• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.287-292
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• 2006

Protective effects of the water extract of Protaetia brevitarsis larva against $CCl_4-induced$ toxicity were investigated in primary cultures of adult rat hepatocytes. The extract used in these studies contained several minerals, fatty acids and amino acids. Treatment of hepatocyte cultures with the extract provided a significant protection from the increased LDH activity induced by $CCl_4$. The results demonstrated that the extract may have the protective effect against $CCl_4-induced$ toxicity in hepatocyte cultures.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.37-45
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• 1988

Primary cultures of adult rat hepatocytes were used to study in vitro cytotoxic effects of T-2 toxin on liver cells. When T-2 toxin was added to the culture, a significant depression of the hormonal induction of ${\alpha}$-aminoisobutyric acid (AIB) uptake and tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT) activity was observed. However, T-2 toxin did not affect the uptake of ouabain into hepatocytes. Protein synthesis was inhibited by T-2 toxin, but RNA synthesis was not severely affected. The inhibitory effects of T-2 toxin on protein synthesis was diminished rapidly with culture time and the hepatocytes culture maintained control level of protein synthesis within 24 hrs.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.51-56
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• 1995

To devise an in vitro screening method for antihepatotoxic activity, $CCl_4-induced$ cytotoxicities in primary cultures rat hepatocytes were examined. When rat hepatocytes were intoxicated with 0.5, 1.0 or 1.5 mM $CCl_4$ for 1.5, 3 or 19hr, in order of LDH>GOT>GPT release form hepatocytes was increased in a dose-dependent manner. Treatment with 1.5 mM $CCl_4$ for 1.5 hr showed maximum increase in activity of LDH, GOT or GPT released in the medium compared with the control. At this experimental condition, well known antihepatotoxic substances, glycyrrhizin and silybin markedly inhibited $CCl_4-induced$ cytotoxicities. These results demonstrated that the screening method using $CCl_4-induced$ injury in primary cultured rat hepatocytes might be suitable in vitro assay for antihepatotoxic activity.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.56-61
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• 2008

The hepatoprotective effects of the water extracts of Hovenia dulcis Thunb (HD) were investigated in vitro. Following the induction of hepatotoxicity by ethanol in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes, the protective effects of four different water extracts of HD were determined through serial dose-response and time-dependent studies. The individual extracts used in these studies were prepared from fruits, seeds, leaves and tubes. Treatment of hepatocyte cultures with the water extracts of HD provided a significant protection from the increased lactate dehydrogenase activity induced by ethanol. Particularly, the fruits extract was the most effective against ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity in the primary cultures of rat hepatocytes. The results demonstrated that the extracts might have the protective effect against ethanol-induced toxicity in hepatocyte cultures.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 1986

Procarcinogen induced DNA single-strand breaks and unschduled DNA synthesis were measured in primary rat hepatocytes culture. For DNA single-strand breaks assay, rat liver DNA was prelabeled by injection 3H-thymidine during the peak of DNA synthesis following partial hepatectomy. Hepatocytes were isolated from the rat 2 weeks after surgery by a collagenase perfusion techinique and maintained as monolayers in serum free medium on collagen-coated culture dishes. DNA sigle-strand breaks were measured by the alkaline elution techinique.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.73-80
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• 1987

Primary cultures of adult rat hepatocytes were used to study the cytotoxicity of D-galactosamine. Hepatocytes were isolated by a collagenase perfusion technique and maintained as monolayers in serum-free medium on collagen-coated culture dishes. Treatment of galactosamine to the culture markedly inhibited the uptake of ${\alpha}$-aminoisobutyric acid (AIB) inducible with glucagon and dexamethasone. At0.1 mM of galactosamine, AIB uptake was inhibited significantly when treated for 12 hr. At higher doses (0.25, 0.5 and 1.0mM), a significant inhibition was noticed after 1 hr exposure. Generally the magnitude of the inhibition was related to the dose and treatment time of galactosamine. Treatment of galactosamine also produced a dose- and treatment time-related suppression of the tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT) induction caused by dexamethasone. Meanwhile, uptake of ouabain was not affected by the treatment of galactosamine. The viability of the hepatocytes was decreased only slightly by the treatment of galactosamine; more than 87% of the cells excluded tryphane blue when treated 1 mM galactosamine for 12 hr. Galactosamine induced depressions of AIB uptake and TAT activity were prevented by the simultaneous addition of uridine to the culture. D-Galactosamine, cytotoxicity, hepatocytes culture, ${\alpha}$-aminoisobutyric acid uptake, tyrosine aminotransferase.

