• 한국안전학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.162-168
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• 2005

노말프로판올과 노말데칸의 가연성혼합물의 하부인화점을 Tag개방식 장치를 이용하여 측정하였다. 실험결과 인화점과 조성의 관계에서 혼합물 보다 낮은 인화점을 보여주었다. 노말 프로판올의 몰분율 0.71에서 $27^{\circ}C$였으며, 노말프로판올의 인화점은 $28^{\circ}C$였다. 실험 결과는 이상용액을 근거로 한 예측 값과 활동도계수 예측식인 van Laar식을 사용하여 계산된 값을 각각 비교하였다. 이상용액 개념을 이용한 예측 값은 실험 값과 차이를 보였으나, van Laar 식에 의한 예측 값은 실험 값과 일치하였으며, van Laar식에 의한 예측 값과 실험 값은 평균 $0.83^{\circ}C$차이를 보였다. 본 연구에서 제시된 방법론은 가연성물질에 대해 안전한 저장 및 취급하는 조건의 결정과 같은 화학공정 설계의 본질적 안전 설계에 적용할 수 있다.

• 한국정보처리학회논문지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.144-152
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• 1996

스펙트럼 요구가 증가하고 무선국수가 급증함에 따라 같은 주파수를 공유 또는 재사용 가능성을 평가하는 기반기술인 스펙트럼 엔지니어링 기술에 관한 연구가 시급 히 요구되고 있다. 또한 무선기지국에 대한 서비스 영역이나 기자국 선정등 무선망 설계의 기반기술이 되는 전파분석 기술은 산악이 70%이상인 국내 전파환경상 외국의 연구결과와 치이점이 있을 수 있기 때문에 독자적으로 개발할 필요가 있다. 본 논문에 서는 ; 이 두 분야를 동시에 시뮬레이션 가능하도록 전체 구성요소를 제시하였으며, 국내 전파환경에 적합한 전파전파 예측모델을 제시함과 동시에 GIS(Geographic Information System)를 기반으로 무선 기지국 장소 선정을 현장감 있게 한 시뮬레이터 를 설계 및 구현하였다. 구현된 시뮬레이터를 이용하여 주파수할당, 치국설계, 무선 서비스범위 업무에 적용시킬 수 있음을 보였다. 그리고 전파분석 결과를 고찰해볼 때, 전파전파 예측치와 실측치의 오차는 표준편차 약 5∼7dB로서 실용성이 있다고 판단한다.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.328-336
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• 1999

본 연구에서는 암석절리에 대한 수리-역학적 거동이 동시에 가능한 실내시험장치로서 회전식 전단시험기를 제작 하였다. 회전식 전단시험기는 시료의 양 끝에 비틀림 모멘트를 가함으로써 전단응력을 발생시키도록 하였다. 실험결과 회전식전단시험에 의한 절리의 최대전단강도는 직접전단시험에 의한 값보다 과소평가되었다. 이는 비틀림에 의한 전단응력이 회전축의 반경에 따라 변하며 특히 회전축 중심부에서는 전단응력이 거의 작용하지 않기 때문인 것으로 판단된다. 절리에서의 유체유동은 절리 거칠기, 접촉 면적, 초기간극 등에 의해 주로 영향을 받는 것으로 알려져 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 초기간극의 측정을 통하여 전단-유동에 대한 수리 간극과 역학적 간극사이의 관계를 알아보았다. 초기간극의 측정과 전단-유동 상호작용시험의 결과에 근거하여, 역학적 모델과 삼승법칙으로부터 계산된 역학적 간극과 수리 간극은 체적 팽창이 발생함에 따라 증가하며 이들 사이에는 좋은 선형관계가 있음을 보였다. 그러나 수리 간극과 역학적 간극사이에는 다소 차이가 발생하였는데 이는 평행 평판모델에 의해 예측된 거동으로부터 수리 간극이 벗어남을 나타낸다.

