• Radiation Oncology Journal
• /
• 제36권1호
• /
• pp.17-24
• /
• 2018

Purpose: This study aimed to assess complications and outcomes of a new approach, that is, combining short course radiotherapy (SRT), concurrent and consolidative chemotherapies, and delayed surgery. Materials and Methods: In this single arm phase II prospective clinical trial, patients with T3-4 or N+ M0 rectal adenocarcinoma were enrolled. Patients who received induction chemotherapy or previous pelvic radiotherapy were excluded. Study protocol consisted of three-dimensional conformal SRT (25 Gy in 5 fractions in 1 week) with concurrent and consolidation chemotherapies including capecitabine and oxaliplatin. Total mesorectal excision was done at least 8 weeks after the last fraction of radiotherapy. Primary outcome was complete pathologic response and secondary outcomes were treatment related complications. Results: Thirty-three patients completed the planned preoperative chemoradiation and 26 of them underwent surgery (24 low anterior resection and 2 abdominoperineal resection). Acute proctitis grades 2 and 3 were seen in 11 (33.3%) and 7 (21.2%) patients, respectively. There were no grades 3 and 4 subacute hematologic and non-hematologic (genitourinary and peripheral neuropathy) toxicities and perioperative morbidities such as anastomose leakage. Grade 2 or higher late toxicities were observed among 29.6% of the patients. Complete pathologic response was achieved in 8 (30.8%) patients who underwent surgery. The 3-year overall survival and local control rates were 65% and 94%, respectively. Conclusion: This study showed that SRT combined with concurrent and consolidation chemotherapies followed by delayed surgery is not only feasible and tolerable without significant toxicity but also, associated with promising complete pathologic response rates.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• 제31권10호
• /
• pp.999-1003
• /
• 1998

연구배경 : 수장부 다한증에 대한 흉강경 교감신경절차단술은 즉각적으로 증상을 호전시키고 회복시킨다는 장점을 갖고 있다. 그러나 수장부 다한증에서의 차단해야할 교감신경절의 위치는 다소 모호한 것이 사실이었다 재료 및 방법 : 제 2 및 2.3 흉부 교감신경절차단의 효과를 비교하기위하여 본 서울대학교 흉부외과학 교실에서는 1994년 4월부터 1997년 7월까지 제 2흉부교감신경절차단술 혹은 제2.3 흉부교감신경절차단술을 시행받은 192명의 일차성 수장부 다한증환자를 대상으로 역향성 연구를 시행하였다. 두 그룹간의 결과를 비교하기위하여 환자의 술전,후 의무기록 및 외래관찰소견을 참조하였으며 전화질의를 통하여 두 군간의 술후 증상의 변화를 조사하였다. 두 군간의 성비및 연령에는 통계적 차이가 없었다. 1997년 4월이전에는 교감신경절제술(sympathectomy)을 시행하였으나 이후로는 교감신경절차단술(sympathicotomy)을 시행하고 있다. 결과 : 술후 모든환자에서 증상의 즉각적인 완화를 보였다. 평균 수술시간은 제 2 흉부 교감신경절차단군에서 61.3$\pm$22.5분으로 제2.3 교감신경절차단군의 82.7$\pm$24.8분에 비해 통계적으로 유의하게 짧았다(p<0.01). 술후 호너증후군과 흉관삽관술과 같은 초기합병증의 빈도는 두 군간의 유의한 차이가 없었다. 보상성 체간다한증, 식사시 발한, 환다한증과 같은 후기 합병증의 빈도에서도 두 군간의 통계적 차이는 없었다. 재발한 례는 제 2, 및 2.3 흉부 교감신경절차단군 모두에서 한 명도 없었다. 보상성 다한증의 위치는 두 군간의 차이를 보여 제 2 흉부 교감신경절차단군에서는 무릎위에서 겨드랑이 까지 발한의 증가를 보였으나 제 2.3 흉부 교감신경절 차단군에서는 무릎위에서 유두부위까지 발한의 증가를 보이는 소견을 보였다. 결론 : 결론적으로 일차성 수장부 다한증에서는 제 2 흉부 교감신경절 차단술만으로도 충분한 효과를 얻을 수있다고 하겠다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• 제14권2호
• /
• pp.200-206
• /
• 1990

