• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.74-81
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• 2017

In learning stage of the preliminary Cut-off indoor positioning scheme, RSSI and UUID data received from beacons at each reference point(RP) are stored in fingerprint map. The fingerprint map and real-time beacon information are compared to identify the nearest K reference points through which the user position is estimated. If the number of K is zero, this scheme cannot estimate user position. We have improved the preliminary Cut-off scheme to get the estimated user position even in the case. The improved scheme excludes the beacon of the weakest signal received by user mobile device and identifies neighborhood reference points using the other beacon information. This procedure are performed repetitively until K > 0. The simulation results confirm that the proposed scheme outperforms K-Nearest-Neighbor (KNN), Cluster KNN and the conventional Cut-off scheme in terms of accuracy while the constraints are guaranteed to be satisfied.

• 한국지반신소재학회논문집
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.11-23
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• 2020

본 본문에서는 도심지 지하굴착 및 터널현장의 예비설계 및 지반침하를 예측이 가능한 인공신경망 개발에 대한 내용을 다루었다. 인공신경망의 개발을 위해 먼저 다양한 도심지 터널 및 지하굴착 현장 계측자료를 수집하여 데이터베이스를 구축하고 이를 인공신경망 학습에 필용한 학습데이터를 구축하는데 활용하였다. 개발된 인공신경망은 학습에 활용되지 않은 검증 데이터 세트를 및 현장계측자료를 활용하여 결정계수(R²), 평균제곱근오차(Root Mean Square Error; RMSE), 절대평균오차(Mean Absolute Error; MAE) 등 통계적 파라메타를 근거로 하여 신뢰도를 검증하였다. 개발된 인공신경망은 도심지 굴착현장의 예비 설계 및 이에 따른 주변침하를 예측하는데 효율적으로 활용될 수 있는 것으로 평가되었다.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.11-19
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• 2015

Objective : This study aimed to develop and preliminary validate the Mibyeong Questionnaire (MQ) based on Deficiency-Stagnation pattern, which was report of a person's health condition that comes directly from the person. Method : The first phage of developing a MQ was to generate and exhaustive list of all MQ issue that are relevant to the domain of interest, using literature research and expert group discussions. Through those steps, we established MQ with 33 items divided into two parts: 21-item deficiency pattern and 12-item stagnation pattern. The second phage, we examined the preliminary tests of reliability and validity including the 16-item Deficiency of MQ (16D-MQ), with data (n=1,890) already collected on the Korean medicine data center in KIOM. Results : Exploratory factor analysis revealed three factors of the 16D-MQ. These factors were fatigue(Qi, 氣); psychic and physical elements(Shen, 神); and skin and hair(Jing, 精). Cronbach's coefficient alpha was 0.876 and the intraclass correlation coefficients was 0.368-0.538. In support of criteria validity, the 16D-MQ was weakly correlated with EQ-5D and physicians's opinion, but it was acceptable. Conclusion : The MQ shows that it has an appropriate level of internal consistency and validity. We think further study to reveal its reliability and validity, including stagnation pattern as well as deficiency pattern, is needed.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.127-139
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to develop a standardized scale to measure consume's impulse purchasing in internet shopping mall. As internet shopping is expanding rapidly, the consumer's impulse purchasing in the internet shopping is also increased. A preliminary 26-item scale was developed through a literature review. 1230 consumers responded to an online survey using the preliminary scale. This research was made with the intention of not only supplying the academic data on the consumer's impulse purchasing but also understanding the consume's basic behavior patterns in internet shopping mall. Then A series of tests, such as test-retest, item-to-total correlation, Cronbach's reliability coefficient and factor analysis, were conducted using the survey data. The final scale with 20-items was constructed in the end. The consume's impulse purchasing in internet shopping mall Scale for Consumers consisted of 4 factors.

