• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.67-77
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• 1986

The information on the heat transfer characteristics, flow pattern and pressure drop, are very important for the desing of general heat exchanger, refrigerating system, air conditioning system and energy recovery system. In these systems, water or lubricating oil contained in working fluid affects greatly the flow and heat transfer condition and this phenomena must be considered in the practical design. An experiment has been performed for studying the flow and heat transfer characteristics of the forced convective horizontal flow of R-113 under the range of the liquid single phase state to the boiling flow state. Basic experimental results are obtained in the case that water or lubricating oil does not contaminate in the test fluid. Experimental results are as follows; (1) The local heat transfer coefficients in the nucleate boiling region and transition boiling region are almostly ten times as large as that of liquid single phase flow. (2) The measured heat transfer coefficient in the present experimental range is relatively agreed well with the predicted value from the various experimental results for the boiling flow.

• 유체기계공업학회:학술대회논문집
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• 유체기계공업학회 2001년도 유체기계 연구개발 발표회 논문집
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• pp.120-125
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• 2001

The effects of various vaned diffuser configurations, such as throat area ratios and rectangular and conical cross-section shapes. to the performance of a small-size turbo-compressor are studied. Numerical analyses were carried out for the region of diffuser and casing only. The pressure recovery coefficient was calculated to estimate the performance of the diffuser, and then compared with the measured data. Results show that the shapes and the throat area ratios of the diffuser strongly influence on the performance of a turbo-compressor.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제54권2호
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• pp.139-141
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• 2013

Presented here is a 36-year-old male with arterial hypertension who developed brainstem edema and intracranial hemorrhage. Magnetic resonance scan revealed diffuse brainstem hyperintensity in T2-weighted and fluid-attenuated inversion-recovery images, with an increase in apparent diffusion coefficient values. After a reduction in blood pressure, rapid resolution of the brainstem edema was observed on follow-up. The patient's condition was thus interpreted as hypertensive brainstem encephalopathy. While many consider this a vasogenic phenomenon, induced by sudden, severe hypertension, the precise mechanism remains unclear. Prompt recognition and aggressive antihypertensive treatment in such patients are essential to prevent permanent or life-threatening neurologic injury.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.393-398
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• 2003

Simple and rapid sample preparation method for trace elements in foods of animal origin using ultra high pressure microwave digestion system (UHP/MDS) and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer (ICP/AES) were developed. 1. For the digestion of sample using UHP-MDS, 20% nitric acid (v/v) was the most suitable solvent for the determination of trace elements in foods of animal origin. 2. The optimal digestion conditions for UHP-MDS were as follows: final temperature $180^{\circ}C$, final pressure 400 PSI, and magnetic power 900 W in the solid sample. For the liquid sample final temperature $170^{\circ}C$, final pressure 300 PSI and magnetic power 700 W were optimal conditions. 3. As result of interlaboratory test, the average recovery rate of the for solid sample were 88.3~99.1% for As, 82.4~93.3% for Cd, 89.2~101.2% for Hg and 86.5~93.8% for Pb, respectively. In liquid sample, it were 87.0~96.8% for As, 80.9~96.6% for Cd, 87.5~91.2% for Hg and 91.4~95.5% for Pb, respectively. 4. The average coefficient variation rate were 3.3~15.9% for solid sample and 2.9~10.8% for liquid sample.

• 에너지공학
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.62-73
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• 2014

본 연구는 혐기성소화조에서 발생된 바이오가스로부터 바이오메탄을 생산하기 위한 고질화 공정의 운전조건을 최적화하기 위하여 반응표면 분석모델을 적용하였다. 반응표면 분석법의 하나인 Box-Behnken 설계법을 이용하였으며 바이오가스 고질화 공정의 메탄농도와 메탄회수율을 극대화하기 위한 수학적인 최적운전조건을 도출하였다. 도출된 반응표면모델의 적합성을 검증한 결과 각 모델의 p Value가 0.05 이하로서 유의성이 매우 높게 나타났으며, 결정계수($R^2$)는 각각 0.9788, 0.9710 이었다. 그리고 이산화탄소/메탄분리공정에서 메탄농도에 대해 운전압력이 가장 크게 영향을 미치고 다음으로 바이오메탄 생산량, PSA 회전밸브 속도의 순이다. 메탄회수율에 대해서는 PSA 회전밸브 속도가 가장 크게 영향을 미치고 있으며, 바이오메탄 생산량, 운전압력의 순으로 나타났다. 액체바이오 메탄 생산량이 $100Nm^3/hr$일 때의 최적 운전조건을 도출한 결과, 운전압력이 8.0bar 그리고 PSA 회전 밸브 속도가 31.55RPM일 때 바이오메탄의 메탄농도와 메탄회수율을 최대화할 수 있었고, 이때의 바이오메탄의 메탄농도는 97.13%이고, 메탄회수율은 75.89%이었다.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.551-563
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• 2007

Numerical analysis for flow characteristics of a twin skeg container ship was carried out according to skeg vertical angles($0^{\circ}$, $10^{\circ}$, $20^{\circ}$) and skeg distances(16m, 20m, 24m) by using a commercial CFD code, FLUENT. Computed: pressure distributions, wake distributions and resistance coefficients have been compared with experimental and WAVIS results carried out by MOERI. Flow characteristics from numerical analysis such as nominal wake fractions, wake distribution and directions of the transverse vectors give good agreement with WAVIS results, even though there are quantitative discrepancy comparing with experimental measurements at the propeller plane. It is found that the better resistance performance can be obtained with the increase of the skeg vertical angle and the decrease of the skeg distance, which are mainly caused by viscous pressure resistance due to the skeg form and pressure recovery around the skeg. In addition, a vertical angle of the skeg gives more effect to the resistance coefficient comparing with the skeg distance. On the basis of results of the present study, it shows that numerical analysis using the commercial code, FLUENT, is useful and efficient tool for the evaluation of the complex stern hull form with twin-skegs.

