• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.421-432
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• 2010

In Korea, about 80 academic departments related to fire science are in operation throughout the country, but fire science is not included as a branch science in the science classification system acknowledged by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology and its position as a science is not solid yet. In response to this problem, research is being made actively to establish fire science recently. This study aims at composing the fire service policy theory which is one of sub areas of fire science. First, the concept of fire service policy should be established, and fire service policies should be divided into different types. In addition, it is necessary to examine the direction of the development of fire service policies in Korea, and the unique characteristics of fire service policies should be described. Next, we will mention fire service policy making and participants, theories on the determinants of fire service policies, the execution of fire service policies, and the evaluation of fire service policies. Particularly, based on the peculiarity of fire service, it is necessary to explain policies on fire prevention and precaution, fire investigation, rescue and first aid, public campaigns for safety and prevention, fire insurance, etc. Finally, we suggest the future directions of fire service policies according to the change of environment in the future.

• 한국환경농학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.07a
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• pp.3-18
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• 2009

It is difficult for consumers to satisfy high safety request with post-management method such as inspection and surveillance, as various changes in-and-out of the country associated with food safety. In terms of food safety problems related to foods, it is crucial to recognize public health and consumer protection and construct pre-preventive Food Control System. A joint committee, FAO/WHO made the following consultations to the National Food Safety System. ${\circ}$ Approach entirely from farm to table ${\circ}$ Get ready for Risk Analysis System ${\circ}$ Secure transparency ${\circ}$ Establish the optimal policy by evaluating the effect of regulation When it comes to summarizing the consultation, it would be accumulated as two key words; "Efficiency" and "Credibility". Whereas the problem of efficiency focuses on precaution rather than post-management, it requires policy option to maximize consumer's benefit by evaluating the cost for the Food Safety Management and its benefit. Also, analyzing risk's character and amount, demanding an optimal means, and introducing scientific analysis system put much value on the stakeholder's communications are procedure's security which can satisfy both "Efficiency" and "Credibility" simultaneously. Especially, it is emphasized here that Risk Assessment need to be separated from Risk Management. This action is a valid means of credibility security throughout improving transparency. A number of nations and organizations have reformed the method of food management passing through reflection and examination of the prior National Food Safety Management since BSE occurred in Britain, 1996. FSA; Food Standard Agency, AFFSA, EFSA, BfR, and FSC are Risk Assessment Organization functionally separated from Risk Management Organization, JECFA, JMCFA, JMPR, JEMRA in Codex charge Risk Assessment internationally. In case of advanced countries excluding several those such as The U.S. and so forth, though these Risk Assessment Organizations are either separated functionally within Risk Management Organization or operated as apart organ, common factors are in which it has independence as Science Base. While securing independence of Risk Assessment Function, it is a tendency Risk Management should be functionally unified into efficiency as well. Though Germany constructs integral Risk Management System of diverse ways according to social and political conditions of each country such as GFOCP, DVFA, SNFA, CFIS and AQIS, there is a key word in the center, "Securing efficiency of Food Safety Management". However our nation has a representative plural；diversified system with The U.S., we took a step forward for unification as empowering policy's generalization；adjustment and Risk Assessment Function by means of enacting the "Food Safety Fundamental Law" in 2008 and establishing the "Food Safety Policy Commission" with private and governmental sectors in the Prime Minister's office. Even though the unification of Risk Management hereby increased, there is the lack of strengthening function of Risk Assessment and securing independence. It needs to be required for the professional committee in Food Safety Policy Commission to develop as a exclusive office of Risk Assessment by separating from a policy decision. Administrative Branches should reinforce feeble functions such as fundamental investigation；research for carrying out Risk Assessment with securing efficiency throughout reassessment of prior Risk Management Means.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.340-347
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• 2010

Though there are many crimes on and out university campus in Korea, no one knows anything about the size or the types of campus crime. But, there are many theft crimes and sex assault in the library and one-room village near the university campus. This study suggested the establish ways and means needed to improve the campus security system, with the focus on the CPTED(Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design). Various types of crime prevention methods are being considered instead of conventional crime suppression measures. Among them, CPTED is drawing global attention. Crime prevention through environmental design is a multi-disciplinary approach to deterring criminal behavior through environmental design. CPTED strategies rely upon the ability to influence offender decisions that precede criminal acts. A truly safe campus can be achieved only through the cooperation of all students, faculty, staff and visitors. The cooperation and involvement of the entire campus community in campus crime prevention is absolutely necessary. University should adopt a series of policies and procedures designed to ensure that every possible precaution is taken to protect persons and property on campus.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.27-34
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• 2005

