• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
• /
• 제40권2호
• /
• pp.83-89
• /
• 2013

Objective: To investigate outcomes of stimulated IVF cycles in which GnRH antagonist was omitted on the ovulation triggering day. Methods: A total of 86 women who underwent controlled ovarian hyperstimulation with recombinant FSH and GnRH antagonist flexible multiple-dose protocols were recruited and prospectively randomized into the conventional group (group A) or cessation group (group B). The GnRH antagonist, 0.25 mg/day of cetrorelix, was started when the leading follicle reached 14 mm in diameter and was continuously administered until the hCG triggering day (group A, 43 cycles) or until the day before hCG administration (group B, 43 cycles). The maturity of oocytes, fertilization rate, embryo quality, and implantation and clinical pregnancy rates were evaluated. Results: The duration of ovarian stimulation, total dose of gonadotropins, serum estradiol levels on hCG administration day, and number of oocytes retrieved were not significantly different between the two groups. The total dose of GnRH antagonist was significantly lower in group B than group A ($2.5{\pm}0.9$ vs. $3.2{\pm}0.8$ ampoules, p<0.05). There was no premature luteinization in any of the subjects. The proportion of mature oocytes and fertilization rate were not significantly different in group B than group A (70.7% vs. 66.7%; 71.1% vs. 66.4%, respectively). There were no significant differences in the implantation or clinical pregnancy rates. Conclusion: Our prospective randomized study suggested that cessation of GnRH antagonist on the hCG administration day during a flexible multiple-dose protocol could reduce the total dose of GnRH antagonist without compromising its effects on pregnancy rates.

• 대한수의학회지
• /
• 제40권1호
• /
• pp.187-195
• /
• 2000

The ejaculates from 67 HanWoo prove bull, bred in Livestock Improvement Main center of NLCF, were used to determine the correlation between the sperm motional characteristics and the pregnancy rate of artificial insemination(AI). The motional characteristics of sperm were analysed by Computer-assisted sperm analyser(CASA), thereafter inseminated equally 1,256 heads of cow regarding to parity, age, and live weight. There were no significant difference(p>0.05) in the pregnancy rate according to year from 1996 to 1998, but the LIN, ALH, STR, BCF, MAD and WOB of sperm in the year 1997, were highest pregnancy rate, were higher than those of sperm in the year 1998, were lowest pregnancy rate(p<0.05). The semen had no significant effect on pregnancy rate according to season(p>0.05). However spring, had a little higher pregnancy rate than that of autumn, were higher than autumn in VSL, VAP, LIN, ALH, BCF, MAD and WOB, but in DNM. The pregnancy rates of spring in the year 1996 and 1997 were higher than that of autumn in the year 1998(p<0.05). The spring in the year 1997, highest in pregnancy rate, were higher than the autumn in the year 1998 in VSL, VAP, LIN, STR, BCF, MAD and WOB, but in DNM(p<0.05). There were no the motion characteristic of sperm that was significant correlate with pregnancy rate of AI as the semen were analysed before artificial insemination and those, had some degree characteristics in motility, viability and abnormality, were used to AI. However there were a tendency that the higher the VSL, VAP, ALH, LIN, STR, BCF, MAD and WOB and the lower the DNM were, the higher the pregnancy rate of AI were.

• 대한생식의학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한불임학회 2003년도 제45차 추계학술대회
• /
• pp.119.1-119.1
• /
• 2003

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
• /
• 제39권1호
• /
• pp.33-39
• /
• 2012

Objective: We devised a novel strategy, a GnRH antagonist protocol with a GnRH agonist trigger followed by frozen-thawed blastocyst transfers with long zona dissection (LZD). The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical outcomes of this new strategy according to age. Methods: Ninety women aged less than 35 (group A) and 32 women aged 35 to 39 (group B) underwent the GnRH antagonist protocol with a GnRH agonist trigger in order to obtain many oocytes and prevent early-onset ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS). All oocytes were cultured to the blastocyst stage and all blastocysts grade 3BB or better were cryopreserved. Embryo transfers were only performed in freeze-thaw cycles to prevent late-onset OHSS and to overcome embryo-endometrium dyssynchrony. LZD was performed just after thawing to improve hatching and implantation rates. Results: The average numbers of retrieved oocytes and blastocysts grade 3BB or better were $12.8{\pm}5.5$ and $4.4{\pm}2.6$ in group A and $10.9{\pm}7.4$ and $2.5{\pm}2.2$ in group B, respectively, and OHSS did not occur in any of the women. Implantation rates were 46.7% in group A and 39.3% in group B. Cumulative clinical pregnancy rates per retrieval were 77.8% in group A and 62.5% in group B. Cumulative ongoing pregnancy rates per retrieval were 71.1% in group A and 53.1% in group B. Conclusion: GnRH antagonist protocol with GnRH agonist trigger followed by frozen-thawed blastocyst transfers with LZD can generate many blastocysts without OHSS and maximize cumulative pregnancy rates per retrieval. This strategy is more effective in young women aged less than 35 than in women aged 35 to 39.

