• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.359-370
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify effects of the variables of Health Action Process Approach (HAPA) Model on physical activity. Methods: This study has conducted a systematic literature review and meta-analysis. Sixteen articles were searched through electronic databases (PsycINFO, PubMed, CINAHL, Web of science, Science Direct, RISS, KMBASE, KoreaMed, KISS, DBpia) and additional journals from 2000 to July, 2017. To estimate the effect size (ES), the meta-analysis of the studies was performed by using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis programs. Results: The overall effect size of the variables of HAPA on physical activity was median (ES=.28). Of the core variables of HAPA model, action control (ES=.43) showed the largest effect size, followed by coping self-efficacy (ES=.31) and planning (ES=.31).Additional variables were identified as preparatory behavior (ES=.39) and past physical activity (ES=.24). Through the moderator effect analysis, the effect size was higher in the volitional phase than in the motivational phase, and higher in the healthy group than in the patient group. The higher the proportion of males and the lower the age, the larger the effect size. Conclusion: This finding shows empirical evidence that all core variables of the HAPA model are useful for predicting physical activity. We propose the use of the HAPA model to develop physical activity promotion intervention.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.281-289
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• 2000

To examine the pharmacological activity of the polysaccharide extracted from phellinus linteus, we obtained the polysaccharide treated by the alkali and hot water, molecular weights of hot water was 10kD and 225 kD. Anticomplementary activity were highly observed in hot water fraction than alkali fraction. The tumor inhibition ratio of the polysaccharide extracted by hot water and alkali of Phellinus linteus against sarcoma 180 were 72.5% and 67.6%, respectively. These results suggest that protein bound polysaccharides extracted by a hot water and alkali of Phellinus linteus were similar to the pharmacological activities and chemical properties.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.811-816
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• 2000

An antagonistic bacterium PM-1 which strongly inhyibits the growth of Pyricularia oryzae was isolated and identified as paenibacillus macerans. The antifungal substances of the strain PM-1 showed the broad antifungal spectra against P.oryzae races. Relating to the localization test, it was found that the antifungal substances existed not only in the cytoplasm but also in the culture supernatant, and importantly the antifungal activity of the latter was stronger than that of the former. The extracellular antifungal substances were extremely heat-stable up to $121^{\circ}C$ for 15 min. The substances were optimally produced at $20^{\circ}C$ and pH 10.0 in a potato dextrose broth. The culture filtrate of the strain PM-1 caused a partial swelling of the mycelia of P.oryzae, and it prevents the normal growth of the fungus as well. This result suggested that the antifungal substances secreted by the strain PM-1 potentially inhibited the germination of P.oryzae.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.490-496
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• 2002

The production of E. coli WC7 phytase from a recombinant E. coli strain was optimized using a statistical experimental design approach. Two-level complete factorial designs with seven variables were used for the media optimization. In the first optimization step, the influence of disodium succinate, yeast extract, $K_2HPO_4,\;NH_4H_2PO_4,\;MgSO_4$, NaCl, and trace elements on phytase production was evaluated. As a result, disodium succinate, yeast extract, $NH_4H_2PO_4$, NaCl, and the trace elements were found to have a positive influence on the phytase production, while $K_2HPO_4\;and\;MgSO_4$ had a negative influence. In the second step, the concentrations of disodium succinate and yeast extract were further optimized using central composite designs. The maximum phytase activity obtained was 234 U/ml using 15.9 g/1 disodium succinate, 20 g/1 yeast extract, 5 g/1 K_2HPO_4,\;10 g/1 NH_4H_2PO_4,\;1.5 g/1 MgSO_4$, 4 g/1 NaCl, and 1.5 m1/1 trace elements, which was about a 14-fold increase in comparison with that obtained using the basal medium.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.175-179
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• 1999

Grape seed oil was extracted using different preparatory treatments as follows: (1) grinding, (2) grinding and roasting, (3) grinding and wet- roasting, (4) grinding, roasting, and wet-roasting, and (5) grinding, wet-roasting, and wet-roasting. The highest antioxidant activity was obtained from the sample with the method (2). Initial states of oxidation were similar except method (1) that showed more oxidized state, being P.O.V.8. Acid values were observed in the range from 1.42 to 1.89. The lowest acid value was found as 1.42 in method (1) and those of others were somewhat higher, indicating that heating process of roasting produced some free fatty acids. From the results of sensory evaluation, the best odor and taste were obtained from the methods (2) and (3). Repetitive procedure of wet-roasting, like method 5, caused some loss of flavor components and decrease in the sensory evaluation score. Addition of grape seed oil (method 2) to soybean and perilla oil at the level of 20% retained considerable antioxidant activities as much as 4.3 and 5 times, respectively, than 100% soybean or perilla oil stored for 12 weeks. When soybean or perilla oil was mixed with 20% grape seed oils, P.O.V. decreased to half of that of unmixed oils.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.37-45
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• 2007

