• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.111-122
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• 2006

Objectives : We studied the effects of Scutellariae Radix pharmacopuncture solution (SRHAS) on the type 1 hypersensitivity. Methods : In vivo, we measured compound 48/80-induced active systemic anaphylactic shock using ICR mice and anti-DNP IgE-induced passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) using Sprague Dawley rats. In vitro, we showed effects on cytotoxicity and ${\beta}-hexosaminidase$ release from RBL-2H3 cells. Results : In vivo, SRHAS pretreatments (100% or 50%) at BL13 inhibited active systemic anaphylactic shock induced by compound 48/80. PCA was only inhibited by pretreatments of SRHAS at optional points. In vitro, $0.1{\sim}2%$ SRHAS treatments did not affect cell viability while ${\beta}$-hexosaminidase release was significantly inhibited. Conclusions : These results suggest that SRHAS may be beneficial in the inhibition of type I hypersensitive inflammatory response.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.59-65
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• 1996

Cotton fabrics were treated by low temperature plasma and/or cellulase, and its physical and dyeing properties were investigated. All the pretreatments of the cotton with low temperature plasma of oxygen, nitrogen and argon slowed down the rate of weight loss of cotton in cellulase solution. Plasma pretreatment did not show any strength retention effect on cotton fiber in the subsequent cellulase treatment. Pretreatment of cotton with low temperature oxygen plasma decreased the rate of dyeing in direct dye bath, while cellulase or plasma/cellulase pretreatment increased the rate. Equilibrium dye uptake of cotton was not changed greatly by the pretreatments except the normal untreated cotton showed more or less high uptake. The pretreatment of cellulase with a water-soluble carbodiimide reduced the enzymatic activity, and did not show any strength retention of cotton in enzymatic weight loss.

• 한국재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국재료학회 1993년도 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.83-84
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• 1993

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.203-210
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• 2004

Effects of various pretreatments on the adhesion of copper-coated polymer films were investigated. Copper-coated polymer films were prepared by an electron cyclotron resonance-metal organic chemical vapor deposition (ECR-MOCVD) coupled with a DC bias system at room temperature. PET(polyethylene terephthalate) film was employed as a substrate material and it was pretreated by industrially feasible methods such as chromic acid, sand-blasting, oxygen plasma and ion-implantation treatment. Surface characterization of the copper-coated polymer film was carried out by AFM(Atomic Force Microscopy) and FESEM(Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy). Surface energy was calculated by based on the value of the contact angle measured. The adhesion of copper/PET films was determined by a pull-off test according to ASTM D-5179. It was found that suitable pretreatment of the PET substrate was required for obtaining good adhesion property between copper films and the substrate. In this study the highest adhesion was observed in sand-blasting, and then followed by those of acid and oxygen plasma treatment. However, the effect of surface energy was insignificant in our experimental range. This is probably due to compensating the difference in surface energy from various pretreatments by exposing substrate to ECR plasma for 5 min or longer at the early stage of the copper deposition. Therefore, it can be concluded that surface roughness of the polymer substrate plays an important role to determine the adhesion of copper-coated polymer for the deposition of copper by ECR-MOCVD.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.52-58
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• 2013

The effets of the pretreatments of tropical kapok fibers were evaluated in this study in terms of water sorption capacity and oil sorption capacity. The alkali treatments with NaOH resulted in the reduction of lignin, oil and hemicellulose, which were detected with FT-IR spectrum. The reduction of the lyphophilic components such as fat on kapok fiber by the ozone treatments were also measured with FT-IR spectrum. The oil sorption capacity of kapok fiber was decreased by the alkali treatments and the ozone treatments, while the water sorption capacity was increased. The liquid sorption capacity were greatly affected by the mechanical cutting of kapok fiber which exposed the big lumen of kapok fiber. The hydrophilic property of kapok fiber could be controlled by the pretreatments, which would increase the applicability of kapok fiber for preparation of various functional paper products.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.183-190
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• 1995

