• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.33-43
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• 2014

Goods, services and construction works needed by central government entities, local government entities, and other public institutions are procured with national budget. For efficient budget execution, Article 9 Paragraph 1 of the Enforcement Decree of the Act on Contracts to Which the State is a Party (hereinafter "State Contract Act") provides for the criteria for determining estimated price. Sub-paragraph 2 of the paragraph provides for the "determination of estimated price by cost calculation". On this legal basis, pricing criteria for the determination of estimated price, based on the project purpose, are announced by responsible authorities. This study analyzes the pricing criteria for technology services and proposes a price calculation methodology that can ensure transparency, as a practical improvement for more rational and efficient budget execution in the public sector.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.84-98
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• 2003

This research objective is to determine the optimal price break points for n­block tariff, because comparing non­linear pricing with uniform pricing on the basis of profit, n­block tariff outperforms two­part tariff, all unit discount price schedule, and uniform pricing. Although the merits of non­linear pricing are well documented, the attempt to practice the non-linear pricing in medical service sector has been relatively rare. The determination of the parameters under n­block tariff is the interesting decision making agenda for marketers. Under n­block tariff, the marketers should decide the optimal price break points and the optimal marginal price for each price zone. The results can be summarized as follows: The researchers found that mixture model can be the feasible methodology for determining the optimal number of n­block tariff and identifying the optimal segmentation criteria. We demonstrate the feasibility and the superiority of the mixture model by applying it to the database of medical examination. The results appear that the number of patients per month can be the optimal segmentation variable. And 6­block tariff is the optimal price break for this medical service.

• Korean Architects
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• s.655
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• pp.18-21
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• 2023

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.43-70
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• 2015

Concerns have been growing about whether domestic internet protocol television (IPTV) can establish a solid foothold in the pay TV market, largely because of the lack of IPTV-only content and service differentiation. It has been difficult for IPTV providers to attract valuable PPs (program providers) to strengthen their positions, and IPTV providers have invested much money into procuring content. To survive this difficult situation, IPTV providers need to reappraise their profit sharing methods and content distribution structure to facilitate the expansion of their subscriber base. This can be done by attracting valuable PPs to IPTV providers and securing extra revenue by distributing more content for their PP partners. The IPTV industry has a different structure and value chain from the digital cable industry. Moreover, profit sharing schemes among participants in the IPTV industry are complicated. Thus it is essential to analyze the criteria for profit sharing, the selection of attributes in profit sharing, and their cause-effect relationship in developing fair pricing for broadcast content in the IPTV industry. This study introduces the attributes that need to be considered for the pricing of content and profit sharing among IPTV providers and PPs. In addition, this study uses system dynamics to analyze the relationship among those attributes along with additional associated factors for the pricing of content.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.51-64
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to compare shopping orientations and purchase criteria according to the occupational status; professionals, non-professionals, and homemakers among female consumers. Subjects were selected from mailing lists through a random sampling technique in the United States. Collection of the research data was made using an adaptation of the Total Design Method for implementing mail surveys. ANOVA, Regression, and Duncan Test were used to conduct the data analysis on 254 out of 1000 questionnaires. The three job status showed significant differences in 5 shopping orientations(sex role oriented, fashion conscious, credit oriented, catalog oriented, and value oriented). Even after controlling the effect of income and education level, significant differences were noticed in 4 shopping orientations, the exception being value conscious. Brand, price, and country of origin among the job status groups also showed significant differences in results for purchase criteria.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2014.10a
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• pp.75-78
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• 2014

Discussion of the validity of the software price has been constantly followed in it. For interests friendly relations between the supply provider and consumers, suitable pricing logic is required to convince each other in the market. However, in reality, not only there is no exact calculation standard of the factors that determine the price still, and also lack understanding of the factors. The fact is that by this, each supply company has a software pricing by different criteria, so consumers keep questioning It's a reasonable price. In this paper, it is intended to analyze a variety of factors that influence to the software price and base on this determine a reasonable price formula model of software packages.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.170-176
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• 2018

