• Title/Summary/Keyword: preservative treated wood

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Evaluation of Deterioration of Larix kaempferi Wood Heat-treated by Superheated Steam through Field Decay Test for 12 Months (12개월 야외 내후성 시험에 의한 과열증기 열처리된 낙엽송재의 열화 평가)

  • Park, Yonggun;Han, Yeonjung;Park, Jun-Ho;Chung, Hyunwoo;Kim, Hyunbin;Yang, Sang-Yun;Chang, Yoon-Seong;Yeo, Hwanmyeong
    • Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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    • v.46 no.5
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    • pp.497-510
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    • 2018
  • In this study, the decay resistance of larch wood, which was heat treated by superheated steam, was evaluated by the field decay test. During the field decay test of 12 months, non-treated wood has been severely damaged by termite, however, no visible damage has occurred in the preservative-treated wood and superheated steam heat-treated wood. Results of field decay test showed approximately 5% mass loss of the non-treated wood and the preservative-treated wood, and approximately 1% mass loss of the superheated steam heat-treated wood. After the field decay test for 12 months, the residual amount of preservatives remaining in the preservative-treated wood was lower than that before the field decay test. It was considered that the preservative was partially eluted during the field decay test, and the mass loss of the preservative-treated wood was thought to be similar to that of the non-treated wood. Through this study and additional long-term monitoring test, superheated steam heat treatment can be considered to be an environmental-friendly method to enhance the decay resistance of wood against rot fungi and/or insect without chemical treatment such as preservative injection.

A Comparison of Chromium and Copper-Containing Waterborne Wood Preservatives for Fixing and Leaching Characteristics (크롬-구리 화합물계(化合物系) 목재방부제(木材防腐劑)의 정착(定着) 및 용탈특성(溶脫特性) 비교(比較))

  • Ra, Jong-Bum;Kim, Gyu-Hyeok
    • Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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    • v.23 no.3
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    • pp.66-72
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    • 1995
  • The rate of fixation of the components were evaluated in CCA-Type B and CCFZ-treated radiata pine sapwood by quantitative analysis of solution expressed from the treated wood. The leaching characteristics of radiata pine blocks treated with CCA-Type B and CCFZ were also evaluated by the AWPA standard leaching test. Both fixation and leaching charactersistics of CCA-Type B were compared with CCA-Type C treated wood samples. The rate of CCA-Type B fixation was a little faster than that of CCFZ. However, significant amounts of arsenic was unfixed in the CCA-Type B treated samples and consequently leached. These significant quantities of arsenic liberated from the CCA-Type B treated wood during service may pose some environmental concerns. Arsenic was no longer detectable from CCA-Type C treated samples when fixation was complete, even though the fixation of CCA-Type C was slower in some degree than CCA-Type B. In summary, it could be said that CCFZ was much safer preservative than CCA-Type B by the criterion based on the relative hazard assessed by absolute amount of unfixed element present in the treated wood. Also the decision that CCA preservative has to move from Type B to Type C should be made sooner or later for continuous use of CCA preservative in the future.

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Corrosion of Metals in Waterborne Preservative-Treated Wood (수용성(水溶性) 방부처리재(防腐處理材)에서 금속류(金屬類)의 부식(腐蝕))

  • Kim, Gyu-Hyeok;Kim, Jae-Jin
    • Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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    • v.20 no.1
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    • pp.15-22
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    • 1992
  • This study was performed to investigate the corrosion of metal fasteners in waterborne preservative-treated wood. Of all the metal tested, steel exhibited the greatest amount of corrosion across all preservatives and exposure conditions whereas stainless steel was totally inert. Galvanized steel corroded at a much lower rate compared to steel and the corrosion of brass was negligible. Among the preservatives, CCA-Type B was the most corrosive system tested. The sequence for the average corrosivity across all metals was: CCA-type B>CCA-Type C${\geq}$ACC${\geq}$CCA-Type A. Across all metals and retentions the salt formulations were more corrosive than the oxide and the corrosion was increased with the increse in the amount of preservative loadings. The amount of corrosion was also increased with the increase in exposure relative humidity (RH) across all metals and presevatives However, at the 60% RH exposure condition, the corrosion of metals was very negligible. Consequently, it can be concluded that across all metals oxide-type preservatives should be used to prevent the corrosion problem of metal fasteners in contact with treated wood and the use of steel nail preservative-treated wood should be avoided without distinction of end-use location, i.e., exterior or interior, and the use of stainless steel or at least brass nail in damp exterior condition was strongly recommended.