효소를 이용한 펄프의 전 처리가 펄프의 표백 효 과에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 펄프의 kappa number 감소율은, 효소를 사용하지 않고 IN NaOH 용액으로 추출하였을 경우에는 13.7% 였으나 xyla nase(EC 3.2.1.8, Pulpzyme HB)를 사용하여 전 처 리를 하였을 경우에는 IN NaOH 추출 후 25.2%로 증가하였다. Xylanase와 함께 peroxidase mc 1.11.1.7, Novozyme 502) 빛 $H_2O_2$(O.lmM)를 사용하여 전 처리를 하였을 때, 페놀성 물질을 radical carrier 로 사용할 수 있는 가능성을 조사하였다. Radical carner로서 guaiacol(ImM)을 사용하면 kappa number의 감소율이 29.6%로 증가하였다. 그러나 phenol, p-chlorophenol 등을 radical carrier로서 샤용하거나 높은 농도의 $H_2O_2$(ImM)를 사용할 경우 에는 kappa number의 감소율은 줄어들므로 radi cal의 생성 속도 및 radical의 안정성이 중요한 변수 가 됨을 알 수 있었다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.12-16
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• 2014

Objectives: Extensively destroyed teeth are commonly restored with composite resin before cavity preparation for indirect restorations. The longevity of the restoration can be related to the proper bonding of the resin cement to the composite. This study aimed to evaluate the microshear bond strength of two self-adhesive resin cements to composite resin. Material and Methods: Composite discs were subject to one of six different surface pretreatments: none (control), 35% phosphoric acid etching for 30 seconds (PA), application of silane (silane), PA + silane, PA + adhesive, or PA + silane + adhesive (n = 6). A silicone mold containing a cylindrical orifice ($1mm^2$ diameter) was placed over the composite resin. RelyX Unicem (3M ESPE) or BisCem (Bisco Inc.) self-adhesive resin cement was inserted into the orifices and light-cured. Self-adhesive cement cylinders were submitted to shear loading. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (p < 0.05). Results: Independent of the cement used, the PA + Silane + Adhesive group showed higher microshear bond strength than those of the PA and PA + Silane groups. There was no difference among the other treatments. Unicem presented higher bond strength than BisCem for all experimental conditions. Conclusions: Pretreatments of the composite resin surface might have an effect on the bond strength of self-adhesive resin cements to this substrate.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.357-365
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• 2019

Objective: The experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of four fungal pretreatments on the nutritional value of Camellia seed residues, and to evaluate the feeding value of pretreated Camellia seed residues for ruminants. Methods: Camellia seed residues were firstly fermented by four lignin degrading fungi, namely, Phanerochaete chrysosporium (P. chrysosporium)-30942, Trichoderma koningiopsis (T. koningiopsis)-2660, Trichoderma aspellum (T. aspellum)-2527, or T. aspellum-2627, under solid-state fermentation (SSF) conditions at six different incubation times. The nutritional value of each fermented Camellia seed residues was then analyzed. The fermentation profiles, organic matter degradability and metabolizable energy of each pre-treated Camellia seed residue were further evaluated using an in vitro rumen fermentation system. Results: After 5 days of fermentation, P. chrysosporium-30942 had higher degradation of lignin (20.51%), consumed less hemicellulose (4.02%), and the SSF efficiency reached 83.43%. T. koningiopsis-2660 degraded more lignin (21.54%) and consumed less cellulose (20.94%) and hemicellulose (2.51%), the SSF efficiency reached 127.93%. The maximum SSF efficiency was 58.18% for T. aspellum-2527 and 47.61% for T. aspellum-2627, appeared at 30 and 15 days respectively. All the fungal pretreatments significantly improved the crude protein content (p<0.05). The Camellia seed residues pretreated for 5 days were found to possess significantly increased organic matter degradability, volatile fatty acid production and metabolizable energy (p<0.05) after the treatment of either P. chrysosporium-30942, T. koningiopsis-2660 or T. aspellum-2527. The fungal pretreatments did not significantly change the rumen fermentation pattern of Camellia seed residues, with an unchanged ratio of acetate to propionate. Conclusion: The fungi showed excellent potential for the solid-state bioconversion of Camellia seed residues into digestible ruminant energy feed, and their shorter lignin degradation characteristics could reduce loss of the other available carbohydrates during SSF.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.155-161
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• 2016