Laboratory inspection and diagnosis is a means of investigating and assessing various hazards or the state of research equipment in a laboratory, then taking appropriate safety measures to prevent accidents and injury. In many cases, laboratory inspection and diagnosis carried out by agencies are performed in a perfunctory manner that only barely satisfies the legal requirements. The aim of the present study is to provide clearly established pricing criteria for laboratory inspection and diagnosis, so as to prevent recurrence of laboratory accidents and to establish a safe laboratory environment. In order to clarify previously unclear matters, such as the lower limit for bids submitted by laboratory inspection and diagnosis agencies, technical manpower requirements, and number of laboratories inspected and diagnosed per day, a questionnaire survey was administered to agency personnel. First, when asked what the lower limit for bids submitted by agencies should be in order to improve reliability of inspection and diagnosis results and make up for the shortcomings of the lowest-bidder-wins system, 85.5% of respondents answered that the lower limit for bids should stand at no lower than 90% of the estimated price. The level of technical expertise among the technical personnel committed to laboratory inspection and diagnosis was shown to impact the reliability of results, and questionnaire results indicated a need to vary technical expertise levels depending on the degree of hazard, substances handled, and equipment used in a given laboratory. Level of technical expertise(67.1%) and number of personnel(52.6%) were shown to have a greater impact on reliability of diagnosis than on reliability of inspection. According to the results, it is determined that three persons(specialist, advanced and intermediate) should be committed to inspections, while four persons(professional, specialist, advanced and intermediate) should be committed to diagnoses. The respondents indicated a larger number of laboratories could be inspected than diagnosed per day. This can be attributed to differences in the amount of work each task involves, and the time each task takes. Assuming a six-hour work day not counting transportation, paperwork and rest, it is thought that inspection of up to 36 laboratories will be possible if each laboratory is assigned no more than 10 minutes(34.7%), while up to 24 laboratories could be inspected and diagnosed if each laboratory is assigned 15 to 20 minutes(35.1%).

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.68 no.3
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• pp.405-415
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• 2019

The considerations of the electrical device' characteristics and the customers' satisfaction have been important criteria for efficient smart grid systems. In general, an electrical device is classified into a non-interruptible device or an interruptible device. The consideration of the type is an essential information for the efficient smart grid scheduling. In addition, customers' scheduling preferences or satisfactions have to be considered simultaneously. However, the existing research studies failed to consider both criteria. This paper proposes a new and efficient smart grid scheduling framework considering both criteria. The framework consists of two modules - 1) A day-head smart grid scheduling algorithm and 2) Real-time sudden demand negotiation framework. The first method generates the smart grid schedule efficiently using an embedded genetic algorithm with the consideration of the device's characteristics. Then, in case of sudden electrical demands, the second method generates the more efficient real-time smart grid schedules considering both criteria. In order to show the effectiveness of the proposed framework, comparisons with the existing relevant research studies are provided under various electricity demand scenarios.

• Journal of KIISE:Information Networking
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.94-98
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• 2010

In this paper, we formalize a new adaptive online price control scheme based on the Stackelberg game model. By using the hierarchical interaction strategy, control decisions in each mechanism act cooperatively and collaborate with each other to satisfy conflicting performance criteria. In addition, our dynamic online approach is practical for real network implementation. With a simulation study, the proposed scheme can adaptively adjust the network price to approximate an optimized solution under widely diverse network situations.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.661-670
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• 2016

In 2000, post-construction evaluation was introduced for the purposes to evaluate demand, cost, and construction period of public construction projects and to reduce errors of public order agencies. However, pricing guide of post-construction evaluation has not been established, which becomes a cause of quality degradation of post-construction service and conflict occurrence. This study suggests the pricing guide in the form of percentage of construction cost method and cost plus fee method based on data of post-construction evaluation. This study investigates the construction costs and service costs for post-construction evaluation and conducts the comparative analysis of 'percentage of construction cost method' and 'cost plus fee method.' The analysis result shows 'cost plus fee method' is more accuracy than 'percentage of construction cost method.' In particular, cost plus fee method includes various correction coefficients, such as distance, area, and integration, in order to reflect the project characteristics of each infrastructure, and suggests linear construction (roads, railways), nonlinear construction I (housing and industry complex), and nonlinear construction II (airports, seaports, dams, water and sewage).