• 대한한방부인과학회지
• /
• 제18권1호
• /
• pp.234-241
• /
• 2005

Hyperemesis gravidarum is a severe and intractable form of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy. It is a diagnosis of exclusion and may result in weight loss; nutritional deficiencies; and abnormalities in fluids, electrolyte levels, and acid-base balance. The peak incidence is at 8-12 weeks of pregnancy, and symptoms usually resolve by week 16. Interestingly, nausea and vomiting of pregnancy is generally associated with a lower rate of miscarriage. The cause of severe nausea and vomiting in pregnancy has not been identified. Extreme nausea and vomiting may be related to elevated levels of estrogens or human chorionic gonadotropin. Once the diagnosis is made, treatment consists of mainly supportive care. Until vomiting is controlled, these patients should be maintained as NPO. We treated 1 patient who had hyperemesis gravidarum and visited Kyung-Won Incheon Oriental Hospital by Herbal medication, acupuncture, moxa and nega therapy and got good result from them.

• 대한생식의학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한불임학회 2006년도 The 5th Biannual Meeting of Pacific Rim Society for Fertility and Sterility
• /
• pp.114-116
• /
• 2006

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제21권3호
• /
• pp.371-375
• /
• 2008

This study investigated the effects of maternal undernutrition during late pregnancy on lamb birth weight. 45 Mongolian ewes, synchronized for oestrus and then mated, were divided into four groups and offered 0.86 MJME/kgw-0.75d-1 (control group; CG : ad libitum access to feed), $0.44MJME/kgw^{-0.75}d^{-1}$ (Restricted Group 3; R3), $0.33MJME/kgw^{-0.75}d^{-1}$ (Restricted Group 2; R2) and $0.20MJME/kgw^{-0.75}d^{-1}$ (Restricted Group 1; R1) respectively during late pregnancy (90-150 days). During restriction, maternal net body weight loss, insulin and NEFA concentrations and lamb birth weight were measured. The results indicated that loss of maternal body weight in R3, R2 and R1 was 4.42, 7.23, 11.13 kg respectively, which was significantly (p<0.01) higher than that in CG (0.93 kg). Insulin concentrations of the ewes in R1, R2 and R3 were lower and were significantly different (p<0.05) between restricted groups and CG at 124 d of pregnancy. NEFA concentrations in all groups tended to decrease from 90d of gestation to parturition and in R1 were significantly (p<0.05) lower than in CG at 124 d of gestation. Lamb birth weight in R1 was significantly lower than in R2, R3 and CG (p<0.05). In conclusion, with decreasing supply of maternal nutrition, the retardation of fetal growth became worse. When the plane of nutrition was below $0.33MJME/kgw^{-0.75}d^{-1}$, significant effects of maternal undernutrition on lamb birth weight were observed.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
• /
• 제34권3호
• /
• pp.65-78
• /
• 2021

Objectives: This study was aimed to investigate the weight change of the high-risk group and the general maternal group and weight-relating factors in the early postpartum period. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of those who received postpartum care from January 1, 2020, to December 31, 2020, in the postpartum care center affiliated with one Korean Medicine hospital. A total of 257 postpartum women's medical charts were included and divided into the high-risk group and the general maternal group. We investigated the weight changes and Body mass index (BMI) of the postpartum women and compared the difference between the two groups after taking the postpartum care. Finally, we used a Pearson correlation analysis to identify the weight-relating factors in the early postpartum period. Results: All the postpartum women showed the following results; 33.81±4.03 years old as the mean age; 22.23±3.28 as pre-pregnancy BMI; 58.21±9.18 kg of pre-pregnancy weight increased into 70.75±9.70 kg in the last month of pregnancy. Of the total 257 patients, 149 (58.0%) of high-risk pregnancy experience and 108 (42.0%) of general pregnancy were included. The edema index right after childbirth was significantly higher in the high-risk group than in the general maternal group (p<0.001), but there was no significant difference in BMI. After treatment with Korean medicine treatments, body weight, BMI, and edema index decreased significantly in both groups (p<0.01). As a result of correlation analysis, weight gain during pregnancy had a significant negative correlation with pre-pregnancy weight and pre-pregnancy BMI and a significant positive correlation with weight and BMI of the last month of pregnancy. In particular, pre-pregnancy BMI and body weight showed a significant negative correlation only in the high-risk group. Postpartum weight loss was significantly positively correlated with pre-pregnancy weight, pre-pregnancy BMI, weight & BMI of the pregnancy last month, weight gain during pregnancy, and decrease in edema (p<0.01) Conclusions: The weight during pregnancy of the high-risk group increased in inverse proportion to the pre-pregnancy BMI. The level of edema right after childbirth was significantly higher than that of the general maternal group, but showed a significant decrease after 2 weeks of Korean medicine treatments. Although it implicates the need for active Korean medicine treatments in the early postpartum period, further studies with controlled groups are needed.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제30권2호
• /
• pp.248-258
• /
• 2020

