• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.9-15
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• 2020

Background/Objectives: To analyze the clinical characteristics of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) in children and adolescents. Materials & Methods: Medical records of 31 DTC cases that were diagnosed and treated at Korea Cancer Center Hospital between 2002 and 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. Results: Most cases were papillary carcinoma (n=26), with female predominance (n=25). Median age was 16.4 years (range, 11.9-18.6 years). Extrathyroidal extension was present in 24 cases. Twenty cases had tumor involvement at cervical lymph nodes and three had lung metastasis. Twenty-two patients received radioactive iodide treatment with a median cumulative dose of 300 mCi (range, 100-920 mCi). During a median follow-up of 68.2 months (range, 2.3-191.4 months), serum thyroglobulin level was elevated in 15 patients. Among them, two cases had remnant thyroid tissue, 4 had recurrence at cervical lymph nodes, and the remaining 9 did not have any detectable lesion. All were alive, and 5-year event-free survival (EFS) was 45.2±10.1%. Age £15 years, tumor size, lymph node status (N1b), and distant metastasis had negative effects on EFS. On multivariate analysis, age and tumor size had prognostic significance. Conclusion: For DTC of children and adolescents (£18 years old), age ≤15 years and tumor size were prognostic factor. Therefore, patients in this age group need meticulous follow-up. Further studies are necessary to answer the potential influence of age on the incidence and behavior of DTC.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제26권11호
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• pp.1637-1643
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• 2013

The present work describes the effect of slaughtering age on horse carcass traits and on meat quality. Eighteen male Italian heavy draught horse (IHDH) breed foals were employed in the study. Soon after foaling they were randomly subdivided in 3 groups according to 3 age at slaughtering classes: 6 months old, 11 months old and 18 months old. Live weight, hot carcass weight and dressing percentage of each animal were recorded. After slaughtering, meat samples were collected from Longissimus Dorsi muscle between 13th and 18th thoracic vertebra of each animal and then analyzed. The right half carcass of each animal was then divided in cuts. Each one was subdivided into lean, fat and bones. Then, the classification of the lean meat in first and second quality cuts was performed according to the butchers' customs. Older animals were characterized by a lower incidence of first quality cuts (p<0.01) on carcass. Younger animals showed greater content in protein (p<0.01). Fatty acid profile showed an increasing trend of PUFA connected to the increasing of slaughtering age (p<0.05). The unsaturation index of intramuscular fatty acids was not affected by slaughtering age, confirming that horse meat, if compared to beef, is more suitable from a nutritional point of view. Season influenced reproduction, birth as well as production aspects of this species. The different slaughtering age could represent the way to produce meat of IHDH foals during the entire year without change in the qualitative standard expected by consumers.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.469-485
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• 1994

The present study was undertaken to examine the relationship between time required for each step in the treatment process for pedodontic patients. and age of the patients, and experience of special training for pedodontics and career of dental practitioners. Information of these matters was gained from 580 questionnaires collected from 69 practitioners (62 male and 7 female). The questionnaires included questions about the patients' sex(303 male and 207 female) and age. The patients were categorized into 5 different age groups : Group 1, age $1{\sim}3$-year ; Group 2, $4{\sim}6$-year ; Group 3, $7{\sim}9$-year ; Group 4, $10{\sim}12$-year ; Group 5, $13{\sim}15$-year. The questions about the dental practitioners were the years of experience in private dental practice(5 years or more than 5 years) and whether or not they took the special training for pedodontics in the authorized institutes. The practitioners were asked to answer the questions about Frankl scale of the patients' behavior during the treatment, and time spent for managing the patients to be subjected to local anesthetic injection (the first behavior control), time for the injection, and time for the subsequent treatment. The results obtained by analyzing the information collected from the questionnaires were as follows : 1. The younger the patients, the lower the Frankl scale was counted at the time of the first behavior control, injection, and the subsequent treatment(p<0.001). 2. The lowest Frankl scale was scored during the injection regardless of the age of the patients. 3. Time for management and treatment was decreased in the order of age Groups 1 and 2< Group 3 < Groups 4 and 5. 4. The patients showed a more positive frankl scale in response to the treatment performed by those who were more-experienced in dental practice as compared with those were less-experienced. 5. Pedodontic training experience of the practitioners did not appear to influence the patients with respect to the treatment time and Frankl scale.