The effects of ginseng saponins, SRbl and G-Rc on the rat liver LDH A-gene transcriptional activity was investigated during prereplicative phase of rat liver after partial hepatectomy. Changes in LDH A-mRNA levels in regenerating rat liver after intraperitoneal administrations of G-Rbl or 'G-Rc were tested by slot blot hybridization methods. The results showed that G-Rbl (1 mg/100g B.W) and G-Rc (1 mg/100g B.W) caused marked increases of LDH A-mRNA contents by respectively 1.9- and 1.5-fold in rat liver at 5-hours after partial hepatectomy Dose dependent elect of G-Rbl and G-Rc (1-25 mg/ 100g B.W) on the LDH A-mRNA levels on regenerating rat liver were also analyzed. The maximal increases of liver LDH A-mRNA levels were observed with the doses of 1 mg for G-Rbl and 5 mg for G-Rc. However, when the administration doses of G-Rbl and G-Rc were increased to 20 mg, G-Rbl caused a marked decrease of LDH A-mRNA level to 61% of those in sham-operated rat liver. In contrast, G-Rc slightly decreased the liver LDH A-mRNA contents by 30% as compared to those of the maximum value but still maintained 22% higher LDH A-mRNA levels then those of sham-operated rate liver. On the basis of these experimental results, we conclude that ginseng saponin, G-Rbl and G-Rc have stimulatory effect at the lower concentration (1 mg/ 100g B.W) and inhibitory effect at the higher concentration (20 mg/ 100g B.W) on the LDH A-gene transcription during regeneration of rat liver. Additionally we also investigated the stimulatory effects of ginsenosides on the protein and DNA sinthetic activities in hepatocyte primary cell cultures isolated from regenerating rat liver. Both of G-Rc and -Re increased the synthetic rates of hepatocytes proteins and DNA at the administration doses of 50 us and 100 $\mu\textrm{g}$/3 ml/dish respectively representing 1.3-1.6 fold increases. From these results we postulate that G-Rc and -Re may have a mitogen ehincer activity for the hepatocyte proliferation during rat liver regeneration period.

• 한국통신학회논문지
• /
• 제24권7B호
• /
• pp.1313-1321
• /
• 1999

이단계 라킹 규약은 다수의 트랜잭션들의 수행이 병행되는 데이터베이스 환경에서 데이터의 논리적인 일관성을 보장하기 위하여 널리 사용되는 동시성 제어 기법이다. 이단계 라킹 규약을 사용하는 시스템에서는 두 개 이상의 트랜잭션들이 락을 잡은 상태를 서로 다른 트랜잭션이 가진 락을 무한정으로 상호 대기하는 교착 상태가 발생할 수 있다. 교착 상태 검출기는 트랜잭션들 간의 락 대기 정보를 기반으로 시스템 내에 교착 상태가 발생하였는가를 주기적으로 검출하는 기능을 제공한다. 데이터베이스 시스템에서는 트랜잭션들과 교착 상태 검출기의 수행이 병행되며, 이들은 각각의 수행을 위하여 락 대기 정보를 공통으로 읽고 쓰게 된다. 이와 같이, 락 대기 정보는 공유 정보에 해당되므로 상호 배제 기법을 이용한 락 대기 정보의 물리적 일관성을 보장하는 기법이 요구된다. 특히, 고성능의 주기억장치 데이타베이스에서는 이러한 상호 배제 기법의 성능이 전체 시스템에 큰 영향을 미치게 되므로 효율적인 상호 배제 기법은 매우 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 락 대기 정보의 물리적 일관성을 효과적으로 보장하는 새로운 상호 배제 기법을 제안한다. 제안\ulcorner는 기법은 상호 배제를 위한 처리 오버헤드를 극소화하고, 전체 시스템의 동시성을 극대화하는 것을 주요 목표로 한다.