The vaginal microbiota may be important for pregnancy prognosis because vaginal dysbiosis during pregnancy appears to be related to preterm birth (PTB) or pregnancy loss. Previous reports have indicated that a Lactobacillus-poor microbial flora in the vagina and intrauterine infection by diverse anaerobes ascending from the vagina are associated with undesirable delivery outcomes. However, no research has involved the use of pyrosequencing analysis to examine vaginal microbiota profiles or their potential associations with high-risk pregnancy in Korean women. Vaginal swabs were collected from 500 Korean women for the identification of community state types (CSTs). Of these, 137 samples were further analyzed using a Roche/454 GS Junior pyrosequencer. Three distinct CSTs were identified based on the dominant vaginal microbes: CST I (Lactobacillus crispatus dominated), CST III (Lactobacillus iners dominated), and CST IV (with diverse species of anaerobes). Twelve of the 67 pregnant women had undesirable pregnancy outcomes (four miscarriages and eight PTBs). The dominant microbe in the vaginal microbiota of women who gave birth at full-term was L. crispatus. In contrast, L. iners was the dominant vaginal microbe in women who miscarried. Most (n = 6/8) vaginal microbiota profiles of women who experienced PTB could be classified as CST IV, with diverse bacteria, including anaerobic vaginal species. The present study provides valuable information regarding the characteristics of the vaginal microbiota of Korean women related to high-risk pregnancy. Investigation of the vaginal microbiotic structure in pregnant Korean women is necessary to enable better prediction of adverse pregnancy outcomes.

• 한국임상수의학회지
• /
• 제15권1호
• /
• pp.83-93
• /
• 1998

The purposes of the present study were to evaluate the effect of estrone on the prevention of implantation and pregnancy and the concentrations of estradiol and progesterone or sodium and potassium in the plasma or uterine fluid of pregnant rats injected a single dose of 0, 0.1, 0.4 or 1.0 mg on days 5, 9, or 13 of pregnancy. The body weight gains of pregnant rats were significantly decreased in administering estrone on day 5 of pregnancyi no effect obtained on days 9 or 13. Numbers of viable fetuses were significantly decreased and pre- and post-implantation loss increased by administering estrone 0.1, 0.4 or 1.0 mg and numbers of implantation sites significantly increased by administering estrone 0.1 mg but significantly decreased or not occurred by 0.4 or 1.0 mg on day 5 of pregnancy, respectively, but no effect obtained on days 9 or 13. Plasma estradiol concentrations of pregnant rats were significantly increased on 1, 2 or 18 days after treatment with estrone (1.4 or 1.0 mg and 3 days after 0.4 mg on day 5 of pregnancy, respectively. But plasma progesterone concentrations had no effect on the treatment with estrone. Plasma sodium contents were significantly increased on 1 day after treatment with estrone 0.1 or 1.0 mg and 3 days after 0.1 mg on day 5 of pregnancy, respectively, except potassium content were no detectable change. Sodium contents in uterine fluid were significantly increased on 1 day after treatment with estrone 1.0 mg and 3 days after 0.1, 0.4 or 1.0 mg on day 5 of pregnancy, respectively. And potassium contents were significantly increased on 1 or 2 days after treatments with estrone 0.1 mg but significantly decreased on 3 days after 0.4 or 1.0 mg on day 5 of pregnancy, respectively. It is suggested that the prevention of implantation and failure of pregnancy could be induced by treatment with estrone 0.4 mg on day 5 of pregnancy and might be interrelated with changes of plasma estradiol concentration and sodium and potassium contents in uterine fluid.