• 보건의료산업학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.99-110
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• 2016

Objectives : The aim of the present study was to propose more substantial data for evaluating the quality of life of adults in terms of oral health as well as provide the basic data necessary to develop an effective oral health care program that improves the quality of life of adults by age group. Methods : Raw data were used from the sixth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey for the first and second years which was conducted from January 2013 to December 2014. Multiple regression analysis was conducted with the collected data by gender and age group to determine the impact of oral functions on the quality of life of adults. Results : It turned out that oral function has an impact on the quality of life of adults by age group as follows: young people (${\beta}$=.077), middle-age people (${\beta}$=.101), young-old elderly people (${\beta}$=.140), and old-old elderly people (${\beta}$=.143). It was shown that as people grow older, they have better quality of life only when they have good oral function. Conclusions : It is necessary to develop a proper oral health care program that prevents oral diseases and improves oral function by age group, which eventually will lead to good oral health. Continuous oral healthcare is also considered necessary.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.2695-2698
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• 2012

Introduction: Design and implementation of screening programs in each country must be based on epidemiological data. Despite the relatively high incidence of CRC, there is no nationwide comprehensive program for screening in Iran. This study was designed to investigate national CRC data and help to determine guidelines for screening. Methods: Incidence data used in this study were obtained from Iranian annual of National Cancer Registration report. Age standardized rates (ASR)were calculated using world standard population and were categorized by age, sex, anatomic subsite and morphology of tumor. Data were analyzed using SPSS.V.13 and Open Source Epidemiologic Statistics for Public Health software (OpenEpi v.2.3.1). Results: A quarter of cases were less than 50 years of age. The majority of tumors were detected in the colon. The overall ASR in the four years period was 38.0 per 100000 and was higher for men compared women (P<0.05). Incidence rate of colorectal cancer increased with age. Conclusion: Results of present study indicated that incidence of colorectal cancer is relatively high in Iran. Incidence of CRC in people under 50 years and in rectum were reported higher than other countries that related etiologic factors should be investigate in further studies. According to the increasing of ASR after age 50 years, it seems that onset of screening at age 50 would be appropriate.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.385-390
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• 2014

Background: Lung cancer is the most frequent malignancy of men worldwide. In Ninawa in Iraq, lung cancer ranks first among cancers diagnosed in men. Since no prior studies have been conducted on incidence trends in our population the present investigation of rates during 2000-2010 was therefore performed. Materials and Methods: Registy data for lung cancer cases were collected from the Directorate of Health in Ninawa-Mosul Continuing Medical Education Center. We restricted our analyses to men categorized according to the age groups of 0- 39, 40-49, 50-59, 60-69 and 70+ years. The significance of incidence rate trends during 2000-2010 was tested using Poisson regression. Age-standardized rates (ASR), and age-specific rates per 100,000 population were calculated. Results: A total of 1,206 incident lung cancer were registered among males, accounting for 15.5% of all male cancers registered during 2000-2010. It ranked first throughout the period. Median age at diagnosis was 69 (mean $66.8{\pm}11.0$) years. The incidence rate of all male lung cancers in Ninawa (all ages) decreased from 26.4 per 100,000 in 2000 to 12.7 in 2010 (APC=-6.55%, p<.0001). The incidences in age groups 40-49, 50-59, 60-69 and 70+ decreased in earlier years and recently appeared (2007-2010) stable. The incidence in age group (0-39) remained stable between 2000-2010. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)was the most common type of lung cancer, while adenocarcinoma was relatively rare. Conclusions: With the data from Directorate of Health in Ninawa during the period 2000-2010, lung cancer is the most common cancer but generally declining. Among all age groups, the recent incidence of lung cancer remained stable. The SCC predominance suggests change in tobacco habits as an important factor in the trends observed.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제59권3호
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• pp.259-268
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• 2016

Objective : Accumulation of advanced glycation end-products (AGE) and mitochondrial glycation is importantly implicated in the pathological changes of the brain associated with diabetic complications, Alzheimer disease, and aging. The present study was undertaken to determine whether sildenafil, a type 5 phosphodiesterase type (PDE-5) inhibitor, has beneficial effect on neuronal cells challenged with AGE-induced oxidative stress to preserve their mitochondrial functional integrity. Methods : HT-22 hippocampal neuronal cells were exposed to AGE and changes in the mitochondrial functional parameters were determined. Pretreatment of cells with sildenafil effectively ameliorated these AGE-induced deterioration of mitochondrial functional integrity. Results : AGE-treated cells lost their mitochondrial functional integrity which was estimated by their MTT reduction ability and intracellular ATP concentration. These cells exhibited stimulated generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential, induction of mitochondrial permeability transition, and release of the cytochrome C, activation of the caspase-3 accompanied by apoptosis. Western blot analyses and qRT-PCR demonstrated that sildenafil increased the expression level of the heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). CoPP and bilirubin, an inducer of HO-1 and a metabolic product of HO-1, respectively, provided a similar protective effects. On the contrary, the HO-1 inhibitor ZnPP IX blocked the effect of sildenafil. Transfection with HO-1 siRNA significantly reduced the protective effect of sildenafil on the loss of MTT reduction ability and MPT induction in AGE-treated cells. Conclusion : Taken together, our results suggested that sildenafil provides beneficial effect to protect the HT-22 hippocampal neuronal cells against AGE-induced deterioration of mitochondrial integrity, and upregulation of HO-1 is involved in the underlying mechanism.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.69-82
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• 1984

