• Toxicological Research
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.507-513
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to clarify the effect of silica on cytosolic free calcium mobilization and cell injury in primary cultured rat hepatocytes. Cytosolic free calcium concentration ([Ca$^{2+}$]) was measured employing calcium sensitive fluorescent dye, Fura-2 / AM, and cell injury was evaluated by determination of cellular ATP contents. Silica increased [Ca$^{2+}$], in a concentration-dependent manner in hepatocytes (10$^{-5}$ ~10$^{-2}$ M). Silica caused a biphasic increase in [Ca$^{2+}$], which was composed of an initial rapid rise and following sustained phase. $Ca^{2+}$ removal from the medium resulted in abolishment of initial and sustained phase of silica (10$^{-2}$ M)-induced [Ca$^{2+}$], in hepatocytes. The pretreatment with nifedipine (1 $\mu$M) attenuated silica-induced [Ca$^{2+}$], increases. Silica decreased cellular ATP contents in a dose-dependent manner. This silica-induced cell injury was attenuated by the pretreatment with EGTA (100 $\mu$M) and nifedipine (1 $\mu$M). This study suggests that the elevation of [Ca$^{2+}$], caused by silica may be due mainly to influx through a plasma membrane $Ca^{2+}$ channel and hepatotoxicity by silica relate with alteration of calcium homeostasis.ium homeostasis.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.1069-1076
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• 2007

DOCSIS 3.0 프로토콜은 채널-결합 기법을 기반으로 케이블망에서 망을 고도화하기 위해 제안된 표준이다. DOCSIS 프로토콜을 사용하는 망에서 망을 구성하는 CM과 CMTS간의 데이터 전송은 MAP 메시지를 통해 대역 요청과 전송 대역 할당을 받아 양방향 전송을 하기 때문에, MAP의 전송주기는 망 성능의 핵심적인 요소가 된다. 하지만 현재 표준안에서는 MAP의 구성요소와 용도에 대한 정의만 언급하고 있고, MAP 메시지의 전송주기에 대한 정의는 언급되어 있지 않다. 본 논문에서는 DOCSIS 3.0 기반의 케이블망에서 MAP 전송주기 에 따른 프로토콜의 성능을 평가하기 위해 OPNET을 통해 시뮬레이터를 개발하고, MAP 전송주기에 따른 망의 성능을 분석하였다. 성능 평가 결과 MAP 전송주기는 0.05sec일 때 최적의 망성능을 보임을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구의 결과는 DOCSIS 3.0 기반 케이블 망의 구축을 위한 중요한 성능 요소로 사용될 수 있다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제18권12호
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• pp.1274-1280
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• 1997

The photodissociation dynamics of CH2I2 has been studied at 304 nm by state-selective photofragment translational spectroscopy. Velocity distributions, anisotropy parameters, and relative quantum yields are obtained for the ground I(2P3/2) and spin-orbit excited state I*(2P1/2) iodine atoms, which are produced from photodissociation of CH2I2 at this wavelength. These processes are found to occur via B1 ← A1 type electronic transitions. The quantum yield of I*(2P1/2) is determined to be 0.25, indicating that the formation of ground state iodine is clearly the favored dissociation channel in the 304 nm wavelength region. From the angular distribution of dissociation products, the anisotropy parameters are determined to be β(I)=0.4 for the I(2P3/2) and β(I*)=0.55 for the I*(2P1/2) which substantially differ from the limiting value of 1.13. The positive values of anisotropy parameter, however, show that the primary processes for I and I* formation channels proceed dominantly via a transition which is parallel to I-I axis. The above results are interpreted in terms of dual path formation of iodine atoms from two different excited states, i.e., a direct and an indirect dissociation via curve crossing between these states. The translational energy distributions of recoil fragments reveal that a large fraction of the available energy goes into the internal excitation of the CH2I photofragment; < Eint > /Eavl=0.80 and 0.82 for the I and I* formation channels, respectively. The quantitative analysis for the energy partitioning of available energy into the photofragments is used to compare the experimental results with the prediction of direct impulsive model for photodissociation dynamics.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.490-498
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• 2009