• 한국가축번식학회지
• /
• 제17권1호
• /
• pp.27-34
• /
• 1993

The present study was conducted to examine the reproductive performance of dairy cow at alpine area. 1,515 dairy cows were managemented at above 800m of sea level around the Dea-Gwan Ryeong in Kangweon-Do. The results at this study were as follows ; 1. The average first estrus was 105.0 days after pastruation. 2. The highest percentage ofpregnancy(26.4%) and parturation(27.6%) were obtained at September to November and June to August, respectively. 3. The rate of pregnancy was 61.0%. Pregnancy rates according to insemination times of 1, 2 and 3 were 60.8, 23.5 and 9.8%, respectively and insemination time per pregnancy was 1.64. 4. Ages of first inseminatin, pregnancy and parturition of heifer were 17.9, 18.6 and 27.7 months, respectively. 5. Time of postpartum pregnancy was 133.0 days after parturition, and pregnancy period and calving interval were 279.6 and 410.3 days, respectively. 6. Six ratio of offspring was 52.1% of female versus 47.9% of male, and the proportion of twins was 0.65%. 7. The proportions of normal parturition, stillbirth and abortion were 91.9, 2.2 and 5.9%, respectively.

• 대한수의학회지
• /
• 제29권4호
• /
• pp.589-599
• /
• 1989

A total of 13 synchronized dairy cattle(Holstein) were used to determine pregnancy rates in relation to plasma progesterone, estradiol-$17{\beta}$ levels and serum chemical values on the day of last $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ injection and day of frozen/thawed bovine embryo transfer. The pregnancy rate of recipients with 1.0~4.0ng/ml of progesterone levels at the day of last $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ injection was higher than that of recipients with below 1.0ng/ml or above 4.0ng/ml of progesterone levels. On the day of transfer, optimal progesterone levels were between 1.0ng/ml and 4.0ng/ml coinciding with a pregnancy rate of 88.9%. Pregnancy rate decreased when progesterone levels were below 1.0ng/ml(33.3%) or above 4.0ng/ml(0%). Corpus luteum grade did not affect pregnancy rate and this result revealed that manual palpation of corpus luteum was not valid criterion of corpus luteum function. Progesterone levels as well as pregnancy rate did not significantly differ whether the corpus luteum was on the right($1.62{\pm}1.33ng/ml$; 63.5%) or left ovary($1.99{\pm}0.61ng/ml$; 85.0%). Estradiol-$17{\beta}$ levels were not significantly different between pregnant and nonpregnant recipients, but estradiol-$17{\beta}$ levels($82.2{\pm}13.5$ VS. $72.3{\pm}10.1pg/ml$) were higher at below 1.0ng/ml of progesterone, and pregnancy rates(33.3 VS. 80%) tended to be lower than above 1.0ng/ml of progesterone. Total cholesterol levels on the day of last $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ injection and day of transfer did not affect pregnancy rate. Calcium and inorganic phoshorus levels belonged to normal range in most of the recipients. These range did not affect pregnancy rate. In reviewing above results, plasma progesterone levels(1.0~4.0ng/ml) at the time of transfer are diagnostic value for screening recipients prior to transfer of frozen/thawed bovine embryos.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
• /
• 제4권
• /
• pp.109-113
• /
• 1986

