• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제60권6호
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• pp.441-449
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• 2023

With the enforcement of environmental regulations by the International Maritime Organization, the market for eco-friendly ships is expanding, and ships using electric propulsion devices are emerging as a promising solution. Many studies have been conducted to predict the failure of ships, but most of them are mainly research on the main diesel engine of ships. As the ship's propulsion method changes, new data is needed to predict the failure of electric propulsion ships. In this paper aims to analyze the failure characteristics of the electric propulsion system in consideration of the difference in the type of failure between the internal diesel engine and the electric propulsion system. The ship's propulsion unit assumed a DC motor and a signal pattern for normal conditions and general failure modes, but the failure record of the electric propulsion device operated on the actual ship was not available, so it generated a failure signal for small electric motor equipment to identify the failure signal. Assuming unbalance, misalignment, and bearing failure, which are the primary failure modes of the ship's electric motor, a failure signal was generated using a "rotator vibration data generator," and the frequency band, size, and phase difference of the measured vibration signal were analyzed to analyze the characteristics of each failure condition. Finally, the characteristics of each failure condition were identified so that the signals according to the failure type could be classified.

• 셀메드
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• 제13권14호
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• pp.19.1-19.16
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• 2023

Objectives: To compare the efficacy of polyherbal Unani formulations in heavy menstrual bleeding due to endometrial hyperplasia. Methodology: A prospective, randomized comparative trial was conducted at Govt. Nizamia Tibbi College. Group A (n=20) received Itrifal Aftimoon 5g orally BID from menstruation day 3 to day 21 plus suprapubic Marham Dakhilyun application and per vaginally Marham Dakhilyun (5g) and Roghan Gul (10ml) application from menstruation day 5 to day 14. Group B (n=20) received Gulnar Farsi (2g), Phitakri Biryan (0.25g), Dammul Aqwain (0.25g), and Geru (2g), 2.5g powder orally BID, menstruation day 3 for 20 days plus Douche Bargh Sambhalu then Ḥamūl of Safuf Mazu (2g), Kalijiri (2g) and Roghan Gul (10ml) from menstruation day 3 to day 12 for 3 consecutive cycles. The primary outcome was pelvic ultrasound findings of endometrial thickness. The secondary outcome measures were improvement in haemoglobin percentage, change in menstrual flow and menstrual pattern. The level of significance was 5%. Results and conclusion: The intragroup comparison showed that the mean endometrial thickness at baseline and after treatment in groups A and B was extremely significantly different (P<0.0001). The intragroup comparison showed the mean haemoglobin percent at baseline and after treatment in group, A was significantly different (P<0.0001). After treatment, 50% and 60% of participants had normal duration and menstrual blood loss after treatment from baseline in Groups A and B respectively. However, further, phase II and III randomized standard controlled trials in larger samples are recommended to assess the efficacy of these group medicines.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.12-20
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• 2024

This study successfully prepared high-porosity aluminosilicate fibrous porous ceramics through vacuum suction filtration using aluminosilicate fiber as the primary raw material and glass powder as binder, with the appropriate incorporation of glass fiber. The effects of the composition of raw materials and sintering process on the structure and properties of the material were studied. The results show that when the content of glass powder reached 20 wt% and the samples were sintered at the temperature of 1,000 ℃, strong bonds were formed between the binder phase and fibers, resulting in a compressive strength of 0.63 MPa. When the sintering temperatures were increased from 1,000 ℃ to 1,200, the open porosity of the samples decreased from 89.08 % to 82.38 %, while the linear shrinkage increased from 1.13 % to 10.17 %. Meanwhile, during the sintering process, a large amount of cristobalite and mullite were precipitated from the aluminosilicate fibers, which reduced the performance of the aluminosilicate fibers and hindered the comprehensive improvement in sample performance. Based on these conditions, after adding 30 wt% glass fiber and being sintered at 1,000 ℃, the sample exhibited higher compressive strength (1.34 MPa), higher open porosity (89.13 %), and lower linear shrinkage (5.26 %). The aluminosilicate fibrous porous ceramic samples exhibited excellent permeability performance due to their high porosity and interconnected three-dimensional pore structures. When the samples were filtered at a flow rate of 150 mL/min, the measured pressure drop and permeability were 0.56 KPa and 0.77 × 10^-6 m² respectively.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제54권1호
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• pp.16-25
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• 2024