본 실험은 연잎의 전처리방법 및 저장온도에 따른 연잎의 저장특성을 구명하기 위해 실시되었다. 연잎을 각각 생잎, 데치기, 덖음 및 건조로 구분하여 처리하고 온도별로 실온($25^{\circ}C$), 냉장($4^{\circ}C$), 및 냉동($-10^{\circ}C$)에 저장하면서 연잎의 품질특성을 조사하였다. 외관상으로 실온에서 보관한 연잎은 저장 5일까지, 냉장 보관한 연잎은 저장 30일까지, 냉동저장한 연잎은 90일까지 양호하였다. 동일 저장온도 조건에서 pH, 가용성 고형분 함량, 총산, 폴리페놀 및 미생물수는 처리간 유의적인 차이를 보였으나 동일 처리조건에서 가용성 고형분함량, pH, 총산 함량이 저장온도간에 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. 다만, 연잎의 폴리페놀 함량과 유기산중 oxalic acid, tartaric acid 함량은 데치기와 건조 처리구에서 저장온도간 유의적인 차이를 보였다. 이러한 결과는 다변량분산분석에서도 나타났는데, 모든 품질 특성에서 각 온도별 처리구간에는 유의적인 차이를 보인 반면 각 처리구별 저장 온도에는 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. 특히, 폴리페놀 함량의 경우에는 저장 전 연잎의 처리방법과 저장온도에 크게 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. 결론적으로, 연잎의 전처리 방법에는 큰 상관이 없이 저장온도에 크게 영향을 받아 상온에서 5일, 냉장에서 30일, 냉동에서 90일 정도 상태가 양호한 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.621-632
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• 2007

Statement of problem: The failure of adhesion between the resilient denture liner and the denture base is a serious problem in clinic. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of denture base resin surface pretreatments (mechanical and/or chemical) on the tensile bond strength between a resilient liner and processed denture resin. Material and method. Acrylic-based resilient liners (Soft liner; GC co., Japan & Coe-Soft; GC America Inc. USA) and silicone-based resilient liners (Mucosoft, Parkell Inc., USA & Dentusil; Bosworth co., USA) were used. Specimens in each soft lining material were divided two groups with or without mechanical pretreatment. Each denture base specimen received 1 of 4 chemical pretreatments including: (1) no treatment, (2) 30-s acetone treatment, (3) 15-s methylene chloride treatment, (4) 180-s methyl methacrylate treatment. All specimens were thermocycled and placed under tension until failure in a universal testing machine. Results: 1. Silicone-based resilient liners exhibited significantly higher tensile bond strengths than acrylic-based resilient liners (P<.05). 2. Grinding the denture base resin improved tensile bond strengths of silicone-based resilient liners, but reduced tensile bond strengths of acrylic-based resilient liners (P<.05). 3. In acrylic-based resilient liners, treating with acetone significantly increased the bond strength of Soft liner and treating with methyl methacrylate significantly increased the bond strength of Coe-Soft (P<.05). However they were not effective compared to silicone-based resilient liner. 4. In silicone-based resilient liners, treating with all chemical etchants significantly increased the bond strength of Mucosoft to denture base, and treating with methylene chloride and methyl methacrylate increased the bond strength of Dentusil to denture base (P<.05). Conclusion: Although chemical and mechanical pretreatments were not effective on tensile bond strength of acrylic-based resilent liner to denture base, treating the denture base resin surface with appropriate chemical etchants after mechanical pretreatment significantly increased the tensile bond strength of silicone-based resilient liner to denture base.