• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.35-44
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• 2007

The purpose of this paper is to find out the factors affecting the apartment price given three sets of variables such as characteristics of apartment building, apartment site, and location. Data of 1,579 housing units in 224 apartment complex sites in Ilsan city were selected from the housing information of four public and private housing sources in 2006. The first set of variables for physical features include housing size (pyoung), preferring-floor, building orientation, heating system and structure of entrance. The second set of variables for building were number of housing units, built year and rank of construction company. The third set of variables for location were distance from number of school, the subway station, distance of department store and park. For the analysis, the hedonic price model, which was one of the methods to estimate social convenience, was used along with the SPSS statistical program and regression analysis. The results are as follows, Firstly, in the structural characteristic variables, it was analyzed that all of the variables except facing affected the apartment price. Secondly, In the site characteristic variables, unusually all of the variables were not affected the apartment price in Ilsan city. Finally, the locational characteristic variables number of school, the subway station, distance of department store and park affected the apartment price. In case of Ilsan city, educational facilities was likely to positively contribute to the price of apartment.

• 한국지역지리학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.169-186
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• 2005

본 연구에서는 서울시에서 발생하고 있는 인구이동의 대부분을 차지하는 도시내 인구이동의 지리적 특성을 밝히고, 아파트 평당 매매가를 통해 지역의 경제적 특성이 인구이동에 미치는 영향을 살펴보고자 한다. 구와 행정동을 분석단위지역으로 인구이동을 가시화함으로써 밝혀진 서울시 내부 인구이동의 지리적 특성은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 거리가 증가함에 따라 인구이동은 급격하게 감소하였는데, 지배적인 인구이동은 대부분 인접 구와 인접 행정동 사이에서 발생함으로써 근거리이동이 탁월하게 관찰되었다. 둘째, 근거리이동의 지배적인 패턴은 인접한 모든 지역이 아니라 특정 지역 사이에서 관찰되는데, 특히 한강과 학군이 주요한 경계로 나타나고 있다. 섯째, 분석 단위지역에 따라 상이한 인구이동 패턴이 나타나고 있다. 이와 동시에 행정동별 아파트 평당 매매가의 차이는 인구이동의 발생 및 이동인구의 규모에 큰 영향을 미치고 있다. 따라서 서울시 내부 인구이동의 지리적 특성인 근거리이동은 거리가 인구이동에 미치는 영향력을 의미하는 동시에, 인접한 지역 간의 경제적 유사성 및 주택시장의 분절화에 따른 인구이동에 있어서의 제약을 반영한다. 이는 서울시 내부의 인구이동이 주택가격이 상이한 지역에 거주하는 집단사이의 거주지 분리를 유지 강화시키는 역할을 하고 있음을 시사한다.

• 재무관리논총
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.315-344
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• 1995

The relationship of information flow and market price formation are central to the basic tenets of financial economics. Whereas information is usually treated as being either public or private(monopolistic), most empirical studies focus on the price effects of public announcements. More recent research has centered more on the role of private information, such as insider trading, in efficient pricing and whether such trading increases investor welfare. Typically, 'insider trading' refers to an officer that trades in his/her company's shares. Insider trading, however, also refers to anyone who generates private, albeit costly, information concerning a stock's fundamental value. Normally, such insider activity is more difficult to ascertain. One way in which negative information is revealed is through short-selling activity, especially the monthly short-interest positions reported by the national stock exchanges. Diamond and Verrecchia(1987) provide a theoretical paradigm that predicts a negative price adjustment upon announcement of n company's monthly short interest, if the short interest displays an unusual increase and is correlated with negative information that is not yet public. Empirical studies of the short-run, negative price effect predicted by Diamond and Verrecchia find mixed results. One explanation is that the time period studied is too short for the market to absorb the informational content of these announcements. One reason is that these announcements are an ambiguous signal that requires more individuals and time to collect and act on the same information before full revelation occurs or before the implicit information becomes publicly known. This 'long delayed reaction' also serves as a motivation for related research on the wealth effect of mergers, share repurchases, and initial equity offerings in which long-run performance differs from the initial, short-run reaction to such announcements or offerings.

