• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.491-498
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• 2014

In order to obtain basic data for concentration control of alkaline copper quat (ACQ) solution in wood preservative treatment, this study investigates the change of concentration and adsorption of treating solution and active ingredient, copper oxide (CuO) and didecyldimethyl ammonium chloride (DDAC), in the process of recycling of ACQ solution. Japanese larch (Larix leptolepis), Douglas-fir (Psedotsuga menziesii) and Radiata pine (Pinus radiata) were treated with ACQ solution. The active ingredient concentration of ACQ solution was decreased continuously with increase of recycling. There are differences between extent of concentration decrease of Cu (as CuO) and DDAC. DDAC was decreased more quickly and to a higher degree than Cu for all recycling. The extent of DDAC concentration decrease was remarkable than that of Cu for wood species. The amount of DDAC adsorbed into wood decreased with the increase of ACQ solution recycling, but adsorption of Cu was little difference regardless of recycling. The adsorption of Cu into wood increased as DDAC concentration decrease by recycling of ACQ solution. This is likely due to decrease of DDAC competition with Cu for the same reaction site in wood.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.13-20
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• 1985

The decreased preservative effect by tale and $TiO_2$ for emulsions obtained with polyoxyethylene surfactant was studied by various analytical methods and biological test. The preservative effect of methyl p-hydroxybenzoate was decreased by the addition of talc and $TiO_2$ and this result was attributed to the adsorption of methyl p-hydroxybenzoate on them. Talc exhibited more decreased preservative effect than that of $TiO_2$. The amount of the adsorption of methyl p-phydroxybenzoate by talc at $20^{\circ}C$ could be represented by the following equation; $a=11.511C^{0.747}$.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.46-47
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• 1982

1. The physical and anatomical properties investigated in this study are the ones, which may give more effect on absorption of preservatives, such as variation of annual ring, specific gravity, shrinkage, E.M.C. of desorption and adsorption at 70 percent relative humidity condition, general and minute properties of wood. 2. On this study, the positive effects of wood structure, in particular, the appearances of tyloses in vessel element upon the absorption of creosote were observed. 3. Thirteen percent sodium chloride solution treatment and boiling hot water treatment have shown poor results to improve the preservative absorption characteristics of tested species however, some slight difference between treated and control could be seen. (see Tables 6 and 7).

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.137-140
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• 2009

Chromated copper arsenate (CCA), a long history of successful preservative, have raised environmental concerns. Adsorption characteristics of domestic soils for chromium, copper, and arsenic were assessed by measuring distribution coefficient ($K_d$) values of these metal components in a laboratory scale. The results revealed that $K_d$ values were higher in chromium, followed by arsenic and copper in soil matrix. Different soil matrixes resulted in varying mobilities of CCA components. The values of $K_d$ for all three metals increased with organic matter contents. The results suggest that the mobility of metal components may be very limited to the surface area adjacent to CCA-treated wood due to their fairly large distribution coefficient ($K_d$). However, the metal components would be persistent and accumulated in the soil, resulting in high chemical concentration in service area of treated wood.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.22 no.9
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• pp.1218-1223
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• 2012

${\varepsilon}$-Poly-$_L$-lysine (${\varepsilon}$-PL), produced by Streptomyces or Kitasatospora strains, is a homo-poly-amino acid of $_L$-lysine, which is used as a safe food preservative. The present study investigates the combined use of cell immobilization and in situ adsorption (ISA) to produce ${\varepsilon}$-PL in shaken flasks. Loofah sponge-immobilized Streptomyces ahygroscopicus GIM8 produced slightly more ${\varepsilon}$-PL than those immobilized on synthetic sponge, and sugarcane bagasse. Moreover, loofah sponge supported the maximum biomass. Hence, loofah sponge was chosen for cell immobilization. Meanwhile, the ion-exchange resin D152 was employed for ISA. The loofah sponge-immobilized cells produced $0.54{\pm}0.1g/l$ ${\varepsilon}$-PL, which significantly increased to $3.64{\pm}0.32g/l$ after combining with ISA through the addition of resin bags. The free cells with ISA using the dispersed resin yielded $2.73{\pm}0.26g/l$ of ${\varepsilon}$-PL, an increase from $0.82{\pm}0.08g/l$. These data illustrate that the proposed combination method improved production most significantly compared with either immobilization or ISA only. Moreover, the immobilized cells could be repeatedly used and an ${\varepsilon}$-PL total amount of $8.05{\pm}0.84g/l$ was obtained. The proposed combination method offers promising perspectives for ${\varepsilon}$-PL production.