• 대한지구과학교육학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.236-247
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• 2021

본 연구는 초등예비교사들의 성별, 고교재학 중 지구과학 이수여부가 계절변화 원인에 대한 개념영역, 개념이해 수준 및 오개념에 어떤 영향을 미치는 지를 알아본 연구로서 2021년 5월부터 11월까지 P교육대학교 초등예비교사 71명을 대상으로 수행되었다. 본 연구의 결론은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 초등예비교사들이 계절변화를 설명하는데 사용되는 개념영역은 성별에 따른 차이보다는 고교 재학 중 지구과학 이수여부에 따라서 더 큰 차이를 보였다. 둘째, 초등예비교사들의 계절변화에 대한 개념이해 수준은 성별에 따른 차이는 유의미하지 않았지만, 고교 재학 중 지구과학을 이수한 집단이 이수하지 않은 집단에 비해 개념이해 수준점수가 통계적으로 유의미하게 높게 나왔다. 셋째, 초등예비교사들의 계절변화와 관련한 오개념 소지 비율은 성별에 따른 차이는 유의미하지 않았지만, 고교 재학 중 지구과학을 이수하지 않은 집단이 이수한 집단에 비해 오개념 소지 비율이 통계적으로 유의미하게 높게 나왔다. 이상에서 살펴 본 결과 초등예비교사들의 계절변화에 대한 개념영역, 개념이해 수준, 오개념은 성별에 따른 차이보다는 고교 재학 중 지구과학 교과의 이수 여부에 따라 더 큰 영향을 받는다고 판단된다.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.352-364
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• 2017

Purpose: The aim of this study was to explain the burnout among health teachers in elementary schools with large class sizes, and to explore the nature and meaning of those experiences. Methods: This study used the four steps of Giorgi's descriptive phenomenology. Data were collected through in-depth interviews regarding the experiences of burnout of 9 participants, which were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed. Results: The participants' experiences of teaching large classes were categorized into 4 themes and 9 domains. The themes were "difficult and lethargic," "gradual deterioration conditions," "losing work-life balance," and "enduring for a short time and leaving." Conclusion: Burnout not only affected the teachers at work but also had a negative impact on the teachers' personal and family lives outside of school. This study found that the current teacher assignment criteria were the strongest factors influencing burnout, which contribute to physical exhaustion. Health teachers are assigned based on different criteria that do not consider the number of students. Another factor contributing to burnout among health teachers is a work environment conducive to with emotional exhaustion. Health teachers and content teachers are not sufficiently knowledgeable regarding the specifics of each other's work.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.155-179
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to compare the task elements categorized into required and additional man power's implemental between present and future-oriented duties of school nutrition teachers. The survey consisted of five duties, 27 tasks, 93 task elements, and 270 work details in the task elements of school nutrition teachers. A pilot-test was first conducted on nutrition teachers to confirm the survey contents, and then a main survey was performed on 240 school nutrition teachers, using a self-administrated online method, from July 16 to September 5, 2016. To compare present and future-oriented tasks, frequency analyses were conducted. Work details in the task elements were categorized into 'required' and 'additional man power's implemental', depending on school nutrition teachers' responses, based on a 50% cut-off percentage. The results showed that 13 work details among 60 work details (21.7%) in the 'Duty C. Safety and hygiene management of school foodservice', and 15 work details out of 106 work details (14.2%) in 'Duty B. Foodservice management practices' were identified as additional man power's implemental in future oriented duties. As to 'Duty A. Nutrition management', only three work details among 55 work details (5.5%) were identified as additional man power's implemental. On the other hand, all work details in 'Duty D. Nutrition diet education and counseling and 'Duty E. Reinforce professionalism' were identified as "required" as school nutrition teachers' duties. These findings imply that school nutrition teachers perceive nutrition management and education as their primary duties to the fulfill school foodservice' mission of promoting students' health and fostering students' dietary behaviors. The study offers practical and governmental implications, which can encourage school nutrition teachers to perform their primary duties.

• East Asian mathematical journal
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.217-232
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to investigate the assessment expertise of Mathematics' teachers, focusing on the competence in designing assessment item development. In this present research, I analysed how the teachers' competence appears in designing assessment items development when they generated problems the given problem into a new one. To examine this assumption, the following research questions were posed and investigated in the present study : How do Pre-service and In-service Teachers in primary schools develop the assessment item when generating problems the given problems into new problems? The result from the case study of metamorphosing the given problem into a new problem teachers used similar patterns switching numbers or changing units in order to develop new problems. Also, teachers in primary schools tend to develop problems as commonly as in the mathematics workbooks. In-service teachers tend to have better skills developing assessment items, but there were quite much of variability between individuals.

• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.97-107
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• 1999

The purpose of the study was to ascertain the trends of future circumstances in primary education along with population change. These trends, which are subject to change in population and structure, have a great impact on the size and characteristics of primary school-aged children. Accordingly, it is imperative for the government to plan for future conditions involving primary education. The major findings of the study were as follows: 1. In the long-term primary school children aged 6-11, which accounted for 17.7% of the total population in 1970, will decline to 8.6% by the year 2000, 6.9% in 2020 and 6.4% in 2030. This drastic reduction in fertility rate is a direct result of pressure by the government to control population. 2. In 1996, the total number of classes in primary schools rose to 106,594. In the future, these numbers will actually decline. By 2003 the total number of classes will peak at 142,605, but until then drop off to 112,288 by 2030-a decrease of over 6,000. 3. The actual number of primary schools in 1997 totaled 5,721. This figure will reach its highest peak, 5,942, in 2003, but it is expected decrease later after declining by 1,263, it will bottom out at 4,679 in 2003. 4. The number of teachers at primary schools increased from 101,095 in 1970, 119, 064 in 1980, 136,800 in 1990 to 138,369 in 1995. Accordingly this means that the ratio of students to teaching staff changed for the better. By the year 2005, if teachers of specialty subjects (music, art, English, physical education) are assigned to every primary school with over 18 classrooms and the number of students per class is 30, it should improve educational surroundings. This is because it is expected that the population of primary school children will continue to grow until 2003 and then decrease. Thus, there is a need to maintain the number of primary school teachers between the years 2003 and 2030 so that the ratio of students to teachers will be reduced to 1/20.25. In considering factors related to migration which influence conditions of education, it is evident that changes have already begun. In the suburbs of Seoul, population shifts are causing overcrowding in classrooms. The government believes it would be inefficient to invest in education because fluctuating migration figures make it impossible. Accordingly, we have to be concerned about stabilizing the population throughout the entire country.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈A:수학교육
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.197-219
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• 2008

Unlike ordinary situations, deifinitions play a very important role in mathematics education in schools. Mathematical concepts have been mainly acquired by given definitions. However, according to didactical intentions, mathematics education in schools has employed mathematical concepts and definitions with less strict forms than those in pure mathematics. This research mainly discusses definitions used in geometry (promising) course in primary schools to cope with possibilities of creating misconception due to this didactical transformation. After analyzing problems with potential misconceptions, a survey was conducted $\underline{with}$ 80 primary school teachers in Jeju to investigate their recognitions in meaning of mathematical concepts in geometry and attitudes toward teaching. Most of the respondents answered they taught their students while they knew well about mathematical definitions in geometry but the respondents sometimes confused mathematical concepts of polygons and circles. Also, they were aware of problems in current mathematics textbooks which have explained figures in small topics (classes). Here, several suggestions are proposed as follows from analyzing teachers' recognitions and researches in mathematical viewpoints of definitions (promising) in geometric figures which have been adopted by current mathematics textbooks in primary schools from the seventh educational curriculum. First, when primary school students in their detailed operational stage studying figures, they tend to experience $\underline{a}$ collision between concept images acquired from activities to find out promising and concept images formed through promising. Therefore, a teaching method is required to lessen possibility of misconceptions. That is, there should be a communication method between defining conceptual definitions and Images. Second, we need to consider how geometric figures and their elements in primary school textbooks are connected with fundamental terminologies laying the foundation for geometrical definitions and more logical approaches should be adopted. Third, the consistency with studying geometric figures should be considered. Fourth, sorting activities about problems in coined words related to figures and way and time of their introductions should be emphasized. In primary schools mathematics curriculum, geometry has played a crucial role in increasing mathematical ways of thoughts. Hence, being introduced by parts from viewpoints of relational understanding should be emphasized more in textbooks and teachers should teach students after restructuring this. Mathematics teachers should help their students not only learn conceptual definitions of geometric figures in their courses well but also advance to rigid mathematical definitions. Therefore, that's why mathematics teachers should know meanings of concepts clearly and accurately.