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Formation and Preservative Effectiveness of Water-Insoluble Copper Compound in Wood Treated with Copper Sulfate and Sodium Carbonate (황산구리와 탄산나트륨 처리 목재 내의 물불용성 구리화합물의 생성과 방부효력)

  • Kim, Jin-Kyung;Lee, Jong-Shin
    • Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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    • v.19 no.5
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    • pp.358-364
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    • 2008
  • Wood-inorganic material composite (WIC) was prepared by impregnating wood with copper sulfate ($CuSO_4\;5H_2O$) solution and by immersed wood in sodium carbonate($Na_2CO_3$) solution in order to introduce insoluble copper compounds {copper carbonate hydroxide, $CuCO_3\;Cu(OH)_2$} into the wood to give fungicidal effects in treated-wood. The weight percent gains (WPGs) of treated wood reached maximum value by impregnation of 20% copper sulfate solution and immersion in about 15% sodium carbonate solution for 24 hrs. Inorganic substances were present mainly in the lumina and cross-field pitting of tracheides. These substances were proved to be the insoluble copper carbonate hydroxide against water by the energy dispersive X-ray analyzer in conjunction with a scanning electron microscope (SEM-EDXA). The treated specimens showed high preservative effectiveness because the weight losses were hardly occurred by the fungi degradation test.

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Studies on Utilization of Chitosan for Fixation of Copper Compound in Wood Preservative Treatment (목재방부리(木材防腐理)에 있어서 구리화합물(化合物) 정착제(定着濟)로서 키토산 이용(利用)에 관한 연구(硏究))

  • Lee, Jong-Shin
    • Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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    • v.25 no.4
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    • pp.92-98
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    • 1997
  • To make good use of chitosan forming complex with heavy metals in wood preservative treatment, woods impregnated with chitosan and copper sulfate were prepared. Amounts of leached copper, decay resistance, anti-mold efficacy, iron corrosion rates, moisture regain rates and degradation pattern in chitosan pre-treated and untreated wood were compared. After leaching test, amounts of leached copper from chitosan pre-treated wood had a much smaller than chitosan untreated wood, and good decay resistance was retained even after leaching test. From these results, it was proved that chitosan-copper complex formed in wood played and important role for decay durability. In chitosan pre-treated wood, damage values by test molds became remarkably smaller, but the growth of test molds was not perfectly inhibited. Distinct differences in iron corrosion rates between chitosan pre-treated and untreated woods was not recognized but chitosan pre-treated wood showed the lower moisture regain rates than chitosan untreated wood because of water insoluble chitosan membrane formed in wood. After leaching test, the tracheid walls in the wood treated with 2.0% copper sulfate only were eroded by the fungal attacks, but those in the wood pre-treated with chitosan remained almost intact.

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Performance of Structural Glulam Laminated with CuAz-3 Preservative Treated Lumber (CuAz-3처리 리기다소나무 제재목을 이용한 구조용 집성재 성능 평가)

  • Kim, Kwang-Mo;Eom, Chang-Deuk;Lee, Sang-Joon
    • Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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    • v.39 no.6
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    • pp.521-530
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    • 2011
  • Nowadays, market demand of structural Glulam is growing and diversifying. The durability of Glulam should be significantly considered when they are intended to apply for out-door use such as timber bridge and pergola. This study was aimed to develop the manufacturing process of preservative treated structural Glulam using domestic softwood species. 10 m long structural Glulam were manufactured from domestic pitch pine logs with CuAz-3 preservative treatment. At each manufacturing process, the production yield was evaluated. Finally, bending tests were performed to verify the structural performance of manufactured Glulam. From the results, it was shown that the preservative treatment process hardly influenced on the production yield. But domestic pitch pine was proved to not be suitable for making the preservative treated Glulam due to the large difference of preservative permeability between sapwood and heartwood.

