 운동능력, 운동지속행동에 유의한 영향력을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 교양체육수업의 수업만족 중 운동지속행동에 영향을 주는 것은 교수행동, 체육성적 요인이 유의한 영향력을 주는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.180-191
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• 2015

본 연구의 목적은 지각된 가치(쾌락적 가치, 실용적 가치)가 소비감정과 고객만족에 미치는 영향을 살펴보고 나아가 각 개념들의 측정변수 사이에 내재한 관계를 파악하는데 있다. 연구 자료는 최근 한 달간 아시아 레스토랑을 방문한 경험이 있는 미국인들을 대상으로 수집하였으며, 총 435개의 자료를 가지고 기술통계분석, 요인분석, 신뢰도분석, 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 분석결과 쾌락적 가치와 실용적 가치 모두 긍정적 감정과 고객만족에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으나, 실용적 가치만이 부정적 감정에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 측정변수 간의 관계를 분석한 결과 쾌락적 가치인 전통음악, 전통음식, 레스토랑 배치가 긍정적 감정에 영향을 미쳤으며, 인테리어 디자인은 고객만족에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 반면 실용적 가치인 음식의 맛과 건강한 음식종류는 긍정적 감정과 고객만족에 영향을 미쳤으며, 음식의 맛만이 부정적 감정에 영향을 미치는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 이에 대한 실무적 시시점을 결론에 제시하였다.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.120-130
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• 2019

본 연구에서는 2006년도의 교량 유지관리 빅데이터를 이용하여 선행연구에서 개발된 차종별 교통량 데이터와 연직 변위 데이터의 상관관계를 바탕으로 광안대교의 차종별 교통량 데이터를 이용한 연직 변위 추정 모델에 대하여 10여년이 경과한 현재적 적용성을 각각의 업데이트 방법으로 개발된 모델의 변위 추정 성능을 비교 분석하였다. 개발된 모델의 현재적 적용성은 추정된 변위는 실측 변위와 유사한 것으로 분석되었으며, 구조화 회귀 분석에 기반한 모델과 주성분 분석에 기반한 모델의 변위 추정 성능은 상호간에 큰 차이가 없다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 결론적으로 본 연구에서 개발한 차종별 교통량 데이터를 이용한 연직 변위 추정 모델은 광안대교의 교통하중에 따른 거동 분석 등에 유효하게 활용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.110-128
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• 2021

Purpose - The essential purpose of this study is to analyze the possibility of substitution of an individual job resulting from technological development represented by the 4th Industrial Resolution, considering the different effects of digital transformation on the labor market. Design/methodology - In order to estimate the substitution probability, this study used two data sets which the job characteristics data for individual occupations provided by KEIS and the information on occupational status of substitution provided by Frey and Osborne(2013). In total, 665 occupations were considered in this study. Of these, 80 occupations had data with labels of substitution status. The primary goal of estimation was to predict the degree of substitution for 607 of 665 occupations (excluding 58 with markers). It utilized three methods a principal component analysis, an unsupervised learning methodology of machine learning, and Ridge and Lasso from supervised learning methodology. After extracting significant variables based on the three methods, this study carried out logistics regression to estimate the probability of substitution for each occupation. Findings - The probability of substitution for other occupational groups did not significantly vary across individual models, and the rank order of the probabilities across occupational groups were similar across models. The mean of three methods of substitution probability was analyzed to be 45.3%. The highest value was obtained using the PCA method, and the lowest value was derived from the LASSO method. The average substitution probability of the trading industry was 45.1%, very similar to the overall average. Originality/value - This study has a significance in that it estimates the job substitution probability using various machine learning methods. The results of substitution probability estimation were compared by industry sector. In addition, This study attempts to compare between trade business and industry sector.

• ALGAE
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.361-373
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• 2020

The community dynamics of benthic diatoms in the hypersaline environment are investigated to advance our understanding how salinity impacts marine life. Diatoms were sampled in the two salterns encompassing salt Ponds, ditches, and seawater reservoirs (n = 11), along the salinity gradient (max = 324 psu), and nearby tidal flats (n = 2). The floral assemblages and distributions across sites and stations showed great variations, with a total of 169 identified taxa. First, not surprisingly, higher diversity of benthic diatoms was found at natural tidal flats than salterns. The saltern diatoms generally showed salinity dependent distributions with distinct spatial changes in species composition and dominant taxa. Biota-environment and principal component analysis confirmed that salinity, mud content, and total nitrogen were key factors influencing the overall benthic community structure. Some dominant species, e.g., Nitzschia scalpelliformis and Achnanthes sp. 1, showed salinity tolerance / preference. The number of diatom species at salinity of >100 psu reduced over half and no diatoms were found at maximum salinity of 324 psu. The highest salinity for the observed live diatoms was 205 psu, however, a simple regression indicated a theoretical salinity threshold of ~300 psu on the survival. Finally, the indicator species were identified along the salinity gradient in salterns as well as natural tidal flats. Overall, high species numbers, varying taxa, and euryhaline distributions of saltern diatoms collectively reflected a dynamic saltern ecosystem. The present study would provide backgrounds for biodiversity monitoring of ecologically important microalgal producers in some unique hypersaline environment, and elsewhere.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.43-50
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• 2022

The unified scheme of Seyfert galaxies hypothesizes that the observed differences between the two categories of Seyfert galaxies, type 1 (Sy1) and type 2 (Sy2) are merely due to the difference in the orientation of the toroidal shape of the obscuring material in the active galactic nuclei. We used in this paper, a sample consisting of 120 Seyfert galaxies at 1.40 × 10⁹ Hz in radio, 2.52 × 10¹⁷ Hz in X-ray and 2.52 × 10²³ Hz in γ-ray luminosities observed by the Fermi Large Area Telescope (Fermi-LAT) in order to test the unified scheme of radio-quiet Seyfert galaxies. Our main results are as follows: (i) We found that the distributions of multiwave luminosities (L_radio, L_X-ray, and L_γ-ray) of Sy1 and Sy2 are completely overlapped with up to a factor of 4. The principal component analysis result reveals that Sy1 and Sy2 also occupy the same parameter spaces, which agrees with the notion that Sy1 and Sy2 are the same class objects. A Kolmogorov-Smirnov test performed on the sub-samples indicates that the null hypothesis (both are from the same population) cannot be rejected with chance probability p ~ 0 and separation distance K = 0.013. This result supports the fact that there is no statistical difference between the properties of Sy1 and Sy2 (ii) We found that the coefficient of the best-fit linear regression equation between the common properties of Sy1 and Sy2 is significant (r > 0.50) which plausibly implies that Sy1 and Sy2 are the same type of objects observed at different viewing angle.