Objective: To compare the effectiveness of laser-engineered copper-nickel titanium (SmartArch) and superelastic nickel-titanium (SENT) archwires in aligning teeth and inducing root resorption and pain experienced by patients. Methods: Two-arm parallel groups with a 1:1 allocation ratio were used. The participants were patients aged 11.5 years and older with 5-9 mm of mandibular anterior crowding who were indicated for non-extraction treatment. The primary outcome was alignment effectiveness, assessed using Little's irregularity index (LII) over 16 weeks with a single wire (0.016-inch) in the SmartArch group and 2 wires (0.014- and 0.018-inch) in the SENT group (8 weeks each). Secondary outcomes included root resorption evaluated by pre- and post-intervention periapical radiographs and pain levels recorded by the participants during the first week. Results: A total of 40 participants were randomly allocated into 2 groups; 33 completed the study and were analyzed (16 in the SmartArch group and 17 in the SENT group, aged 16.97 ± 4.05 years). The total LII decrease for the SmartArch and SENT groups was 5.63 mm and 5.29 mm, respectively, which was neither statistically nor clinically significant. Root resorption was not significantly different between the groups. The difference in pain levels was not statistically significant for the first 5 days following wire placement; however, there was a significant difference favoring the SENT group in the final 2 days. Conclusions: SmartArch and SENT archwires were similarly effective during the alignment phase of orthodontic treatment. Root resorption should be observed throughout the treatment with either wire. SmartArch wires demonstrated higher pain perception than SENT wires.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.55-77
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• 2024

Objectives This study aimed to analyze the registration status and characteristics of clinical trials on herbal medicine (HM) and medication interventions for simple obesity in children and adolescents. Methods All interventional clinical trials registered in the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform of the World Health Organization until December 12, 2024, were collected. The study design, interventions, inclusion and exclusion criteria, and outcome measures were extracted. Results A total of 24 clinical trials (23 medications and 1 HM) were analyzed. The most common study designs were single-center, randomized controlled, parallel, and phase 2. Placebo controls were used in 87.5% of the studies, blinding was used in 79.1%, and quadruple blinding was the most common. Informed consent was obtained from 70.8% of the participants. Among the oral medications (66.6%), metformin was the most common (25%). Among the non-oral medications (29.1%), exenatide (Bydureon) was the most common intervention (42.8%). Body mass index was the most commonly reported primary outcome measure (79.1%), with most assessments performed at 6 months. Conclusions Based on the characteristics of the medication interventional clinical trial design analyzed in this study, additional high-quality multicenter traditional Korean medicine trials need to be designed in the future.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.161-171
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• 2024

The efficient management of pain and discomfort is essential for successful dental treatment and patient compliance. Dental professionals are commonly evaluated for their ability to perform treatment with minimal patient discomfort. Despite advancements in traditional local dental anesthesia techniques, the pain and discomfort associated with injections remain a concern. This scoping review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the literature on novel dental anesthetics and associated devices designed to alleviate pain and discomfort during dental procedures. The Joanna Briggs Institute and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines were used to prepare the review. Six databases and two sources of gray literature were searched. This review analyzed 107 sources from 1994 to 2023. Local anesthesia devices were grouped into computer-controlled local anesthetic delivery (CCLAD) systems, intraosseous anesthesia (IOA), vibratory stimulation devices, and electronic dental anesthesia (EDA). CCLAD systems, particularly the Wand and Single-Tooth Anesthesia, have been the most researched, with mixed results regarding their effectiveness in reducing pain during needle insertion compared to traditional syringes. However, CCLAD systems often demonstrated efficacy in reducing pain during anesthetic deposition, especially during palatal injections. Limited studies on IOA devices have reported effective pain alleviation. Vibrating devices have shown inconsistent results in terms of pain reduction, with some studies suggesting their primary benefit is during needle insertion rather than during the administration phase. EDA devices are effective in reducing discomfort but have found limited applicability. These findings suggest that the CCLAD systems reduce injection pain and discomfort. However, the evidence for other devices is limited and inconsistent. The development and research of innovative technologies for reducing dental pain and anxiety provides opportunities for interdisciplinary collaboration and improved patient care in dental practice.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.203-218
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• 2024