• 대한간호학회지
• /
• 제21권2호
• /
• pp.150-167
• /
• 1991

The intent of this longitudinal descriptive correlational study is to investigate the change of the mother - infant interactions over the periods of one month, three months and six months of the infant's age. This study is also intended to explore the interrelationships among three major factors- the perception of pregnancy, the mother -infant inter-action and the maternal attitude. The samples participated are 36 pairs of mother and infant from two university hospitals in Seoul. A data collection was made, from October in 1988 to September in 1989, for each subject at five periods of time ; prenatal period (after 36 weeks in pregnancy), postpartum two or three days, one month, three months and six months of infant's age. The research tools used in this investigation are Mother - Infant Play Interaction Scale (MIPIS), Prenatal Self- Evaluation Questionnaire and Cohler's Maternal Attitude Scale. Some of the findings are as follows ; 1. There is a significant increase in the mother - infant interaction from one month to three months and six months of infant's age. The highest score of the mother - infant interaction during three periods is at the time of three months. 2. The primipara's mother -infant interaction is not affected by the demographic characteristics, such as age, education and vocation of mother, types of delivery, or sex of infant. 3. Among seven categories of the perception of pregnancy, the most positively perceived categories by primiparas are acceptance of pregnancy and identification of. a motherhood role : whereas the negative ones are preparation for labor, concern for well -being of self and baby, md fear of pain, helplessness and loss of control in order of negativity. 4. There is no significant relationship between the perception of pregnancy and the mother - infant interactions. 5. There is no significant change in the maternal attitude over the period of one month, three months, and six months of infant's age. 6. There is no significant relationship between the maternal attitude and the mother - infant interactions. 7, The significant relationships are (end between the perception of pregnancy and maternal attitude, especially in the categories of concern for well -being of self and baby, accetance of pregnancy, identification of a motherhood role, fear of pain, helplessness and loss of control, and relationship with husband. In conclusion, it is confirmed that primipara's mother-infant interactions change over time period, and that perception of pregnancy and the maternal attitude do not affect the mother-infant interactions despite a significat relationship between those two variables. The implications of this investigation include a suggestion that nurses need to teach and demonstrate to mothers how to care for and interact with their infants, with a view to improving the mother-infant interactions which can be obtained through the improvement of maternal sensitivity to their infants.

• 농업과학연구
• /
• 제49권1호
• /
• pp.11-18
• /
• 2022

A disrupted immune system during pregnancy is involved in pregnancy complications, such as spontaneous abortion, preeclampsia, and recurrent pregnancy loss. This study examined the role of toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 and ASC (apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD [c-terminal caspase recruitment domain]) in pregnancy complications using a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced miscarriage mice model. Incidences of miscarriage and embryonic resorption were examined at 9.5 days of pregnancy in wild-type (WT), ASC knockout (KO), and TLR4 KO mice after injecting them with LPS. The fetuses and placenta were obtained after sacrifice at 15.5 days of pregnancy. A significantly lower frequency of fetus absorption was found in TLR4 KO mice, whereas corresponding absorption outcomes were strongly induced in the WT and ASC KO mice upon an LPS injection. As expected, TLR4 KO mice were resistant to LPS-induced abortion. A histological analysis of the miscarried placenta showed increasing levels of the eosin staining of spongiotrophoblast cells without any obvious difference between WT and ASC KO mice. These results suggest that TLR4 KO mice are resistant to LPS, which affects pregnancy persistence, whereas WT and ASC KO mice show high miscarriage rates due to LPS. Moreover, the ASC adaptor is not directly involved in LPS-induced miscarriages, and the NLRP3 inflammasome can be activated by other proteins in the absence of ASC.

• 대한생식의학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한불임학회 2006년도 The 5th Biannual Meeting of Pacific Rim Society for Fertility and Sterility
• /
• pp.150.1-150.1
• /
• 2006

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제16권3호
• /
• pp.342-347
• /
• 2003

The enzyme $20{\alpha}$-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase ($20{\alpha}$-HSD) catabolizes progesterone to $20{\alpha}$-dihydroprogesterone ($20{\alpha}$-OHP), and is appeared in rat corpora luteal and placenta. A polled samples of 10-15 placental and ovarian tissues collected from each individual rat were subjected to measurement of $20{\alpha}$-HSD activity. A $20{\alpha}$-HSD activity in the cytosol fraction was based on the generation of NADPH. In this study, it is designed to study cytosolic $20{\alpha}$-HSD activity in rat ovarian and placenta during pregnancy, and its relationship to embryonic mortality. It was found that from days 5 to 18 of pregnancy the $20{\alpha}$-HSD activities steady by decreased but at parturition time rapidly increased in ovary. On the other hand, placental cytosolic $20{\alpha}$-HSD activities were high detected from days 8 to 10 of pregnancy, not detectable from days 11 to 20 of pregnancy, but again very high at the time of parturition. Analysis of DEAE column chromatography revealed that two different types of $20{\alpha}$-HSD (HSD-1 and HSD-2) were found with similar activity in the placental cytosol on day 10 of pregnancy. The number of fetuses on day 10 of pregnancy was 15.4 and decreased significantly to 12.9 on day 12. The results suggested that expression of $20{\alpha}$-HSD in the placental tissues seems to be related the number of fetal survived in the specific time (days 11 and 12) which spontaneous fetal loss occurs.