• 전력전자학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 전력전자학회 2009년도 정기총회 및 추계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.105-110
• /
• 2009

The On Line Electric Vehicles(OLEV) that can pick up inductive power from underground coils on driving with high efficiency have been developed this year, and is now proposed in this paper. The IPS(Inductive Power Supply) system consists of power supply inverters, power supply rails, pick up modules, and a regulator. There are 3 generations of IPS have been developed so far, and the $4^{th}$ generation IPS is being developed. The $1^{st}$ generation has been demonstrated this Feb. 27, which is equipped with mechanically auto tracking pick-up module with 1cm air gap, and showed 80% power efficiency. The $2^{nd}$ generation IPS applied to an 120kW (average)/240kW(peak) motor powered electric bus has 17cm air gap with 72% power efficiency. For the $2^{nd}$ generation IPS, the Power supply inverter has 440V, 3phase input and 200A @ 20kHz output. The test power supply rail of 240m long is segmented by 60m each, where newly developed core structure and power cable are constructed under the road covered with asphalt of 5cm thickness. The pick-up modules which consist of core, winding wire, and rectifiers are fixed to the bottom of the bus which can carry more than 40 passengers and can pick up max. 60kW. To remove parasitic component and to transfer maximum power between them resonant circuit topology is applied to the primary and secondary sides. The EMF level is below 62.5mG at 1.75m from the center of the road to meet the regulation. Several effective ways of reducing EMF levels have been developed. In addition, effective ways to solve problems related high frequency power cables buried in ground and it's proof from soil have been studied also. This development shows that the IPS system is capable of supplying enough power to the pick-up of OLEV and can reduce battery size, weight and cost, which means the IPS with OLEV is one of the best candidate for EV.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• 제37권6호
• /
• pp.433-440
• /
• 1994

상온에서 배양된 녹색조류 Clamydomonas reinhardtii를 $5^{\circ}C$의 저온에 세워두었을 때 세포내에는 괄목할 만한 pyruvate의 축적이 일어났다. 그러나 저온처리된 세포를 다시 상온으로 옮기면 세포내 pyruvate 수준은 감소하기 시작하며 이에 수반하여 superoxide radicals$(O_2^-)$의 발생수준이 증가하였다. 일정기간 후 최고치에 도달한 $O_2^-$ 수준은 다시 비교적 빠르게 떨어지기 시작하였는데, 이때를 전후하여 세포내 superoxide dismutase(SOD)가 현저하게 활성화 되었다. 이러한 결과는 벼의 냉해와 관련하여 얻었던 기존(본 연구실)의 관찰 사실과 매우 유사한 것으로서 고등식물이나 조류가 공히 냉해의 초기과정에 관한한 동일한 기작의 지배를 받고 있음을 시사한다. 아울러 본 연구에서는 저온처리에 의해 야기된 SOD의 활성 증가가 대부분 Mn-SOD의 활성화에 기인하는 것으로 관찰되었다. Mn-SOD는 세포 소기관 중 미토콘드리아에만 존재하므로, 이러한 관찰은 독성이 큰 산소화학종이 과생성되는 부정적 상황 즉 냉해유발 상황에 대처하기 위해 항산소성 효소가 냉해의 초기과정이 진행되는 미토콘드리아에서 유도된다는 개념과 부합된다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제16권11호
• /
• pp.1690-1698
• /
• 2006

