• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.49-61
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• 2019

As the technological gap amongst manufacturers decreases, the life cycle of products has shortened, and competition accelerates due to the development of technology, incumbent manufacturing companies face growth limitations. In order to overcome such business issues, manufacturing companies are increasingly interested in changes in business models and innovations, especially in the direction of providing services where they can maintain the competitive advantage of their products. In such context, this empirical study examines managerial leadership, differentiation strategies, and products and services pricing as 'servitization factors', which can be driving forces for moving into a new era of growth for Korean SMEs, focusing on the mediating effects of servitization competency. The results are as follows : First, it was confirmed that executive leadership, differentiation strategy, and information & communication technology capability have a direct effect on service sales. Second, the process competency, partnership competency, and ICT competency, which are presented as the service competence of SMEs, were found to play an important role in inducing service sales in managerial leadership, differentiation strategy, product and services pricing. It also emphasized the role of the public policy such as helping to foster SMEs as key partners in the expansion of social facilities and establishing platforms through ICT and data utilization for the convergence of manufacturing services.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.234-252
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• 2010

This paper examines the tendency of housing assets to become increasingly quasi-financial assets by analyzing the relationships between risks and returns in three Gangnam districts (Gangnam-gu, Seocho-gu and Songpa-gu) apartment markets in Seoul, especially for the apartments to be reconstructed, capitalizing upon some capital asset pricing models (CAPM). A single factor CAPM model shows positive relationships between risks and returns regardless of the types of apartments in three Gangnam districts. Multi-factors CAPM models also confirm that the market and SMB (small minus big) factors are positively related to the rate of returns regardless of the types of apartments. However, the unsystematic risk factor is found to be statistically positive especially for the apartments to be reconstructed, while the momentum factor is dependent upon the regression models used. An analysis on some portfolios classified by the size of apartments and price volatility and/or beta values suggests that there are the positive linear relationships between risks and returns and the SMB factor is clearly found to be significant in determining the rate of returns. In particular, housing assets are highly highlighted as investment goods and/or quasi financial assets for the apartments to be constructed in the Gangnam housing.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.231-240
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• 2015

This study empirically analyzed the relationship between the franchise pc game rooms selection behavior and revisit, recommendations. Select Properties from the franchise pc game rooms store is ease of access, computer specifications, pleasant environment, brand power and pricing strategy. Korean franchise industry is in spite of the short history of just over 30 years growing very fast. Especially pc game rooms store is 14,782 in 2012 years, pc game rooms store is operated by franchise form 10.6%, 87.9% operated by private, co-operation was confirmed at 1.5%. Conclusions are as follows. First, factors that significantly affect the degree of revisit has been identified as computer specifications, pleasant environment, brand power. Second, the recommendation is an important factor of the computer specifications, brand power, pricing strategy. Finally, franchise pc game rooms successful strategy has excellent computer's specifications, it needs a promotion strategy to attract pc game tournaments to be notified of brand power. We can also see that running is an important factor in a pleasant environment and a flexible pricing strategy.

• 한국경영정보학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.454-471
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• 2008

This study suggests the dynamic pricing model which reveals the organic relationship between ASP (Application Service Provider) price and the related factors, using system dynamics methodology. Basically, we applied the law of supply and demand for analyzing price changes. Then, we deducted ASP price, focusing on fixed cost and variable cost. We also researched the customer's buying behavior according to version differentiation policy. In the version policy, we set up the proposition about customer's satisfaction and willingness-to-pay, using option system. As a result, this research designed the simulation model which analyzes the changes of the sales according to version differentiations and customer's willingness-to-pay. Through this research, we can find effective version differentiation strategies. This paper also found that the larger the number of package, the greater the demand and customer's willingness-to-pay. The increase of the number of package causes the increase of the sales. The increase of the sale is not exactly relative to the number of package. Drawing S-curve, the sales was increased. This dynamic pricing model suggests the ground that the ASP price changes based on the existing version differentiation theory and the demand of customers can affect the changes of the sales. We expect that this model suggests a clear standard of ASP pricing by combining real cases.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.513-522
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• 2016