• 한국전산유체공학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.100-106
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• 2012

Ice accretion on the surface of aircraft in flight can adversely affect the safety of aircraft. In particular, it can cause degradation of critical aircraft performances such as maximum lift coefficient and total pressure recovery factor in engine air intake. In this study, computational prediction of ice accretion around a rotorcraft air intake is conducted in order to identify the impingement region with high droplet collection efficiency. Then the amount of ice accretion on the air intake, which is essential in determining the required power of ice protection system, is calculated. Finally, the effect of icing wind tunnel size is investigated in order to check the compatibility with the real in-flight test environment.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.77-84
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate and to compare the performances of silicone laminated materials sold for swimming cap in market, to get the basic data for product development. We selected 4 specimens and tested their air permeability, waterproofness and breathability. We also tested the physical and mechanical properties of the specimens using KES system. Silicone-laminated material was not bursted on high hydraulic pressure since silicone membrane gave waterproofness while PU/Polyester substrate gave elasticity. It didn't have air permeability and breathability at all. Any toxic materials such as Formaldehyde, Deldrin, PCP, Amin, TDBPP were not detected in silicone-laminated material and other materials. Silicone-laminated material had higher stretchability with the low force but it had lower elastic recovery and shape stability comparing to PU laminated material. It had lower flexibility than PU laminated material. It had lower unrecoverable amount in shearing direction. Friction coefficient was higher in silicone-laminated material than PU laminated material due to its surface stickiness. It was compressed easily and its compression resiliency was higher with compared to PU laminated material.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.380-391
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• 2014

In this study, the scale effect on the performance of the podded propeller of tractor type is investigated. Turbulent flow computations are carried out for Reynolds numbers increasing progressively from model scale to full scale using the CFD analysis. The result of the flow calculation for model scale Reynolds numbers agrees well with that of the experiment of a large cavitation tunnel. The existing numerical analysis indicates that the performance of the podded propeller blades is mainly influenced by the advance coefficient and relatively little by the Reynolds number. However, the drag of pod housing with propeller in operation is different from that of pod housing without propeller due to the acceleration and swirl of propeller slipstream which is altered by propeller loading as well as the pressure recovery and friction according to Reynolds number, which suggests that the pod housing drag under the condition of propeller in operation is the key factor of the scale effect on the performance between model and full scale podded propellers. The so called 'drag ratio', which is the ratio of pod housing drag to total thrust of podded propeller, increases as the advance coefficient increases due to accelerated flow in the slipstream of the podded propeller. However, the increasing rate of the drag ratio reduces continuously as the Reynolds number increases from model to full scale progressively. The contribution of hydrodynamic forces, which acts on the parts composed of the pod housing with propeller operating in various loading conditions, to the thrust and the torque of the total propeller unit are presented for a range of Reynolds numbers from model to full scales.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.59-69
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 가스전의 추가 생산정 위치선정을 위해 고속의 연산이 가능한 인공신경망을 이용하여 저류 전산시뮬레이터를 개발하였다. 입출력자료와 알고리즘을 설계하였으며, 개발한 시뮬레이터를 이용하여 가스전의 추가 생산정 위치선정을 위한 연구를 수행하였다. 입력값은 생산시간, 생산정간 상관관계, 추가 생산정 위치좌표, 생산성 잠재력, 함수적 연관관계, 저류층 압력으로 구성하였으며, 출력값은 생산량과 함께 공저압력을 동시에 사용하였다. 20가지의 생산정 위치 시나리오에 대해 학습을 수행한 결과, 생산량의 상관계수 값은 0.99, 공저압력은 0.98로 상관관계가 매우 높은 것으로 확인되어 인공신경망 시뮬레이터의 타당성이 검증되었다. 가스전에서 최대공급계약량 유지시점을 산출함으로써 생산정 위치에 따른 생산성을 분석하였다. 그 결과 시나리오 C-1이 최대공급계약량 유지기간이 가장 짧았으며, 시나리오 A-1이 가장 오랫동안 유지시킬 수 있는 것으로 산출되었다. 결론적으로, 시나리오 A가 생산성에 영향을 받는 인자를 포함한 시나리오 B, C보다 최대 21% 더 최대공급계약량을 유지시킬 수 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 따라서 생산성에 영향을 미치는 요소를 종합적으로 고려하여 생산정의 위치를 선정해야 생산량을 극대화 할 수 있다. 본 인공신경망 시뮬레이터를 이용 시 생산기간동안 생산량과 공저압력 변화를 동시에 비교 분석하는 것이 가능하여 다양한 최적화 모델에 전위모델로 사용하는 것이 가능하다.