• 대한조선학회 특별논문집
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• 대한조선학회 2017년도 특별논문집
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• pp.59-62
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• 2017

Recently oil price has got lower, but energy efficiency has been considered as an important factor to minimize ship operational costs and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. For the reason, it is necessary that energy efficiency improvement for hull form design and operational performance reflect an understanding of the vessel's operational profile. Throughout the life of the vessel, this can lead to important economies of fuel, even if, in some cases, a small penalty can be taken for design condition. In the present paper, hull form was developed for 5,000TEU class container carrier at given operation profile. As a CFD result at several design point, optimized hull form has improved resistance performance in comparison with the basis hull form. To reducing the viscosity and the wave resistance at multi draft and multi speed, the hull form was investigated for Cp-curve, frame and local shape. Numerical study has been performed using WAVIS & Star-CCM+ and verified by model test in the towing tank.

• 무역학회지
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.133-154
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• 2022

The Baltic Capesize Index (BCI), which is used as an indicator for marine transportation of steel raw materials, is one of the key economic indexes for managing the risk of loss due to rapid market fluctuations when steel companies establish business strategies and procuring plans for raw materials. Still, the conditions of supply and demand of steel raw materials has been extremely affected by volatility shocks from drastic events like the financial crisis such as the Lehman Brothers incident and changes in the external environment such as COVID-19. And, especially since the 2008 financial crisis, endeavors to predict the market conditions of the steel raw material is becoming more and more arduous for the deepening uncertainty and increased volatility of BCI, which has been used as a leading indicator of the real economy. This study investigates the correlation between the steel raw material market and the marine transportation market by estimating the spillover effect of information between markets. The vector error correction model (VECM) was used to analyze information transfer based on the correlation between the BCI and crude steel production, capesize fleet supply, raw material price, and cargo volume.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.77-90
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• 2022

Objectives: This study was aimed to figure out korean medicine doctors' opinion and treatment of Korean medicine clinical practice guidelines (CPG) for premenstrual syndrome (PMS). Methods: We conducted a questionnaire survey targeting korean medicine doctors belonging to the Korean Association of Oriental Medicine by e-mail and text and analyzed the answers. Results: 1. The average monthly number of patients visiting the respondents' clinics for PMS was 2.7, the main age group was 20-30s (80.8%) and the treatments the patients given before were mostly western treatments such as painkiller and combined oral contraceptives. 2. The treatment period for PMS was mostly less than 3 months (69%), and the frequency of acupuncture treatment was the most twice per week (41.1%). 3. The most effective herbal medicine for affective symptoms was Soyo-san, and for physical symptoms was Gyejibokryung-hwan. The most commonly used acupuncture point was 三陰交 (SP6). 4. Other opinions of the clinicians about Korean medicine clinical practice guideline of PMS were the need for promotion of PMS, convenience of taking herbal medicines and price competitiveness. Conclusions: We figured out korean medicine doctors' opinion of PMS CPG, clinical diagnosis and treatment.

• 무역학회지
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.215-231
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• 2022

Analysis and forecasting of the Baltic Capsize Index (BCI) is important for managing an entity's losses and risks from the uncertainty and volatility of the fast-changing maritime transport market in the future. This study conducted volatility transition analysis through the GARCH model, using BCI which is highly related to steel raw materials. As for the data, 2,385 monthly data were used from March 1999 to March 2021. In this study, after basic statistical analysis, unit root and cointegration test, the GARCH, EGARCH, and DCC-GARCH models were used for volatility transition analysis. As the results of GARCH and EGARCH model, we confirmed that all variables had no autocorrelation between the standardized residuals for error terms and the square of residuals, that the variability of all variables at this time was likely to persist in the future, and that the variability of the time-series error term impact according to Iron ore trade (IoT). In addition, through the EGARCH model, the magnitude convenience of all variables except the Iron ore price (IOP) and Capesize bulk fleet (BCF) variables was greater than the positive value (+). As a result of analyzing the DCC-GARCH (1,1) model, partial linear combinations were confirmed over the entire period. Estimating the effect of variability transition on BCF and C5 with statistically significant linear combinations with BCI confirmed that the impact of BCF on BCI was greater than the impact of BCI itself.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.95-102
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• 2019