We propose a mechanism for monitoring load in quality of service (QoS)-enabled wireless networks and show how it can be used for network management as well as for dynamic pricing. Mobile network traffic, especially video, has grown exponentially over the last few years and it is anticipated that this trend will continue into the future. Driving factors include the availability of new affordable, smart devices, such as smart-phones and tablets, together with the expectation of high quality user experience for video as one would obtain at home. Although new technologies such as long term evolution (LTE) are expected to help satisfy this demand, the fact is that several other mechanisms will be needed to manage overload and congestion in the network. Therefore, the efficient management of the expected huge data traffic demands is critical if operators are to maintain acceptable service quality while making a profit. In the current work, we address this issue by first investigating how the network load can be accurately monitored and then we show how this load metric can then be used to provide creative pricing plans. In addition, we describe its applications to features like traffic offloading and user satisfaction tracking.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.15 no.4 s.48
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• pp.256-276
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• 2006

Transmission congestion is one of the key factors to local market power in competitive electricity markets. Financial transmission rights provide the financia] protection to their holders by paying back the congestion rent. A variety researches have shown that the existing trading mechanisms on transmission right can exacerbate market power. This paper proposes an alternative methodology in mitigating the local market power using the Contingent Transmission Rights on the locational marginal pricing scheme. The proposed methodology was demonstrated with the Optimal Power Flow.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.81-89
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to analyze the information effect about the pricing using the ETF price, the benchmark index, and the total tracking error between the ETF price and the benchmark index on the index ETF market and sector ETF markets. Furthermore, the total tracking error is distinguished between the market tracking error and the NAV tracking error. Summary of this study are as follows: First, While KODEX200 don't have impact factors on the price, the most sectors of ETF have the factors affecting the pricing decision. They are the day before the total tracking error or market tracking error. Second, for the ETF price of the most industry, we find that the day before the market tracking error have the price discovery function because it is a negative(-) coefficients. But NAV tracking error could not find such a feature. Finally, the sector ETF price of energy chemical, construction, IT, and semiconductor industries affected of the day before positive(+) impact by the benchmark index price.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.987-998
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• 2016

Auto insurance is an insurance product that requires the proper application of pricing techniques due to intense market competition and the rate regulations of financial authorities. Especially, population change according to aging and rating faction segmentation mainly affect the pricing process. This study suggests a pricing optimization methodology through the proper estimation of age factors. To properly estimate the future distribution of age factor, age change, renewal and conversion of customers are considered as main effects for the optimization of estimation and application. The properness and effectiveness for the suggested method will be proved by a comparison of results applied (one for current distribution and the other for future distribution) at the off-balance process. This study suggests an appropriate risk estimation methodology based on optimization that uses the proper estimation of future distribution to protect from the over or under estimation of risk.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.118-133
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• 2020

Research interest in the Mobility-as-a-Service (MaaS) concept for enhancing users' mobility experience is increasing. In particular, dynamic pricing techniques based on reinforcement learning have emerged since adjusting prices based on the demand is expected to help mobility services, such as taxi and car-sharing services, to gain more profit. This paper provides a simulation framework that considers more practical factors, such as demand density per location, preferred prices, the distance between users and drivers, and distance to the destination that critically affect the probability of matching between the users and the mobility service providers (e.g., drivers). The aforementioned new practical features are reflected on a data structure referred to as the Matching Matrix. Using an efficient algorithm of computing the probability of matching between the users and drivers and given a set of precisely identified high-demand locations using HDBSCAN, this study developed a better reward function that can gear the reinforcement learning process towards finding more realistic dynamic pricing policies.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers A
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• v.55 no.8
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• pp.341-350
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• 2006

This paper presents a new methodology to draw the components of locational marginal price (LMP) in electricity market. Recently, the changing environments surrounding electricity industries resulted in the unbundled services provided by electricity market players, which may require the new pricing mechanisms based on the LMP. The changed pricing mechanisms will provide the price signals of time and location to the market participants. Most of the existing studies of LMP are based on the Lagrangian multipliers as shadow prices to evaluate the equivalent values of constraints or factors for security, reliability and quality. However, the shadow prices cannot provide enough information for components of LMP. In this paper, therefore, we proposed a new approach that LMP is divided into three components. To do this, we first present the method for shadow prices calculation and then break down LMP into a variety of parts corresponding to the concerned factors. The proposed approach is applied to 5-bus and modified IEEE 14-bus sample system in order to verify its validity.