In order to investigate the effect of dissolved oxygen (DO) level on AVM $B_{1a}$ production by a high yielding mutant of Streptomyces avermitilis, five sets of bioreactor cultures were performed under variously controlled DO levels. Using an online computer control system, the agitation speed and aeration rate were automatically controlled in an adaptive manner, responding timely to the oxygen requirement of the producer microorganism. In the two cultures of DO limitation, the onset of AVM $B_{1a}$ biosynthesis was observed to casually coincide with the fermentation time when oxygen-limited conditions were overcome by the producing microorganism. In contrast, this phenomenon did not occur in the parallel fermentations with DO levels controlled at around 30% and 40% throughout the entire fermentation period, showing an almost growth-associated mode of AVM $B_{1a}$ production: AVM $B_{1a}$ biosynthesis under the environments of high DO levels started much earlier than the corresponding oxygen-limited cultures, leading to a significant enhancement of AVM $B_{1a}$ production during the exponential stage. Consequently, approximately 6-fold and 9-fold increases in the final AVM $B_{1a}$ production were obtained in 30% and 40% DO-controlled fermentations, respectively, especially when compared with the culture of severe DO limitation (the culture with 0% DO level during the exponential phase). The production yield ($Y_{p/x}$), volumetric production rate (Qp), and specific production rate (${\bar{q}}_p$) of the 40% DO-controlled culture were observed to be 14%, 15%, and 15% higher, respectively, than those of the parallel cultures that were performed under an excessive agitation speed (350 rpm) and aeration rate (1 vvm) to maintain sufficiently high DO levels throughout the entire fermentation period. These results suggest that high shear damage of the high-yielding strain due to an excessive agitation speed is the primary reason for the reduction of the AVM $B_{1a}$ biosynthetic capability of the producer. As for the cell growth, exponential growth patterns during the initial 3 days were observed in the fermentations of sufficient DO levels, whereas almost linear patterns of cell growth were observed in the other two cultures of DO limitation during the identical period, resulting in apparently lower amounts of DCW. These results led us to conclude that maintenance of optimum DO levels, but not too high to cause potential shear damage on the producer, was crucial not only for the cell growth, but also for the enhanced production of AVM $B_{1a}$ by the filamentous mycelial cells of Streptomyces avermitilis.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
• /
• 제10권2호
• /
• pp.123-145
• /
• 1993

충북대학교 천문우주학과의 UBVRI 측광기가 부착된 20 cm 망원경을 이용하여 1988년 12월부터 1991년 3월 사이의 33일밤 동안 Algol을 광전측광 관측하여 총 3465점의 관측값을 얻었다. 이 관측값을 이용하여 UBVRI 광도곡선을 만들었고 5개의 극심시각 JDHel 2447898.0938, JDHel 2447908.1014, JDHel 2448265.1205, JDHel 2448288.0598, JDHel 2448275.146 을 결정하였다. 우리가 얻은 UBVRI 광도곡선을 동시에 Wilson-Devinney 방법으로 분석하여 측광학적 해를 구했다. 이 해로 부터 얻은 i= $82.{\circ}47$, q=0.227, $r_1$=0.2102, $r_2$=0.2512와 Hill et al.(1971)의 분광학적 해의 인수들을 이용하여 Algol A,B,C, 각각에 대한 질량에 반경을 $m_1$=3.36, $m_2$=0.76, $m_3$=1.6, $R_1$=2.97, $R_2$=0.76과 같이 구했다. 여기서 사용한 단위는 태양질량 단위와 태양반경 단위이다. 이러한 우리의 결과들은 Kim(1989)이 보고한 값들과 대체로 비슷하다. 우리의 해로 부터 은 5색의 $l_1$, $l_2$, $l_3$ 값들을 Planck 곡선에 fitting 시키는 방법에 의해 Algol C의 온도를 $T_3$=8800로, 그리고 $R_3$=$1.6R_\odot$을 유도했다. Algol A와 B의 배치 형태가 준접촉형인 것은 case B 질량 이동에 의해 생긴 결과로 믿어지며, 질량-반경동에 나타난 이들의 위치에 의하면 Algol B는 수소연소 단계에서도 상당히 진화된 상태에 있는 것으로 추정된다.로 추정된다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제15권12호
• /
• pp.4933-4938
• /
• 2014