수정란이식에 있어서 수란우의 조건에 따른 수태율을 조사하기 위하여 생수 14 ~24개월되는 젖소 처녀우 29두와 한우 처녀우 1두, 그리고 젖소 경산우 3두 계33두의 수란우에 morulae stage부터 advanced blastocyst stage의 수정란을 각각 1개씩 이식하여 이들 수란우의 연령, 이식된 계절, 반복사용 그리고 공란우와 수란우간의 발정동기화 시차 등에 따른 수태율을 조사하였으며 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 수란우의 연령에 따른 수태율은 경산우가 100%로 좋았고 18개월 이상의 처녀우가 78%로 높았다. 14개월 이하의 어린 처녀우가 가장 나쁜 67%를 보였다. 2. 이식한 계절에 따른 수란우의 수태율을 보면 겨울(11월~1월)과 봄(2월~4월)이 각각 100%, 83%로 가을(8월~10월)의 50%보다 좋았다. 3. 1차 이식 후 불임된 수란우의 재사용에 따른 수태율은 1차에 사용된 31두 수란우 중 25두가 수태, 80.7%의 수태율을 보였으나 2차례 이용된 2두는 모두 임신되지 못했다. 4. 공란우와 수란우의 발정동기화의 시차에 따른 수태율은 -(before donor) 12 시간, -6 시간, +(after donor) 6시간, +12 시간, 그리고 +12시간 이상에서 각각 100%, 86%, 67%, 79% 그리고 50%로 공란우보다 빠른편이 수태율이 늦은 우군보다 높았고 ${\pm}12$시간 이내의 동기화된 우군에서 좋은 수태율을 보였다.

• 대한약침학회지
• /
• 제25권2호
• /
• pp.106-113
• /
• 2022

Objectives: Herbal medicine is a worldwide health topic. Vitex agnus-castus L. (VAC) is a popular plant used for gynecologic problems due to its hormonal effects. The aim of this study is to reveal VAC extract effect on fetus when this herb is used started from antenatal period or during pregnancy. Methods: Performed from starting day of January 2019 till February 2019, 48 rats were assigned in randomly divided eight-member six groups: control (C1), treated group with 365 mg/kg VAC from initiation of insemination (T1) and 30 days prior to pregnancy (T2), control that underwent caesarean section on 15^th day of gestational age (C2) and treated group with 365 mg/kg VAC from initiation of insemination (T3) and 30 days prior to pregnancy (T4) that underwent caesarean section. Weight, sex and number of fetuses, abortion and still birth rate and estradiol level were evaluated using t-test by SPSS software. Results: We showed increased weight among T1 group considering totally and sex-dependent which is significant (all p-value < 0.05). We also detected significantly decreased weight in T2 in total (p-value < 0.0001) and when considering female fetuses (0.043) but not males (0.17). Although the results showed slightly non-significant increased weight among fetuses of T3 (totally or based on the fetus sex) compared to the control group (C2), T4 group had statistically decreased weight compared to control group. Pregnancy rate and pregnancy outcome were affected by VAC usage. The time of VAC initiation also affected live birth and abortion rates. Conclusion: VAC extract may affect pregnancy rate, live birth rate, abortion and stillbirth rates. Its effect on the weight and the sex showed dual pattern depends on the time of initiation and pregnancy trimester of evaluation. Prescribing this medicinal plant for patients being prone to pregnancy should be with caution. Further study is recommended.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
• /
• 제22권2호
• /
• pp.211-220
• /
• 1995

