• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.41
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• pp.5.1-5.5
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• 2019

Background: The present study aimed to determine whether laypeople and professionals rate the facial appearance of individuals with repaired complete unilateral or bilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP, BCLP) similarly based on viewing full facial images. Methods: The study followed a cross-sectional analytical design where five young patients aged 10 to 14 years, who had completed all stages of their unilateral or bilateral cleft lip and palate treatment (bilateral: three, unilateral: two), were evaluated by two groups. The assessment was done by laypeople and 97 qualified professionals (33 orthodontists, 32 plastic surgeons, and 32 oral and maxillofacial surgeons). Professionals were not involved in any stage of the patients' treatment. Results: The facial appearance assessment of the professional groups on different facial aesthetics was significantly lower than that of laypeople, and they had higher perceived need for further treatment. On the other hand, laypeople had higher aesthetic ratings and lower perceived need for further treatment. Differences were also observed between the assessments of the professional groups. Participants who had lower aesthetic assessments of the repair tended to report a higher influence of cleft lip and palate on social activities and professional life. Conclusion: Differences in perception exist between healthcare professionals and laypeople. The discrepancies between the professional groups could be attributed to different treatment modalities and protocols.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.947-953
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• 2010

Objectives : The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the remineralization and acid resistance in fluoride varnish by Micro-computed tomography (micro CT). Methods : Specimens of bovine teeth enamel were embedded in resin, polished and randomly divided into 3 groups (a control group, a NaF solution group, a fluoride varnish group). Each group has 3 specimens that was standardized according to Vickers hardness number (VHN). Specimens were immersed in demineralization solution for 72 hours. The control group had no treatment, the NaF solution group was treated by a 5% NaF solution for 4 minutes, and the fluoride varnish group was treated by a fluoride varnish for one hour. All specimens were subjected to a chemical pH cycling method for 14 days. After a chemical pH cycling method, the density were measured using micro CT. Then, specimens were immersed in each demineralization solution for 72 hours. After demineralization processed, the density were measured using micro CT. Results : 1. The density was significantly higher in the fluoride varnish and 5% NaF solution group than that of the control group after 14 days cycling (p<0.05). And the density value of the fluoride varnish group was higher than that of the 5% NaF solution, with no significant difference. 2. The differences of density after acid resistance treatment were statistically significant among 3 groups(p<0.05). Conclusions : It is suggested that fluoride varnish showed the remineralizing effect and acid resistance effect on the enamel, and micro CT could be used to evaluate the change of enamel lesion.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.82-90
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• 2021

Objectives: Cleft lip and palate (CLP) is one of the most common congenital deformities with worldwide prevalence. It causes a range of issues for infants that mainly involve difficulty in feeding due to abnormal oronasal communication. For this purpose, feeding plates are provided to infants to act as an artificial palate to aid in feeding. The most crucial procedure in fabrication of a feeding plate is creation of the impression using the traditional finger technique or impression trays. This preliminary research aims to compare the effectiveness of novel impression trays with that of the traditional finger technique for recording impressions of infants with CLP. Materials and Methods: This randomized controlled trial was conducted among 30 infants who were divided into two groups based on the method of obtaining impressions: Group I, finger technique; Group II, specialized acrylic tray (cleftray). Results: Use of cleftray required less impression time, a reduced amount of material, no incidence of cyanosis/choking in infants, and lower anxiety among doctors compared to the traditional method. Additionally, there was no distortion of cleft impressions, recorded maxillary tuberosity, or other fine details. Therefore, the novel impression tray (cleftray) exhibited superior outcomes in all the parameters compared to the finger technique. Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, we conclude that impression trays are superior to the traditional finger, spoon, or ice cream stick methods of creating impressions of CLP. However, it is necessary to conduct more clinical trials on a larger population based on other parameters to compare the effectiveness of the two techniques to draw definitive conclusions.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral Health
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.43-49
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• 2017