Purpose - The purpose of the research is to identify the demographic characteristics of the customers with high private label purchase intention. According to the previous research demographics such as gender, age, income, and residence type affect private label purchase intention indirectly through psychographics rather than directly. For instance, higher income group is time pressured, price-insensitive, quality-sensitive, less likely to enjoy shopping utilitarian products, and less likely to be variety-seeking. The main contribution of this research is to verify the results found in the previous empirical foreign research using scanner data and to investigate the differences of the characteristics of private label users between Korea and the foreign countries. Research design, data, and methodology - In order to empirically test the proposed hypotheses, scanner data of a Korean major super center was analyzed. Results - Empirical results show that private labels are more favored by old people over 50s, dwellers in individual house, lower income group, and frequent store visitors. Age of 30s, dwellers in the apartment of 30 pyung, higher income group, and consumers who purchased a large amount are less likely to purchase private labels. Gender turned out not to affect private label purchase. It should be noted that there is a significant multicollinearity among independent variables. Conclusions - The research findings provide managerial implication for retailers' private label strategy. In general, retailers heavily send private label coupons to the customers with high purchase volume. According to the research, however, store visit frequency is much more positively associated with private label purchase than purchase amount. The study has some limitations. The samples are only consumers with private label purchase experience. The data were drawn from one store and only 8 commodity products were used for the analysis. Also, if more demographics were available, a more complete description on the private brand users' profile could have been derived. We propose the following future research. Research using the data including consumers without private label experience, research investigating direction of causality between private label loyalty and store loyalty, and research using hedonic private label products such as TV and PC could be promising.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.17-28
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• 2003

We met results like the followings through the literatures and questionnaires about the tasks and solutions about the insurance fee of packed medical herbs. 1) It's turned out that 74.8% of herb doctors agrees to the insurance fee of packed medical herbs. However, in comparison with the same survey of the herb doctor association the percentage of general approval went somewhat lower, and especially the percentage of 'positive approval' became notably lower$(43.7%{\rightarrow}26.5%)$ and the percentage of 'active objection' raised about 2 times$(6.8%{\rightarrow}12.9%)$. Inquiring into the approval reasons on the insurance fee application of packed medical herbs some heads such as 'development toward treatment medical science' and 'decrease of publics burden' were higher than the one of 'management income and expenditure.' 2) As a result of the research, 36.0% of the patients and 42.8% of the residents recognized that the pay range of Chinese herb health insurance is narrow. They recognized that less people have the experiences of Chinese medical hospital use and internal application of the packed medical herbs as they are older, men rather than women. 85.4% of the patients and 74.9% of the residents agreed on the insurance pay of packed medical herbs. It's shown that they agree on the Chinese medical hospital use more as the economic standard is lower, on the insurance pay as they have ever taken the packed medical herbs. In the aspect of increase of insurance fee, 66.7% of the patients and 44.3% of the residents agreed on the insurance pay of packed medical herbs, and 18.1% and 36.1% disagreed on the insurance pay of packed medical herbs. The main objective reason why they disagree on the insurance pay of packed medical herbs was 'because the insurance fee goes up higher,' which answered 95.2% of the patients and 78.8% of the residents. 7.22% of the patients and 1.80% of the residents answered that they can pay more insurance fee in case of the insurance pay of packed medical herbs. However, in the priority order of the insurance pay, it hold the 5th position between 2 target research groups which was less than medical examination, charges for hospital accommodation and taking MRI. 3) According to the result of analysis about the cost of packed medical herbs, current practice price is 115,000 won and the average prime cost of a packed medical herb is 73,000 to 106,000 won. It's examined that the herb doctors regard that 95,000 won will be reasonable when the packed medical herb is payed in insurance. However, it was found out that the public generally thinks that the price would be appropriate on the level of 30,000 to 40,000 won and the percentage of the answers of 20,000 won to 30,000 was fairly high. 4) the central system of a prescription should be change into the central system of demonstration and the sick and wounded. 5) To solve this problem, the government should regulate it to pass by the circulation gradation of [importer, $peasantry{\rightarrow}manufacturer{\rightarrow}wholesaler{\rightarrow}distributor$(Chinese medical hospital, pharmacy dispensary of Chinese medicine)]And it should intervene into the quality and the circulation steps of Chinese medicine through 'the office or organization which is in charge of certification of Chinese medicine' and 'the office or organization which is in charge of the circulation of Chinese medicine.' And some actions such as simple severance, lavation, drying should be included into the conception of manufacture and the boundary between food and medical supplies should be made at a manufactory. And the regulation of standardized goods at one's own house should be improved so that, the peasantry can sell the materials of Chinese medicine only to the manufacturer. 6) In company with the insurance pay of packed medical herbs, the study about the separation of dispensary from medical practice in the Chinese medicine should be accomplished.