The general fearfulness of hospitalized school-age children and the emotional anxiety of their mothers were investigated and compared to those of normal children and their mothers, in order to provide theoretical basis for establishing comprehensive nursing care of hospitalized children including their mothers. The present study was carried out from Sept. 5th to Oct. 3rd, 1983. A total of 81 hospital I zed children and their mothers were investigated and 95 normal elementary school children and their mothers as control group were surveyed The general fearfulness of children and the emotional anniety of their mothers were measured through questionaire by using Geer's FSS-Ⅱscale and Spielberger's STAI scale, respectively. The results were analyzed by computer using S.P.S.S. program and summarized as follows: 1. The emotional anxiety of the mothers of hospitalized children was greater than that of normal children's mothers. (P=0.000). 2. The general fearfulness of hospitalized children was greater than that of normal children (p=0.000) 3. The general fearfulness of hospitalized children varied with children's age and sex, mother's age and mother's experience of hospitalization. a) The general fearfulness of the hospitalized children at the age of 7∼9 was greater than that of the age 10∼12. (P=0.020) b) Girl's scored greater fearfulness than boys. (p=0.037) c) The younger mother's age resulted in the higher children fearfulness. (P= 0.0059). d) When the mothers did not have experience of hospitalization, the children's fearfulness was high. (P=0.014) 4. The anxiety-state of hospitalized children's mother was proportionally reacted to their anxiety-trait. (r=0.694, p=0.000) 5. The relationship between mother's emotional anxiety and their hospitalized children's general fearfulness failed to show statistical significance. (r= 0.1184, P＞0.05). These results indicated that the general fearfulness of hospitalized children was affected by environmental factors beside mother's emotional anxiety. An extensive study on the factors influencing the general fearfulness of hospitalized children is needed.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.225-232
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• 2001

The aim of this study was to recommend the optimal age for prevention of periodontal disease and to investigate the trend of treatment modality according to different period. From the chart recordings of the patients who had been treated periodontally from Jan. 1981 to Dec. 1995 in the dept .of periodontics, Chosun University Dental Hospital, those of the periodontally treated patients on more than 4 sixtants were selected for the present study. The distribution of the patients was counted according to the age group and the gender. And they were divided into 3 groups(group 1: 1987-1958, group 2: 1985-1990, group 3: 1991-1995) by 5 year interval according to the treated year. The periodontal treatment modalities were classified into non-surgical therapy, pocket elimination surgery, regenerative periodontal surgery, mucoginigival surgery, clinical crown lengthening, and others. The results were as follows; 1.In the distribution of the periodontally treated patients according to the age group, 40's age group was the highest, and 30's, 40's, and 50's age groups occupied more than two thirds(73%). 2.The sexual distribution of the periodontally treated patients showed that males(53.4%) were a little more than females(46.6%). Within 20's group female was higher, but within 40's male was higher. 3.Regardless of the age group and the gender, pocket elimination surgery was the most frequent treatment modality. 4.In group 1 and 2(1987-1990) the main treatment modality was pocket elimination surgery and non-surgical therapy, but in group 3(1991-1995) it was regenerative periodontal surgery and pocket elimination surgery. The above results suggest that the prevention of periodontal disease should be initiated from early twenties, and the most frequent treatment modality may be closely related with development of new material and method.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.179-193
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• 2007

Objectives: It has been demonstrated that acupuncture treats diseases while that the widespread use of that clinically and experimentally. It also has shown that electro-acupuncture(EA) is more effective than manual-acupuncture (MA). The purpose of this study was to investigate effect of EA and MA at combined acupoints on sex and age in rats. Methods: This study measured the effects of acupuncture treatment on small intestinal motility in rats. MA and EA(intensity, 5 times muscle twitch threshold) was applied for 30 minutes to the combined left and right sides acupoints on ST36, ST37, ST39 under enflurane anesthesia. EA and MA applied to the ST36, ST37, ST39 acupoints produced an elevation of small intestinal motility. Results: In experimental groups of combined left and right sides acupoints, only specified groups show elevation of small intestinal motility in male rats, 5 weeks age. Furthermore, combined left and right sides acupoints in EA and MA show differences effects according to the sex, male and female, and the age as 5, 6, 7, 8 weeks. Conclusion : Although these different according to the sex and age in rats do not have a established tendency, the present study suggest that effect of EA and MA are experimentally dependent upon the sex and age on small intestinal motility in rats.