Objectives: In this study, we strived to determine the possibility of socioeconomic welfare in oral healthcare by analyzing the National Health Insurance (NHI) coverage rate. To date, efforts to realize the "social economy" of healthcare are active. While oral disease is common and chronic among Koreans, the rate of NHI coverage of dental clinics is substantially lower than that of the medical clinics. Methods: We defined the NHI coverage of dental clinics as a proxy for "social skills" to improve oral health problems. The data were collected through a comparative analysis of the NHI coverage of dental clinics and that of non-dental clinics, in health welfare social cooperatives. Results: The NHI coverage rate of the dental clinics in health welfare social cooperatives ranged from 0.97 to 2.62 times that of the non-dental clinics in health welfare social cooperatives. Conclusions: In conclusion, responsible management is recommended for making health welfare social cooperatives meaningful as a social economy.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.397-402
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• 2020

Background: Inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) is the most common, painful, and anxiety-provoking procedure involving needle insertion for anesthetic solution deposition. DentalVibeⓇ (DV) delivers vibration at a sustained frequency as a counter-stimulation to the site of injection, thereby alleviating pain. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of DV and lignocaine hydrochloride 2% gel (Lox 2% jelly) in pain reduction during IANB in children. Methods: A split-mouth randomized clinical trial was designed with a sample of 60 children (age, 6 to 12 years) requiring bilateral IANB for various dental procedures; DV was used while administering IANB and Lox 2% jelly was used as the topical anesthetic before administering IANB at subsequent appointments. During both appointments, pain perception was measured using the sound, eye, motor (SEM) scale and Wong-Baker faces pain rating scale (WBFPRS); oxygen saturation (SpO2) and pulse rate were measured using a pulse oximeter before, during, and after the IANB procedure. The obtained values were tabulated and subjected to statistical analysis. Wilcoxon test was used for intergroup comparison, and Friedman test, for intragroup comparison of measured variables at different treatment phases. Results: The medians and interquartile ranges of the WBFPRS scores recorded during the IANB procedure for DV and Lox 2% jelly were 2 (2-4) and 2 (0-2), respectively (P < 0.05). The SEM scale scores, mean SpO2, and pulse rate did not show any significant differences during the IANB procedure between both treatments. Conclusion: Both DV and Lox 2% jelly were found to be effective in pain reduction during IANB in children.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.452-468
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• 2023

This study aims to investigate changes in dental service use among pediatric patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. The analysis was performed by collecting information about the number of visits, age, gender, diagnoses, and treatments for patients at the Pediatric Dentistry Department of Seoul National University Dental Hospital from January 2017 to December 2022. Compared with the period from 2017 to 2019, the total number of visits decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic, with a substantial decline in 2020. Patients in all age groups, except those aged 10 - 14, experienced decreased visits, and there was no significant gender difference. Z29.8 (need for other specified prophylactic measures) declined in all age groups, especially among those aged 0 - 4, except for those 20 years and older. K02.1 (caries of dentine) was sought by the age groups in the following order: 10 - 14, 15 - 19, 5 - 9, and 0 - 4 years, with the most significant decrease in the 0 - 4 years age group compared to others. K07.4 (malocclusion, unspecified) decreased in younger groups aged 9 and below but increased in older groups aged 10 and above. During the period from 2020 to 2022, preventive, restorative, pulp, and trauma treatments decreased, but surgical and orthodontic treatments increased compared with the previous three years. The use of sedation decreased and general anesthesia increased during COVID-19 compared to pre-pandemic. This study describes the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on pediatric dentistry, making it a valuable reference for future pandemics.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.743-750
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• 1997

Gingivitis is the most prevalent type of periodontal disease and the dental plaque is considered as a major contributory factor. As the poor oral hygiene is firmly related to the occurrence of periodontal disease, pediatric dentist should make every effort to promote the oral health and control the plaque effectively for the high risk patients, especially for those who are under orthodontic treatment. P.M.T.C.(Professional Mechanical Tooth Cleaning), introduced by Dr. P. Axelsson in 1969, is a very effective method of plaque removal and can be performed by specially trained personnel. Two pediatric orthodontic patients were treated by P.M.T.C. for the elimination of gingivitis and gingival swelling. Signi ficant improvements of gingival condition were achieved in both cases but additional preventive programs and home care along with professional office care seem to be necessary for the best result.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.277-283
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• 2001