• KIEE International Transactions on Electrophysics and Applications
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• 제12C권4호
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• pp.195-200
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• 2002

The objective of this survey is to characterize personal magnetic field exposure of the general population in Korea. The participants of the survey on magnetic field exposure were selected randomly in some occupations. The participant wore the magnetic field meter for about 25∼28 hours and the data were stored in the meter. Because this is a preliminary for the main survey, it was done with 36 participants only. For the main survey, about 400 subjects by occupation will be done. The statistics of the 24-hour exposure data are the major concern of this survey However the survey provided the opportunity to analyze exposures corresponding to different types of activities. It was analyzed by separating periods of time corresponding to the following activities: entire 24-hour period, in bed, at work and by occupation.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.9-17
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• 1992

본 논문에서는 교량의 예비설계 단계중에서 상부구조 형식의 선정에 대한 전문가 시스템을 구축하는 것을 나타낸다. 본 시스템을 구축하기 위한 도구로는 전진추론방식 및 생산시스템으로 지식표현되는 전문가 시스템 개발용 도구인 K-CLIPS가 이용되었으며, 이 도구 위에서 구성된 지식 모듈, 데이터 베이스 및 지식 베이스로 시스템이 구성되었다. 지식 모듈은 주로 교량의 형식 선정과정을 관리하는 설계순서에 관한 지식이고, 지식 베이스 내에 있는 각 부 시스템이 심볼처리에 의해 수행되는 과정에서 데이타 베이스는 이를 지원해 주는 역할을 한다.

• International Journal of Reliability and Applications
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.55-79
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• 2015

It is well known that using any additional information in the estimation of unknown parameters with new sample of observations diminishes the sampling units needed and minimizes the risk of new estimators. There are many rational reasons to assure that the existence of additional information in practice and there exists many practical cases in which additional information is available in the form of target value (initial value) about the unknown parameters. This article is described the problem of how the prior initial value about the unknown parameters can be utilized and combined with classical Bayes estimator to get a new combination of Bayes estimator and prior value to improve the properties of the new combination. In this article, two classes of Bayes-shrinkage and preliminary test Bayes-shrinkage estimators are proposed for the scale parameter of exponential distribution. The bias, risk and risk ratio expressions are derived and studied. The performance of the proposed classes of estimators is studied for different choices of constants engaged in the estimators. The comparisons, conclusions and recommendations are demonstrated.

• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.5-13
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• 2010

Industrialization and urbanization occurred-traffic delay, traffic accident and parking problem etc.-variety of transportation problems. Parking problem is one of the transportation problem then transportation engineers would get involved in trying to solve parking problem. A way to overcome a variety of parking problems needs preliminary data for conditions of parking but it lacks the preliminary data to do so. Thus this study analyzed a characteristic of a parking through a field survey for parking in Daegu Metropolitan City. This study analyzed parking characteristic of parking operation method. This study result reveals difference between a toll parking and a no charge parking characteristic. Thus a close examination for a toll parking characteristic and a no charge parking characteristic is a prerequisite for a rational parking policy.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제19권7호
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• pp.1780-1786
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• 1995

The main goal of the present study is to establish the techniques and methodolgies of turbine performance test through evaluating the objective turbine test piece, and checking the reliability of the self-developed test facility by performing a series of turbine tests under ambient temperature condition. A high speed coupling, a lubrication system and a test bed of the test facility were modified through a series of preliminary test in order to reduce the vibration and oil leakage. The flowrate control of the test facility and data acquisition were accomplished by using a software called "Labview" The measurement of shaft horse power and control of rotational speed according to the conditions of turbine rotation were performed by a separate system. The preliminary evaluation of the measured data suggests that the developed test facility and the test technique can be used reliably for the performance test of turbines with the minor improvement.provement.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.147-152
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• 2005

The exhaust system of automobile is faced with random or spectrum types of fatigue loads during usage life and so needs to be closely estimated for quality and performance to have enough certainty on design endurance lift during preliminary design process. Structural operation conditions, operation load history, property of material and manufacturing process etc. should be considered by performing experiment approach. Using the software program for predicting fatigue life quickly and exactly in preliminary design stage saves plenty of time and cost generated by fatigue tests. In this paper, fatigue life prediction was performed on the basis of fatigue analysis using MSC/FATIGUE and load data from field test and the life of development items was estimated and compared through the results.