• 한국통계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국통계학회 2004년도 학술발표논문집
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• pp.179-184
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• 2004

Statistical process control (SPC) and engineering process control (EPC) are based on different strategies for process quality improvement. SPC reduces process variability by detecting and eliminating special causes of process variation, while EPC reduces process variability by adjusting compensatory variables to keep the quality variable close to target. Recently there has been need for an integrated process control (IPC) procedure which combines the two strategies. This article considers a scheme that simultaneously applies SPC and EPC techniques to reduce the variation of a process. The process disturbance model under consideration is an IMA(1,1) model with a location shift. The EPC part of the scheme adjusts the process, while the SPC part of the scheme detects the occurrence of a special cause. For adjusting the process repeated adjustment is applied by compensating the predicted deviation from target. For detecting special causes the two kinds of exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) control chart are applied to the observed deviations: One for detecting location shift and the other for detecting increment of variability. It was assumed that the adjustment of the process under the presence of a special cause may change any of the process parameters as well as the system gain. The effectiveness of the IPC scheme is evaluated in the context of the average cost per unit time (ACU) during the operation of the scheme. One major objective of this article is to investigate the effects of the process parameters to the ACU. Another major objective is to give a practical guide for the efficient selection of the parameters of the two EWMA control charts.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.106-113
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• 2008

The starter motor noise is usually well identified by the customers since it is operated while the engine is quiet, and leaves distinct impressions of the vehicle. In this study the design of experiments(DOE) was applied to the identification of the noise sources of direct drive starter motor since this process usually requires lengthy analysis and elaborate experiments. In the first stage of the test, five controllable factors(alignment and dynamic unbalance of armature, tightening torques of T/bolt and center bracket bolt, and alignment of the center bracket-yoke-rear bracket), excluding static unbalance, are sorted out of all possible factors. Test results showed that the dynamic unbalance and misalignment of armature are the major factors. However, the error level of the first test was relatively high, indicating that there might be some missing major factors. In the second stage test the results showed that both static and dynamic unbalances are the dominant factors contributing to more than 80% of the overall noise, while the misalignment contributes around 12%. Error of the second test was about 4% that could be considered satisfactory. The noise level of the optimal product was predicted to be reduced by 19dBA, and verification test showed the average noise reduction of 16.8dBA with the standard deviation of 3.2dBA, and proved the usefulness of the whole DOE process.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.248-256
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• 2016

The present study investigated the effect of enzyme inclusion on silage quality using meta-analysis tool. A total of 16 research papers reporting the effect of enzyme application on silage quality were employed in the meta-analysis of this study. Mixed model for integrating quantitative results from multiple studies was used first to calculate the predicted error of each study. Individual error from the estimated model was the applied into standard deviation of each study to calculate the mean difference. Finally, summary effect was determined using standard mean difference (SMD) and inversed variance weighting. Mixed model analysis and SMD analysis showed the same effect patterns in all analysis items. Enzyme inclusion in silage significantly (p < 0.05) altered all silage quality characteristics investigated compared to control when enzyme was not included. Our results showed that enzyme treatment increased dry matter content, preserved crude protein effectively, and elevated water soluble carbohydrate content. However, the pH value, acetic acid, propionic acid, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber contents in silage with enzyme inclusion were lower than those of the control.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.291-321
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• 2011