Objectives : To investigate the prevalence of hazardous and harmful alcohol use, which are a subthreshold of alcohol related disorders, Methods : Direct-interview questionnaires to 1,183 rural persons (489 male, 694 female) were conducted in Chungju-city from July 2 to 20, 1998. As a screening instrument, the alcohol use disorders identification test (AUDIT) was used. Results : The prevalence of alcohol use was 41.7%. In males, it was 66.3% and in females, it was 24.4%. The mean of the AUDIT score of males and females was 13.2 and 5.6, respectively. As WHO guideline, the prevalence of hazardous alcohol use in males and females was 80.3% and 20.7%, respectively. This suggests that the prevalence of 'hazardous drinking' and 'harmful drinking' was 45.4% and 29.3% for males and 1.2% and 2.4% for females, respectively. Conclusions : This study presented the prevalence of hazardous and harmful drinking of a rural population in Korea and reviewed those health problems. Further evaluation to detect and treat lower alcoholic drinkers is recommended.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.119-128
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• 2021

Background: This study assessed anticipatory dental anxiety levels among 8- to 12-year-old children based on subjective and physiological measures and their correlation. The variations in anxiety based on sex, age, temperament, and academic performance were evaluated. Methods: An observational study was conducted in 60 children recruited from the waiting room over a 6-month period. The operator recorded subjective anxiety in the children using a novel visual facial anxiety scale. The operator also noted the demographic details and child's temperament using the nine dimensions of the Thomas and Chess criteria, and graded children as "easy," "slow to warm-up," and "difficult." The academic performance of the children was graded (parental ratings) on a five-point Likert scale. Physiological variables (heartrate [HR], oxygen saturation[SpO2], and blood pressure [BP]) were recorded by another evaluator. The correlation between anxiety levels and physiological variables was also assessed. The effects of age, sex, temperament, and academic performance on anxiety were evaluated. Results: The study included 60 children aged 8-12 years, including 36 boys and 24 girls. Seventy percent of children had mild to moderate levels of pre-extraction anxiety, while 30% of children demonstrated high anxiety. A significant positive correlation was noted between anxiety levels and HR (rs = 0.477, P < 0.001⁎) and systolic BP (rs = 0.294, P < 0.05), while a significant but inverse correlation was observed with SpO2 (rs = -0.40, P < 0.05). Anxiety did not influence diastolic BP. Children with difficult temperament and poor academic performance had significantly higher anxiety. Conclusion: A high percentage (70%) of children aged 8-12 years had mild to moderate anxiety prior to the extraction procedure. Increased HR, systolic BP, and reduced SpO2 were significantly associated with high levels of anticipatory dental anxiety. Pre-extraction anxiety was significantly related to the temperament and scholastic performance.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.37-45
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• 2024

Background: The delivery of profound local anesthetics helps children receive successful treatment by reducing fear, anxiety, and discomfort during dental procedures. Local anesthetic injections are the most anticipated stimuli in dental surgery. Children's perceptions of pain can be altered by applying cryotherapy to precool the oral mucosa or by diverting their minds through taste distractions before administering local anesthetic injections. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of cryoanesthesia and xylitol sweet-tasting solution at the injection site in 7-10-year-old children. Methods: A total of 42 participants, aged 7-10 years, who underwent dental treatment requiring local anesthesia, were enrolled in the study. The children were randomly divided into three groups. In group I, sterile water was held in the mouth for 2 minutes before anesthetic administration, similar to group II, and in group III, a xylitol sweet-tasting solution was used for 2 minutes before needle insertion. The analysis of pain perception was carried out based on the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and the Sound, Eyes, and Motor (SEM) scale. For VAS analysis, a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed for intergroup comparison, and a post hoc Tukey test was performed for subgroup analysis. For the categorical SEM scale, the Kruskal-Wallis test followed by the post hoc test was performed for intergroup comparison. Where a P value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant at 95% confidence intervals. Results: Cryoanesthesia significantly reduced pain scores on VAS (4.21 ± 1.42) when compared to those on VAS with xylitol sweet-tasting solution (5.50 ± 1.40) and that with sterile water (6.14 ± 2.47). Intergroup comparison of the VAS scores among the three groups was performed using one-way ANOVA, which demonstrated statistically significant differences (P value <0.026) on the VAS scale. Intergroup comparison of the SEM scale was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis test, followed by post hoc comparison, which exhibited statistically significant differences (P < 0.007) among the three groups for the SEM scale. Conclusion: Cryoanesthesia demonstrated higher efficacy in reducing injection pain than that exhibited by the xylitol sweet-tasting solution.