• 한국버섯학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.224-229
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• 2019

국내에서 가장 많이 재배되고 있는 버섯은 느타리류로 일반느타리와 큰느타리(새송이) 두 품목이 대부분을 차지한다. 그 중에서 큰느타리는 자동화 시설이 확대되면서 생산량이 크게 증가하였으며, 저장성이 우수하여 수출되는 버섯의 주요 품목 중 하나로 자리잡았다. 그러나, 생산량이 점차 증가하면서 가격이 다소 하락하였고 이에 생산자는 큰느타리를 대체할 수 있는, 소비자는 버섯 시장의 선택의 폭을 넓힐 수 있는 새로운 버섯 품목 개발을 요구해 왔다. 이에 따라, 국립원예특작과학원에서는 중국 등 아시아에서 맛과 향이 우수하여 고품질로 생산되고 있는 백령느타리와 아위느타리를 종간교잡하여 '크리미'라는 품종을 개발하였다. 기존에 육성된 품종 및 수집된 유전자원을 재배하여 형태적 특성검정을 하였고, 아위느타리 품종 '비산2호(KMCC00430)' 와 백령느타리 유전자원 'KMCC00461'을 모본으로 선발한 뒤 각 모본으로부터 단포자를 분리하여 mono-mono 교잡하였다. 약 1,000 조합의 교잡을 하였고, 그 중 73계통이 교잡이 확인되어 재배시험 및 자실체특성조사를 수행하였다. 그 중 갓이 밝은 연백색이며 대가 굵고 곧아 품질이 우수한 '7773' 계통을 최종선발하였고 '크리미'라고 명명하였다. '크리미'의 균사생장 적온은 25~30℃이고, 자실체 생육온도는 16℃이다. 농가에서 대량생산시험 후 현장평가회 및 시식회를 개최해 본 결과, '크리미'의 수량이 대조구 '백황'보다 약 5% 증수되었고, 기존 아위느타리 품종 '비산2호'에 비해 식감과 맛이 더 우수하며, 아위×백령느타리 품종 '백황'보다 자실체 형태가 더 우수하여 고품질로 판매가 가능할 것이라는 평가를 얻었다. 큰느타리와 다르게 밝은 연백색인 갓을 가졌으며, 식감과 향이 더 우수한 아위×백령느타리 신품종 '크리미'가 앞으로 버섯 농가의 새로운 소득 창출과 버섯 시장의 품목 다변화에 이바지할 것을 기대해 본다.