Beam-column joints in the frame structure are at high risk of brittle shear failure which would lead to significant residual deformation and even the collapse of the structure during an earthquake. In order to improve the damage issue and enhance the recoverability of the beam-column joints, a sector lead rubber damper (SLRD) has been developed. The SLRD can increase the bearing capacity and energy dissipation capacity, and also demonstrating recoverability of seismic performance following cyclic loading. In this paper, the hysteretic behavior of SLRD was experimentally investigated in terms of the regular hysteretic behavior, large deformation behavior and fatigue behavior. Furthermore, a parametric analysis was performed to study the influence of the primary design parameters on the hysteretic behavior of SLRD. The results show that SLRD resist the exerted loading through the shear capacity of both rubber parts coupled with the lead cores in the pre-yielding stage of lead cores. In the post-yielding phase, it is only the rubber parts of the SLRD that provide the shear capacity while the lead cores primarily dissipate the energy through shear deformation. The SLRD possesses a robust capacity for large deformation and can sustain hysteretic behavior when subjected to a loading rotation angle of 1/7 (equivalent to 200% shear strain of the rubber component). Furthermore, it demonstrates excellent fatigue resistance, with a degradation of critical behavior indices by no more than 15% in comparison to initial values even after 30 cycles. As for the designing practice of SLRD, it is recommended to adopt the double lead core scheme, along with a rubber material having the lowest possible shear modulus while meeting the desired bearing capacity and a thickness ratio of 0.4 to 0.5 for the thin steel plate.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.179-189
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• 1984

본실험(本實驗)은 고등식물의 유년기(幼年期)를 단축시키기 위한 연구(硏究)의 일환(一環)으로, 최적환경 조건하에서 리베스(Ribes nigrum L., var. 'Rosenthals Langtraubige Schwarze')식물(植物)의 선척적 유년기(Primary Juvenile Phase)와 후천적 유년기(Secondary Juvenile Phase)간의 개화생리(開花生理) 특성(特性)을 비교(比較) 조사(調査)하므로써 리베스의 화아(花芽)유도 성숙기(Ripeness to Flower). 화아분화(花芽分化) 메카니즘, 그리고 유년기(幼年期) 생리(生理)에 관(關)한 기초자료를 얻고자 행(行)하였다. 리베스의 Primary Juvenile Stage는 7개월로써 Secondary Juvenile State 5개월 보다 다소 길었다. 화아유도 성숙기는 P.J.식물(植物)에서는 20. node였으나, S.J.-식물(植物)에서는 이미 5. node에서 도달하였다. 따라서 동등한 node를 지닌 개체간의 화아형성율(花芽形成率)은 P.J.-식물(植物)에서 S.J.-식물(植物)보다 현저히 적었다. 리베스의 화아분화(花芽分化)는 첨단생장점이 아닌 Shoot의 중앙부(中央部)에서부터 유도되며, P.J.-식물(植物)은 줄기 상부(上部) 약 30. node, S.J.-식물(植物)은 하부(下部) 약 20. node부터 시작되었다. P.J.-식물(植物)에서는 기저(基底) 20. node까지의 Shoot는 화아형성(花芽形成)이 불가능한 조직 즉 불임(不姙) Zone으로 확인된 반면, S.J.-식물(植物)은 기저에서도 가임성(可姙性)으로 꽃눈형성이 활발히 진행되었다. 자연광주기(自然光週期)에 의한 첨단 생장점의 생육억제는 S.J.-식물(植物)에서 P.J.-식물(植物)보다 훨씬 더 민감하게 자극하였다. 이러한 현상은 S.J.-식물(植物)에서 광사비어네틱자극(Photocybernetic Stimulus)을 접수하는 광수용체(Photoacceptor)가 단일(短日)조건하에서 매우 민감하게 반응하는 것으로 추리(推理)할 수 있다. Wareing et al. (1976)이 내세운 Thesis. '리베스 기저부(基底部)의 불임성(Basis Sterility)이, 높은 $GA_3$함량에 기인된다'는 주장은 본실험(本實驗)으로 부인(否認)되었다. 따라서, 응용학적(應用學的) 측면에서 고려해 볼 때, 리베스식물(植物)의 육종기간 단축을 위한 모든 화아분화(花芽分化) 촉진 조치는 P.J.-식물(植物)이 20. node이상 생육하였을 때 취하는 것이 효율적인 것으로 결론 지어진다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권10호
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• pp.5011-5017
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• 2012