WTO/TBT requires that, for technical regulations affecting trade, technical regulatory requirements must be specified where possible in terms of performance rather than design or descriptive characteristics. The movement which made "performance" a keyword in landscape architecture was activated in Japan, one of the leading counties in performance-based regulatory system(PBRS). The Japanese recent movement of systematization activity on performance-based standards and specifications was reviewed and operational applications for performance-based regulatory system in South Korea are summarized as follows: 1. The establishment of performance standards that can be properly evaluated by assessment indicators is necessary in cases when quantitative evaluation is difficult. 2. As a preparation for PBRS, a brief procurement system by technical proposal for the landscape design and construction is necessary. 3. As a preparation for PBRS, activation of an environmental performance evaluation on experimental construction is necessary. 4. As a preparation for PBRS, a certification system of environmental performance on various landscape construction methods is necessary. 5. The Private Finance Initiative Project is the most similar to PBRS therefore, activation of the Private Finance Initiative Project is necessary in landscape architecture projects for park rehabilitation.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.13-18
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• 1997

Identification and changes of physiologically active substances during chilling storage of dehisced ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer) seeds were analyzed using various preparatory separation methods and purification columns; Dowex 50W and silica gel columns. Seven components with Rf values of 0.20, 0.40, 0.58, 0.66, and 0.70 In solvent system, $CHCl_3$:MeOH=3:1 (v/v), Rf values of 0. 63 and 0.74 in solvent system, $CHCl_3$:MeOH:$H_2O$:=7:3:1 (v/v) were obtained through Dowex 50W and silica gel column chromatographies. Two components with Rf values of 0.20 and 0.63 in the all chilling treatments were detected in the extract obtained through both chromatographies, and only the former component was gradually increased till 4 weeks of chilling storage and then rapidly decreased from 8 to 16 weeks. UV spectra of Rf values of 0.66 and 0.56 were similar to that of cytokinin, but their physiological activities were not found. Rf values of 0.20 showed activity by radish cotyledon expansion bioassay. The component with Rf value of 0.20 was revealed to have a naphthalene in the proposed chemical structure by various NMR techniques.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.273-278
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• 2008

As the new management strategy of urban crime, The crime prevention through environmental design is the one of the crime control strategies for preparatory Prevention. Therefore, The Purpose of this study is to find out the crime prevention strategy to encounter problems in reality concerning to the urban crime. In this purpose, We analyze how to form crime distribution through fieldwork about crime happened in the dong-gu residential zone of urban crimes happened in Gwang-Ju metropolitan city, 2004. And then, We examine the crime prevention strategy through CPTED(Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design).

• Hwankyungkyoyuk
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.1-12
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• 2008

This study is aimed at suggesting ways to develop field trip or learning materials focusing on environment of Jeju seashore in order to make an effective field trip. To perform these purposes, the contents and concepts were analyzed from environment-related 'geological unit' of elementary science textbook. Afterwards, the places having the geological features in coincidence with them are chosen, and investigated, and these regions can develop into geological teaming places for field trip. Each teaming spot focuses on understanding and finding out the characteristic geological environment of rock shore, gravel shore, sand shore, shellfish shore, and tideland shore among Jeju shores. When field trip is conducted at the preparatory stage, students can get advance knowledge on geological concepts from textbook. The activity record paper is presented at the field trip stage where students observe geological phenomena on their own. After field trip is finished, the summary stage is given to solve some problems on the basis of the observed contents. The developed data from this research have its regional limits, but is surely useful for teachers who try to plan field trip when they especially choose the right field trip spots, or plan to make the process for field trip preparation of the environmental education. Furthermore, with this survey and activities, students can take the chance to improve the learning effect through their own experience on environment of Jeju seashore.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.14
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• pp.389-412
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• 2007

This study's purpose is to present the improvement of effectiveness of security activity for international conference which can be held hereafter. On the basis of security activity problems originating in APEC that had been held in Pusan in 2005. I made up questions three times to on the members of the police, military, fire figher and Busan city civil servants who had participated in Busan APEC and recognition of possible problem and possibility of improvement on each item of questions was analyzed by Delphi Method. Also interviews with 4 security experts selected from each security agency were conducted to present improvement in each part of problem. The study result is as follows; First, the satisfactory cooperation between security agencies and self-governing body is needed for the basis of security activity in preparatory stage. Second, examining thoroughly security activity by function in activity stage. Third, giving full play to their genius by close cooperation between security agencies and self-governing body in enfourcement stage. Fourth, provision for events after this on the basis of effective estimation system in evaluation stage.