This study attempted to examine the profitability and marketing costs of seed potato under contract farming system of BADC (Bangladesh Agricultural Development Corporation) with the help of primary and secondary data. Total 45 contract farmers were randomly selected. Attempts were made to calculate costs, returns and profitability of seed potato production under contract farming system, and to identify marketing channels of seed potato. The field level data were collected by a farm survey during the months of April 2005 through direct interviews with contract farmers and registered dealers using a structure survey questionnaire. The results showed that the gross return per hectare was Tk. 252,464 for all categories of farms. Cost of seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, irrigation and human labor were critical inputs for profitability of seed potato. Cobb-Douglas production function analysis was used to determine the effects of the key variables to seed potato production under contract farming system. The elasticity of seed potato production was at 0.727 for all categories of farms. The findings exhibited that the summation of elasticity of different inputs for seed potato production was less than one, implying that the production function exhibited decreasing returns to scale. Registered dealers and Upazila Sales Centers were involved in seed potato marketing formed a straightforward marketing channel. The total marketing costs of registered dealers were Tk. 759.49 per ton of seed potato. The net marketing margin of registered dealers was estimated at Tk. 465.51 per ton of seed potato. The selected contract farmers and registered dealers faced a number of problems and some of recommendations were suggested.

• 한국방재학회 논문집
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.191-200
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• 2011

제방의 붕괴로 인하여 인명 및 재산상의 막대한 피해가 발생한다. 제방의 붕괴는 월류 및 침식에 의한 붕괴가 대부분을 차지하고 있으나 이에 대한 분석이 제대로 이루어지지 않고 있다. 사행하천에서의 흐름특성은 하천제방과 관련하여 실용적인 관점에서 연구하여야 하는 하천 수리학에서는 중요한 주제이다. 사행하천에서는 회전방향이 교호적으로 바뀌는 나선형의 흐름(2차류)이 3차원적으로 발생하는 것으로 알려져 있다.. 이에 본 연구에서는 2차원 CCHE2D모형과 3차원 FLOW3D모형을 이용하여 하천 만곡부에서의 흐름특성을 분석하고자 하였다. 가상 하도에 대하여 수리모형 실험의 실측치와 비교하여 모형의 정확성과 안정성을 검증하였다. 그리고 모형의 적용성 검토를 위해 남강댐 하류에 대하여 만곡부의 흐름특성(유속분포 및 최대유속경로, 수위분포, 2차류 거동, 편수위, 전단응력 분포 등)을 분석하였다. 그 결과 하천 만곡부에서의 수리적 특성을 보다 정확하게 제시할 수 있었으며 하천의 제방 안정성 평가시 사행하천에 관한 수리적 특성을 효율적으로 활용하고자 한다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.371-375
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• 2019

Developing a thin-film transistor with characteristics such as a large area, high mobility, and high reliability are key elements required for the next generation on displays. In this paper, we have investigated the research trends related to improving the reliability of oxide-semiconductor-based thin-film transistors, which are the primary focus of study in the field of optical displays. It has been reported that thermal treatment in a high-pressure oxygen atmosphere reduces the threshold voltage shift from -7.1 V to -1.9 V under NBIS. Additionally, a device with a $SiO_2/Si_3N_4$ dual-structure has a lower threshold voltage (-0.82 V) under NBIS than a single-gate-insulator-based device (-11.6 V). The dual channel structure with different oxygen partial pressures was also confirmed to have a stable threshold voltage under NBIS. These can be considered for further study to improve the NBIS problem.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보통신학회 2016년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.197-199
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• 2016

최근 약 10년 동안, 인지무선환경에서 1차사용자와 2차사용자간의 스펙트럼 공유를 시장 (market) 논리와 접목시키는 연구들이 활발하게 진행되어 왔다. 즉, 1차사용자가 자신이 소유하고 있는 주파수 자원을 2차사용자에게 금전적 보상을 받고 대여하는 형태를 고려하는 것이다. 그리고, 이에 대한 시장의 평형 (market equilibrium)을 이론적으로 제시하는 것이 그 연구들의 주요 목표이다. 우리는 이 논문에서, 1차사용자들은 2차사용자들에게 자신들의 유휴 채널의 사용권을 대여 또는 판매하는데, 1차사용자들은 허용가능한 간섭의 양을 정해놓고, 2차사용자가 그 간섭의 양을 초과하게 되면 금전적인 보상을 받는 시장 모델을 고려한다. 그리고, 각 2차사용자는 자신들이 1차사용자들에게 지급할 수 있는 예산에는 제한이 있는 상황도 추가 고려한다. 2차사용자의 재화는 자유공간상에서 획득 가능한 전송률이고 1차사용자의 재화는 금전적인 순이득 (net profit)이다. 우리는 이러한 인지무선네트워크 시장을 확장된 Fischer 마켓으로 모델링하고, Eisenberg-Gale convex program을 통해 마켓 균형을 찾는 방법을 제안한다.