Background: Overexposure to sunlight in childhood and the adolescent period and associsated sunburns significantly increase the risk of skin cancer in adulthood. In Turkey, the incidence of skin cancer in the general population is 0.8%. The incidence is 0.6% and the mortality rate is 0.4% for men, while these rates are 1.0% and 0.7%, respectively, for women. If skin cancer is found early, its treatment is facilitated. Therefore, personal skin examination is important for early diagnosis. Objectives: Our aim was to determine the effects of training for raising consciousness among adolescents to protect against skin cancer by influencing skin self examination behavior. Method: This quasi experimental intervention study was conducted between February and April 2012 in Izmir. The study population consisted of students attending $6^{th}$, $7^{th}$ and $8^{th}$ classes of a primary school (n:302). No sampling was performed. Data were collected with a form developed by the researchers based on the literature. The first part of form is aimed to determine demographic characteristics of adolescents (3 questions) and their risk status of skin cancer (6 questions). The second part was prepared for skin cancer risks of adolescents (8 questions) and indications of skin cancer (12 questions). The last part was intended to determine their knowledge about skin self examination (4 questions) and behavioral stages of skin self examination (1 question). Data collection was achieved with a questionnaire form in three phases. In the 1st phase, data about demographic characteristics of students, risk status of skin cancer, knowledge level of skin cancer and behavior stages were collected. In the $2^{nd}$ phase, skin self examination training based on the transtheoretical model was performed within the same day just after obtaining preliminary data. In the $3^{rd}$ phase, adolescents were followed up three times to establish the efficacy of the training (on the $15^{th}$ day after training program and at end of the $1^{st}$ and $2^{nd}$ months). Follow-up data were evaluated by questioning skin self examination performing behavior stages through electronic mail. Results: Half of the adolescents (50.5%) are male, and 58.4% of them are 13 years old with a mean age of $12{\pm}1.15$ years. About 29.4% of adolescents had brown hair color, 37.9% had brown/hazel eye color, 29.4% had white skin, and 47.2% had fewer than 10 moles in their body. The pretest mean score on knowledge level about risks of skin cancer was found to be $4.19{\pm}1.96$, while the post-test mean score was $6.79{\pm}1.67$ (min:0, max:8).The pretest mean score about indications of skin cancer was $7.45{\pm}3.76$, while the post-test mean score was $10.7{\pm}2.60$ (min:0, max:12). The increases were statistically significant (p<0.05). The behavior "I do not perform skin self examination regularly in every month and I do not think to perform it in the next 6 months" was reduced from 52.8 to 35.5% after training. Conclusion: The training program organized to raise consciousness among adolescents for protection against skin cancer increased the knowledge level about risks and indications of skin cancer and it also improved the behavior of performing skin self examination.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.1285-1295
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• 1997

연구배경 : 종양형성다단계 과정중의 하나인 EGFR(epidermal growth factor receptor)은 170KDa의 당단백질로서 세포막의 안팎에 걸친 수용체로서 EGF, TGF alph 의 자극에 의해서 신호전달체계의 시작을 담당한다. EGFR은 정상세포에도 존재가능하나 종양에서는 발현이 증가되어 있으며, EGFR의 발현이 높을수록 종양의 예후가 불량하리라 예측된다. 이에 저자들은 비소세포 폐암에서 EGFR의 발현을 확인하고 EGFR의 임상적 의의 특히 생존률과의 관계를 검색 하였다. 방 법 : 원발성 비소세포 폐암으로 확진받고, 외과적 절제술후 paraffin에 보관된 57례의 병리조직에서 면역 조직화학법으로 EGFR의 발현을 확인하고, EGFR과 암세포형, TNM 병기, 세포분화도, 유식세포 분석법에 의한 S 및 $G_1$ 주기비율 그리고 생존 기간과의 관계를 분석하였다. 결 과 : 1) 57례중 남녀비는 43 : 14였고, 중간 연령은 62세였다. EGFR과 생존기간과의 경향을 파악하기 위해, 종양세포중 EGFR 양성 세포가 20% 이상인 경우만을 발현군으로 하였을 때 56%에서 발현되었다. 2) EGFR의 발현은 병리조직형에 따른 차이는 없었고, TNM병기 그리고 세포의 분화도에 따른 차이도 없었다. 3) EGFR 발현군과 비발현군에서의 S-주기비율은 22.3(${\pm}10.5$)%, 18.0(${\pm}10.9$)% 였고, $G_1$-주기비율은 68.4(${\pm}11.6$)%, 71.1(${\pm}12.8$)%로서 모두 양군간의 유의한 차이는 없었다. 4) EGFR 발현군과 비발현군에서의 1년 생존률은 66%, 96%, 2년 생존률은 53%, 84%, 3년 생존률은 38%, 66%였고 중간 생존기간은 26개월, 53개월로서 유의한 차이가 있었다. 결 론 : 비소세포 폐암에서 EGFR은 56%에서 발현되었으며, 조직병리형, TNM 병기, 세포분화도에 따른 발현의 차이는 없었다. 발현군과 비발현군에서의 S 및 $G_1$ 주기비율은 차이가 없었다. EGFR 발현군과 비발현군의 2년 생존률은 53%, 84%였으며, 중간 생존기간은 26개월, 53개월이었다 (p<0.05). 즉 결과적으로 EGFR 발현이 높을수록 생존기간은 불량하여 예후추정인자로서의 이용이 가능하리라 판단된다.