Background: Although various tumor markers have been utilized in management of stomach cancer (SC), only a few reports have described relevance of examples such as CYFRA 21-1 and neuron-specific enolase (NSE). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential diagnostic performance of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), CA 19-9, CA72-4, CYFRA 21-1 and NSE in patients with SC. Materials and Methods: Ninety-six SC patients with pathologic confirmation between 2012 and 2013 were enrolled. Serum levels of five tumor markers were analyzed using a solid-phase immunoradiometric assay. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted for the five tumor markers to investigate their diagnostic powers and adjusted cutoff values derived from analysis of ROC curves were evaluated to calculate the sensitivity of each for SC with recommended cutoff values. Results: Based on two different cutoff values (recommended and adjusted), CYFRA 21-1 (${\geq}2.0$ and 1.2 ng/ml) had a respective sensitivity of 50% and 78.1%, compared with 8.3% and 18.8% for CEA (${\geq}7.0$ and 3.9 ng/ml), 15.6% and 18.8% for CA 19-9 (${\geq}37$ and 26.7 ng/ml), 28.1% and 9.6% for CA 72-4 (${\geq}4.0$ and 13 ng/ml) and 7.3% and 7.3% for NSE (${\geq}14.7$ and 15.0 ng/ml) in the initial staging of primary SC. The area under the curve (AUC) for CYFRA 21-1, with a value of 0.978 (95% confidence interval, 0.964-0.991) was comparatively the highest. Univariate analysis revealed significant relationships between tumor marker level and lymph node involvement, metastasis and staging with CYFRA 21-1, CA 72-4 and NSE. Conclusions: CYFRA 21-1 was the most sensitive tumor marker and showed the most powerful diagnostic performance among the five SC tumor markers. NSE and CA 72-4 are significantly related to lymph node involvement, metastasis or stage. Further evaluations are warranted to clarify the clinical usefulness and prognostic prediction of these markers in SC.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제14권12호
• /
• pp.7569-7576
• /
• 2013

Background: The purpose of this article is to present preliminary results of simultaneous boost irradiation radiotherapy for locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Methods: Fifty-eight patients who underwent simultaneous boost irradiation radiotherapy for NPC in Cancer Center of Sun Yat-sen University between September 2004 and December 2009 were eligible. Acute and late toxicities were scored weekly according to the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) acute and late radiation morbidity scoring schemes. An especial focus was on evidence of post-radiation brain injury. Also quality of life was analysed according to the EORTC (European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer) recommendations. Discrete variables were compared by ${\chi}^2$ test. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate the survival rates and generate survival curves. Results: A total of 58 patients with a mean follow-up time of 36 months completed clinical trials.Fifty-seven patients (98.3) achieved complete remission in the primary sites and cervical lymph nodes, with only one patient (1.7%) showing partial remission.The most frequently observed acute toxicities during the concurrent chemoradiotherapy were mucositis and leucopenia. Four patients (6.9%) had RTOG grade 3 mucositis, whereas four patients (6.9%) had grade 3 leucopenia. No patient had grade 4 acute toxicity. Three (5.17%) of the patients exhibited injury to the brain on routine MRI examination, with a median observation of 32 months (range, 25-42months). All of them were RTOG grade 0. The 3-year overall, regional-free and distant metastasis-free survival rates were 85%, 94% and 91%, respectively. Conclusion: Simultaneous boost irradiation radiotherapy is feasible in patients with locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The results showed excellent local control and overall survival, with no significant increase the incidence of radiation brain injury or the extent of damage. A larger population of patients and a longer follow-up period are needed to evaluate ultimate tumor control and late toxicity.