• Proceedings of the Ginseng society Conference
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• 1998.06a
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• pp.263-269
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• 1998

It is an established fact that most of the carcinogens implicate bay-region diol epoxides as the ultimate carcinogenic metabolites. These electrophiles react with nucleophilic sites in the cells to form abducts. It is the formation of carcinogenic-DNA adducts that is thought to initiate carcinogenesis. In our previous study we have reported chemopreventive property of Ginseng on 7,12-dimethylbenz (a)anthracene (DMBA) induced skin papillomagenesis in male Swiss albino mice. In this study we have examined the effect on formation of DMBA-DNA adducts in rat hepatocytes pretreated with ginseng. Primary cultures of rat hepatocytes were used. The cells wets treated with ginseng for 24 hrs and then with DMBA (iOn) for 18 hrs. Cells were then harvested, their DNA was isolated and analyzed by P)2 labelling. A significant reduction in the levels of DMBA-DNA adduces (adducts/108 nucleotides) was observed in all cultures pretreated with ginseng. The viability of cells was not affected by pre-treatment with ginseng. Our finding suggests that ginseng block or suppresses the events associated with chemical carcinogenesis by inhibiting metabolic activation of the carcinogens.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 1987

In vitro induction of cytochrome 450 associated monooxygenase activities by phenobarbital (PB) and 3-methylcholanthrene (MC) was investigated in primary cultures of adult rat hepatocytes. PB and MC were added to the culture 24 hr after the initial plating of hepatocytes. A signiftcant increase of the activities of 7-ethoxycoumarin 0-deethylase and aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase were observed in MC and PB treated culture. MC caused about 500% induction of the initial oxidation rates of both enzymes in 48 hr. However the PB maintained both enzyme activities close to the level of freshly isolated hepatocytes. Biphenyl 4-hydroxylase and aminopyrine N-demethylase activities were also induced by MC and PB. But the level of induction was less than that occuring with 7-ethoxycoumarin 0-deethylase and aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase. When aflatoxin $B_1$ was added to the hepatocyte cultures which have been treated with MC or PB, it caused a significant increase of the unscheduled DNA synthesis at higher dose of aflatoxin $B_1$ as compared to those of untreated control hepatocyte cultures. The results suggest that microsomal enzyme activities can be selectively controlled preferably in hepatocyte cultures by the in vitro induction method. This principle may be useful for studying the metabolism and other toxicological studies.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.499-503
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• 1993

Betaine, a major component of Lycii Fructus, was evaluated for its anti-hepatotoxic activity on carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in primary cultured rat hepatocytes. Betaine was found to attenuate carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity both morphologically and biochemically. Typical hepatocyte necrosis due to carbon tetrachloride seemed to be reduced by 50 to 500 $\mu{M}$ of betaine under microscopical observation. The value of glutamic pyruvic transaminase released from the hepatocytes into the medium significantly decreased as betaine concentration increased. Betaine also significantly elevated the reduced activities of some enzymes, cytochrome P-450, 7-ethoxycoumarin-0-deethylase and glutathione-S-transferase, involved in xenobiotic metabolism due to carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity. These results demonstrate a possible hepato-protective role of betaine against fatty liver that could be easily induced by carbon tetrachloride.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.167-175
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• 1993

Protective effects of dithiol malonate derivatives (DMDs), YH-100, YH-150 and YH-439 on carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity were investigated in primary rat hepatocytes culture. Treatment of DMDs to hepatocytes culture did not affect total cytochrome P-450 content and ECOD and AHH activities. Protein and RNA synthesis was also similar to control. Meanwhile, DMDs significantly decreased LDH release and in vitro lipid peroxidation induced by $CCI_4$. Accumulation of cellular triglyceride and decreased secretion of VLDL from liver cells by $CCI_4$ treatment were also significantly protected.