Service Life Estimation of ACQ-treated Wood Based on Biodeterioration Resistance

  • Pang, Sung-Jun;Hong, Jung-Pyo;Lee, Jun-Jae;Oh, Jung-Kwon
    • Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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    • v.43 no.5
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    • pp.641-651
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    • 2015
  • The aim of this study was to estimate the service life of alkaline copper quaternary (ACQ)-treated wood. The service life of preservative-treated wood was estimated by comparing a residual quantity of ACQ in wood with toxic threshold to fungi. Indoor and outdoor leaching tests were carried out in order to predict residual ACQ quantity within wood. As a result, the leaching ratio of ACQ from treated wood above ground via precipitation was 18.1% for 50 years. When the H4 treated wood, which is traditionally used in contact with the ground and fresh water, is used above-ground, the leaching ratio of ACQ for 50 years is 18.1% and the residual quantity of ACQ is $4.2kg/m^3$, which is higher than the toxic threshold of ACQ. Thus, the H4 treated wood used above-ground will be resistant to biodeterioration for at least 50 years.

Decay Resistance of Fire-Retardant Treated Wood

  • Lee, Hyun-Mi;Yang, Jae-Kyung;Kim, Jong-Man
    • Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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    • v.32 no.6
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    • pp.7-13
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    • 2004
  • In this study, the Korean pine wood (Pinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc) and Italian poplar wood (Populus euramericana Guinier) was treated with a mixture of monoammonium phosphate (MAP) and boric acid. Their usability as fire retardant and as decay-resistant construction and interior materials were evaluated by testing of chemicals, corrosion rate and absorption rate, weight loss and chemical contents. An experiment was performed to compare treated pine wood and Italian poplar wood. According to the results, Italian poplar wood had higher specific gravity and retention of chemicals than pine wood, and treated wood showed higher decay-resistance than untreated one. Weight loss was less in treated wood than untreated one because the degree of decay was lower in the former than the latter. Corrosion rate and absorption rate met the KS standard for wood preservative performance. The chemical contents analysis was carried out to determine the degree of decay and it was found that the preservative effect of chemical treatment was lower in Italian poplar wood than in pine wood.

Development of Coloring Method of Didecyldimethylammonium Chloride (DDAC) in Wood Treated with Alkaline Copper Quat (ACQ) Preservative (구리·알킬암모늄화합물계 목재방부제(ACQ)를 처리한 목재 중의 Didecyldimethylammonium Chloride (DDAC) 성분의 발색처리 방법 개발)

  • Lee, Jong Shin;Choi, Gwang Sik
    • Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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    • v.46 no.3
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    • pp.253-259
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    • 2018
  • To determine the depth of preservative penetration in ACQ treated wood, the degree of penetration of Cu was measured. In this study, we developed a DDAC coloring method to investigate the penetration depth of DDAC, which is one of the active ingredient of ACQ, into wood. The following conclusions were obtained. The DDAC component reacts with a 2', 7'-dichlorofluorescein indicator and results in a deep orange color. This orange coloring reaction appears not only in DDAC solutions but also in ACQ treated wood tissues in which DDAC is present. It is possible to visually verify that DDAC has better wood penetration than Cu in the spruce, which is an refractory wood species, by the DDAC coloring method developed this study. In addition to the results, it is necessary to investigate the difference in penetration of Cu and DDAC for other wood species with poor preservative penetration.

Surface Checking Reduction Effect of Preservative-treated Korean Larch Round-woods with Various Physical Treatments (물리적 처리에 따른 낙엽송 방부원주목의 표면할렬 방지효과)

  • Pang, Sung-Jun;Oh, Jung-Kwon;Lee, Sang-Joon;Park, Jun-Ho;Jang, Sung-Il;Lee, Jun-Jae
    • Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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    • v.45 no.1
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    • pp.107-115
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    • 2017
  • In this study, the surface check reduction effect of preservative-treated Korean larch round-wood was investigated by applying three physical treatments, such as incising, kerfing, and kiln-drying. Moreover, the possibility of long-term service life was also checked by comparing the depth of surface check and the penetration depth of preservative. A rapid gradient of wood moisture content between surface and center causes a surface check. Thus, the effect of reducing surface check was carried out at the lowest equilibrium moisture content (EMC) condition, temperature ($2^{\circ}C$), humidity (44.6%), in outdoor locations in Korea until the test specimens reach to the 8.6% EMC. As a result, the preservative-treated specimens without incising, kerfing, kiln-drying (Type C) could not ensure the long-term service life due to a large surface check. Because the surface check depth of all specimens was deeper than the penetration depth of preservative. In case of the incising treated specimens (Type I), 80% of them, the depth of surface check was not deeper than the penetration depth of preservative. However, when a kerfing was additionally treated (Type B), a possibility of happening deeper surface check than penetration depth of preservative was increased rather than Type I.