The paper describes a simple numerical FLAC model that was developed to simulate the dynamic response of two instrumented reduced-scale model reinforced soil walls constructed on a 1-g shaking table. The models were 1 m high by 1.4 m wide by 2.4 m long and were constructed with a uniform size sand backfill, a polymeric geogrid reinforcement material with appropriately scaled stiffness, and a structural full-height rigid panel facing. The wall toe was constructed to simulate a perfectly hinged toe (i.e. toe allowed to rotate only) in one model and an idealized sliding toe (i.e. toe allowed to rotate and slide horizontally) in the other. Physical and numerical models were subjected to the same stepped amplitude sinusoidal base acceleration record. The material properties of the component materials (e.g. backfill and reinforcement) were determined from independent laboratory testing (reinforcement) and by back-fitting results of a numerical FLAC model for direct shear box testing to the corresponding physical test results. A simple elastic-plastic model with Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion for the sand was judged to give satisfactory agreement with measured wall results. The numerical results are also compared to closed-form solutions for reinforcement loads. In most cases predicted and closed-form solutions fall within the accuracy of measured loads based on ${\pm}1$ standard deviation applied to physical measurements. The paper summarizes important lessons learned and implications to the seismic design and performance of geosynthetic reinforced soil walls.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.497-507
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• 1993

Four truncation selection schemes (SSs) were framed to predict and compare the age structures and genetic responses under the influence of various factor employing the scheme-specific algorithms. Two paths of selection, sires (bulls' sires) and dams (bulls' dams) to breed young bulls were considered. Among variable factors, four levels (0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 0.9) of precision of evaluation, five levels (0.0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20 genetic standard deviation) of genetic differences among age classes and 4 levels of proportions selected (for bulls' sire, 0.05, 0.10, 0.125, 0.25, and for bulls' dams 0.02, 0.04, 0.05, and 0.10) contemplated on both paths of selection. The number of age classes for bulls' dams and bulls' sires were 4 or 8 and 2 or 4, respectively. The stayability across age classes for bulls' dams was assumed to be 0.80 or 0.60. The candidates for selection for bulls' sires were equally distributed (0.5 or 0.25) across the age classes. The SS1 (selection on same proportions as candidates' distribution) revealed longest generation lengths and lowest yearly genetic responses. The average ages were youngest and yearly genetic responses were highest in SS4 (selection at each age-specific truncation point with the same average genetic superiority of selected parents across the ages) and followed by SS3 (selection at each agespecific truncation point with same predicted genetic values) and SS2 (selection at common truncation point on phenotypic values) in a population with overlapping generations. The results revealed the importance of choosing suitable selection scheme to acquire maximum yearly genetic responses especially when the genetic differences among age classes are large and the precision of evaluation is relatively low.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.133-141
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• 2011

The effect of payload on fuel consumption and emission of light duty freight truck during acceleration driving has been analyzed. Running tests were carried out with various payload conditions on chassis dynamometer. A typical driving pattern for urban cities was used. Real time emission measurement systems for gaseous and soot emission were utilized to investigate the real time dynamic of fuel use and exhaust emissions. It was observed that fuel use and pollutant emissions were increased as payload was increased. Under the same payload condition, the increased amount of acceleration driving is much higher than that of steady state driving. The results demonstrated the advantages of eco-driving, which is an environmentally friendly driving manner, could be emphasized in heavier payload condition. Inertial tractive power was introduced for considering the parameters affecting emission during acceleration driving, which are speed, acceleration and payload. Fuel use and emission in various driving conditions were expressed as functions of inertial tractive power. The estimated result by these functions well predicted measured result within 10 % deviation.

• 한국해양환경ㆍ에너지학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.31-38
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• 2005

본 연구에서는 PMV기반-공조시스템 설계를 위한 기초자료 조사를 목적으로 6가지 물리적/주관적 온열요소의 특성을 평가하였다. 물리적 온열요소의 평가에서는 25톤 함정의 조타실과 통신실, 100톤 함정의 기관실에서 열적 불만족이 발생할 수 있었다. 착의상태 및 활동상태 항목은 육상 실내건축의 내용을 선상 근무에 맞게 수정하여 이용하였다. 주관적 온열요소 중 의닦의 열 저항치는 모든 함정의 선실에서 승조원 사이의 편차가 커서 신진대사량에 비해 온열평가에 미치는 영향이 더 민감한 것으로 나타났다. 주관적 온열요소의 분포는 대체로 표준 정규분포보다 오른쪽으로 꼬리가 긴 비대칭분포를 보였다.