• 한국항만경제학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.75-91
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• 2021

최근 제4차산업 혁명의 적용으로 물류비 절감을 위한 공급사슬 측면의 경쟁이 더욱 치열해지면서 항만전문가들은 효율적인 항만운영 비즈니스모델을 개발에 관심이 집중되어 있다. 본 연구는 세계 여러 항만 중 미국 항만 물류량이 많은 항만을 분석하여 적용 모델을 구성하고자 한다. 본 연구는 주로 미국 항만의 생산성을 연구하기 위해 DEA(Data Enclapment Analysis) 기법을 사용하였으며 미국 항만 운영의 성장 동력을 추가 조사하기 위해 Simar & Wilson(2007)이 제안한 이중 부트스트래핑 DEA 알고리즘을 적용했다. 본 연구에 사용된 외부 변수는 항만의 길이, 항만의 심도, 위치, 면적, 에이커, 외화 비율 및 TEUChange에 포함되며, 이 중 항만의 길이, 에이커, 외화 비율 및 TEUChange에 유의했다. 최적 방법론 선택의 효과를 평가하기 위해 관측 중단 모형(Tobit)을 적용하여 동일한 분석을 수행하고 서로 다른 두 기법에서 도출된 결과를 대조하였다. 본 연구에서 얻은 결과를 바탕으로 경영상의 시사점을 제안하고 결론을 도출하였다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.1392-1413
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• 2022

In order to meet the rapid development of the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) communication needs, cooperative spectrum sensing (CSS) helps to identify unused spectrum for the primary users (PU). However, multi-UAV mode (MUM) requires the large communication resource in a cognitive UAV network, resulting in a severe decline of spectrum efficiency (SE) and energy efficiency (EE) and increase of energy consumption (EC). On this account, we extend the traditional 2D spectrum space to 3D spectrum space for the UAV network scenario and enable UAVs to proceed with spectrum sensing behaviors in this paper, and propose a novel multi-slot mode (MSM), in which the sensing slot is divided into multiple mini-slots within a UAV. Then, the CSS process is developed into a composite hypothesis testing problem. Furthermore, to improve SE and EE and reduce EC, we use the sequential detection to make a global decision about the PU channel status. Based on this, we also consider a truncation scenario of the sequential detection under the sensing delay constraint, and further derive a closed-form performance expression, in terms of the CSS performance and cooperative efficiency. At last, the simulation results verify that the performance and cooperative efficiency of MSM outperforms that of the traditional MUM in a low EC.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.151-157
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• 2023

The purpose of this study was to develop an assist device that could correct and support patient position during biopsy on computed tomography (CT) using 3D printing technology. The development method was conducted in the order of 3D design, 3D output, intermediate evaluation for product, final assist device evaluation. The 3D design method was conducted in the order of prior research data survey, measurement, primary modeling, 3D printing, output evaluation, and supplementary modeling. The 3D output was the 3D printer (3DWOX 2X, Sindoh, Korea) with additive manufacturing technology and the polylactic acid (PLA) materials. At this time, the optimal strength was evaluated to infill degree of product as the 3D printing factors into 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80%. The intermediate evaluation and supplementation was measured noise in the region of interest (ROI) around the beam hardening artifact on the CT images. We used 128-channel MDCT (Discovery 75 HD, GE, USA) to scan with a slice thickness of 100 kVp, 150 mA, and 2.5 mm on the 3D printing product. We compared the surrounding noise of the final 3D printing product with the beginning of it. and then the strength of it according to the degree of infill was evaluated. As a result, the surrounding noise of the final and the early devices were measured at an average of 3.3 ± 0.5 HU and 7.1 ± 0.1 HU, respectively, which significantly reduced the noise of the final 3D printing product (p<0.001). We found that the percentage of infill according to the optimal strength was found to be 60%. Finally, development of assist devices for CT biopsy will be able to minimize artifacts and provide convenience to medical staff and patients.