• International Journal of Contents
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2022

The advancement of Internet technologies has provided a new and effective way to cultivate international talents. To investigate the effect of native English teachers' online synchronous classes on Chinese primary school students' oral English improvement, an 18-month quasi-experimental study was conducted on 300 primary school students in China. The experiment and control groups were provided biweekly synchronous online classes with native and non-native English teachers. SPSS was used to conduct Paired Sample T-Tests and analyze performance differentials. The results showed that online classes taught by native English teachers perform better than non-native English teachers in three areas: vocabulary accuracy, average sentence length, and phonological intonation.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.9-18
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• 2013

2014년부터 초등학교 3-4학년 학생들이 사회, 과학, 영어 과목에서 디지털 교과서를 사용할 예정이고, 그 다음 해에 5-6학년 학생들도 같은 과목에서 디지털 교과서를 사용하게 된다. 이에 본 연구에서는 디지털 교과서를 아직 접하지 못한 초등학교 교사들이 디지털교과서에 대해 어떤 인식을 갖고 있고, 정보기술수용모델에 근거하여 초등학교 교사들이 디지털 교과서를 어느 정도 수용하는지 알아보았다. 연구 결과에 따르면, 응답한 많은 초등학교 교사들이 디지털 교과서를 사용할 준비가 되어 있지 않았고, 디지털 교과서 사용에 대해 우려하는 것으로 나타났다. 하지만, 디지털 교과서를 사용할 경우 유용성과 유희성이 디지털 교과서를 수용하는 데 있어 중요한 변인으로 나타났다.

• 한국도서관정보학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.119-146
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• 2001

학교도서관 봉사의 목적이 학교 교육을 위한 것이므로 학교 교육의 목적과 학교도서관의 궁극적인 목적은 동일한 것이다. 학교도서관은 항상 새롭고 보다 훌륭한 시설과 풍부한 정보자료를 개발하여야 하며 유능한 전문직 사서교사는 교육과정에 적절하고 합리적인 프로그램을 개발하여 봉사하여야 한다. 학교내외에서 야기되고 있는 저해 요인들로 실질적으로 유명 무실한 학교도서관을 보다 능률적이고 새롭게 개선할 필요가 있다. 초등학교 학생에게 직접적인 영향을 주는 교사들이 학교도서관에 대한 적절한 인식과 기대를 가지고 있다면 교사와 학생들이 학교도서관을 보다 적극적으로 이용하고 활성화시키는 초석이 될 것으로 간주된다. 본 연구에서는 학교도서관의 봉사에 대한 초등학교 교사들의 인식과 기대를 파악하여 향후 초등학교 도서관이 진정한 교수학습의 장으로 활용되도록 하는 제 방향을 찾아보았다. 본 연구에서는 학교도서관 사서의 역할을 개관하고 이에 대한 초등학교 일반 교사들의 인식과 기대에 대한 수준을 측정한 후 이에 따라 활성화 방안을 제시하였다. 조사결과 학교도서관에 대한 중요도, 사서교사의 배치 필요성, 다양한 봉사에 대한 기대, 학교도서관 이용교육수강에 대한 윤곽 등을 강력히 주장하고 있다.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.213-226
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• 2002

본 연구를 통하여 제7차 과학 교육과정의 성공적 운영 및 다음 교육과정의 바람직한 방향 제시를 위한 몇 가지 제언은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 교육과정을 개발한 기관이나 교육청 차원에서의 신 교육과정에 대한 사전 연수의 기회 확대 및 질적 개선이 필요하며, 초등교사 양성기관인 교육대학교에서의 신 교육과정에 대한 충분한 교육 및 실습의 강화도 필요하다. 둘째, 현재 실시되고 있는 7차 과학과 교육과정의 내용이 교사에게 부담을 주지 않게 하기 위해서는 현장에서 쉽게 활용할 수 있는 수준별 심화 보충 자료의 적극적 제시가 필요하고, 교사 양성 교육이나 재교육을 통한 활동 중심 교수 활동에 대한 충분한 연수 기회를 제공하여야 한다. 셋째, 인터넷 등을 활용한 교수-학습 활동의 다양화를 위한 시설 환경 등의 지속적인 지원이 필요하며, 현장체험학습 여건 구비를 위하여 단위 학교를 관할하는 지역 교육청과 고사 양성 대학 및 박물관. 고궁, 공원 등을 관리하는 관련 정부 부처나 유관 사회단체의 연대 및 협조가 필요하다. 넷째, 수준별 심화ㆍ보충 과정의 운영을 위한 충분히 안내된 자료가 교사에게 제공되거나 내용 수준의 적절성을 기할 필요가 있으며 교사. 지역 교육청. 과학교육 전문가, 길재 개발자 등이 협력하여 심화ㆍ보충 자료를 개발하고 보급할 필요성이 절실하다.