Though the endometriosis is not always related with infertility, endometriosis causes infertility in some patients. There are many treatment modalities of infertile patients who have endometriosis. In recent years, Assisted Reproductive Technology(ART) have been widely accepted as being a useful tool for the treatment of infertile endometriotic patients. The objective of this study was to evaluate the outcome of ART in infertile endometriotic patients who have been carried out IVF-ET from Jan, 1992 to Dec, 1994 and to compare the results between COH/IUI and IVF-ET in the patients with endometriosis stage I. Tubal disease only patients were grouped(308 patient, 956 cycles) as a control. Endometriosis group was subdivided into 4 groups according to American Fertility Society classification; endometriosis stage I (45 patients, 61 cycles), stage II (26 patients, 39 cycles), stage III (26 pateitns, 37 cycles), stage IV (33 patients, 50 cycles). The outcomes of IVF-ET in endometriosis patients were as follows; The oocyte recovery rates were significantly lower in stage III, IV endometriosis. In case of stage III endometriosis, the fertilization rate was significantly lower than other stages of endometriosis. Clinical pregnancy rates per cycle were not different between the tubal group(22%) and the endometriosis group(25%). According to endometriosis stage, the implantation rate and clinical pregnancy rate were significantly lower in stage IV (5.6%, 16%) compared with other stages (I; 10.0%, 26%, II;9.8%, 31%, III;12.6%, 32%). It suggests that some factor like autoantibodies may inhibit implantation of embryos in stage IV endometriosis. To evaluate the possibility that simply increasing the number of gametes at the site of fertilization might account for pregnancies attributed to IVF-ET, the authors retrospectively analyzed the outcome of couples undergoing IUI during hMG cycles and CC cycles between 1992 and 1994 in the women with endometriosis stage 1. In case of stage I endometriosis, though the COH/IUI group showed lower FSH level and lesser age profile than IVF-ET group, IUI group has resulted in lower pregnancy rates(19.2%) compared with the IVF-ET group(26.2%). In conclusion, endometriotic infertile patients can get comparable pregnancy rates with the tubal factor infertility patients during IVF-ET program. Moreover even in stage I endometriosis, IVF-ET may be an more effective treatment modality than COH/IUI.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
• /
• 제23권1호
• /
• pp.37-42
• /
• 2008

발정 주기와 상관없이 CIDR를 삽입하는 날에 2.5 mg estradiol benzoate, 50 mg progesterone을 주사하였다. CIDR 삽입 후 4일 동안 FSH를 감량법으로 12시간 간격으로 주사하였으며, FSH 주사 5, 6회째에 $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$를 투여했다. 1회째 $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ 주사 24시 간 후 CIDR를 제거하고 GnRH를 주사하였다. 공란 우들을 1번째 $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ 주사 후 60시간과 72시간에 수정을 시켰다. 인공수정 7일 후 회수된 수정란을 수정란 이식 때 prosesterone 농도를 증가시켜 수태율을 향상시키기 위해 수란우에 hCG 1,500 IU를 주사하였다. 수란우의 발정 동기화는 (1) 자연 발정우(natural), (2) 직장 검사로 황체가 존재하는 수란우에 25 mg $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ 처리구($PGF_{2{\alpha}}$), (3) CIDR를 질내에 7일간 삽입하고 제거하는 당일 $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ 25 mg을 투여하는 방법(CIDR + PG법) 및 (4) CIDR를 삽입하고 2.5 mg estradiol benzoate, 50 mg progesterone 주사 후 7일 후 제거하는 당일 $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ 25 mg 투여 후 뒷날 estradiol benzoate 투여(E/P/CIDR/$PGF_{2{\alpha}}$/E) 방법으로 발정을 유도하였다. 계절에 따른 과배란 반응은 회수된 수정란들은 계절간에 유의적 차이가 보여주지 못하였다(봄; 4.18, 여름; 4.36, 가을; 5.50, 겨울 4.38). 신선란(43.4%) 이식 후 수태율은 동결란(17.2%)보다 높게 나타났다. 신선란을 이식하여 hCG 처리한 한우 수란우의 수태율(45.7%)은 대조구(35.3%)보다 약간 높게 나왔다. 그러나 동결란을 수란우에 이식하였을 때, 대조구의 수태율(25.0%)이 hCG 처리구(16.0%)보다 높게 나타났다. 수정란 이식 후 -2, -1, 0 및 1일째의 수란우와 수정란의 동기화 일에 따른 수태율은 20.0, 54.0, 30.3% 그리고 26.3%였다. 자연 발정 수란우, $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$, CIDR/ $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$, E/P/CIDR/ $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$/E로 발정된 수란우들의 수태율은 각각 35.3, 48.0, 29.0 및 40.0%로 나타났다. 하지만 이들 동기화 방법에 따른 유의차는 없었다. 수정란 이식 후 태어난 수송아지와 암 숫송아지의 임신 기간은 각각 288일과 290.5일이었으며, 생시 체중은 각각 28.3과 30.0 kg이었다. 결론적으로 계절에 따른 과배란 반응의 변동은 없었고, hCG 처리, 수란우와 수정란의 동기화, 동기화 방법에 따른 수태율의 향상을 보여주지 못하였다. 향후에는 수정란 이식의 산업화를 위해서는 수정란의 동결과 수태율 향상에 관심을 가져야 할 것이다.