Photochromic lens is the color changing lens from colorlessness to colorness when exposed to UV light. It can protect eyes from UV-B light which cause the cataract and can be used as sunglass in the summer since it can cut off 70~80% of sun light. Surface coating technique was used to develop lens which has 70% light transmittance and of which fading time of color change is within 5 min. Various color lenses were developed so that these had various color such as blue, green, brown, violet, yellow and red etc. Lens has an excellent physical properties, 100% adhesion and 4~5H hardness. The chemical and the scratch resistance of this lens were the greatest and the thermal stability was also higher. The clinical trial of developed lens were applied to 65 patients who had photophobia by various reasons at ophthalmology of Soonchunhyang University Hospital. Results showed that glaring was significantly reduced and the visual health were remarkably improved. Especially, anti-glaring effect in the night was great for the patient who had the LASIK operation. Protection of UV-B and blue light also can prevent the patient from cataract and the yellowish crystalline lens at old ages. Through the result of clinical. trial, we know that photochromic lens could be a new technique for both cure and precaution of photophobia.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.361-368
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• 2016

As the tertiary industry is being developed, many problems are introduced in an industrial area in Korea. This study aims to investigate the residents' health conditions, such as the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and fatty liver diagnosed by ultrasonography, comparing the urban with the industrial areas. The subjects were 378 adults in the urban area and 376 adults in the industrial area. Subject variables accounted for were gender, age, drinking habits, smoking habits, physical activities, waist circumferences and BMI. In blood tests, fasting blood glucose, triglyceride, HDL, blood pressures, total cholesterol, AST, ALT and GGT were examined. Also, the presence and absence of fatty liver, diagnosed using ultrasonography, was investigated. As a result, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome were 43.7% in the urban area and 51.6% in the industrial area, hence it was significantly higher in the industrial area than in the urban area. Fasting blood glucose, triglyceride and waist circumference in the distribution of the individual components were 47.4, 53.7, and 16.1% in the urban area and 54.5, 61.5, and 22.9% in the industrial area respectively, so it was substantially higher in the industrial area than in the urban area. On the other hand, HDL, diastolic blood pressure, and fatty liver were 25.7, 43.4, and 44.7% in the urban area and 21.3, 19.9, and 36.7% in the industrial area respectively and thus it was much higher in the urban area than in the industrial area. In conclusion, this study shows that there were significant differences between the residents' health condition, comparing the urban area to the industrial area. Therefore, the precaution and aggressive management of metabolic syndrome may be necessary, in accordance with the characteristics of the industrial zone.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.535-551
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• 2007

Objectives: This study was conducted to know dental service and fear after research on reliability on dentists and satisfaction on dental hygienists. Methods: This study was conducted by the 325 persons who had the experience of visiting dental medical institution. Statistical analysis was conducted using the SPSS 12.0 with T-test, ANOVA and correlation. The obtained results were as follows: Results: 1. Internal consistency of Dental Beliefs Survey(DBS) and dental hygienists satisfaction questionnaire factors were 0.758~0.908(Cronbach' alpha). And the Cronbach' alpha's coefficients of the all subscales were more than 0.6. So high reliability and validity were identified. 2. As result of analysing fear from general feature, the men feel more fear than women and more fear was felt in the case of having worse teeth status. Fear was higher in case of visiting to dental clinic than in case of visiting dental clinic for precaution. And that was statistically related. 3. Dental fear was higher in the case of having the past pain experience, insufficient anesthesia experience, experience of seeing other persons pain and this was statistically related(P<0.01)(P<0.05). 4. Average of reliability on dentists was 37.9, person who has high reliability was 81.8%, person who has low reliability was 18.2%, average of satisfaction on dental hygienists was 31.5%(Satisfaction on dental hygienists was 51.1% and dissatisfaction on dental hygienists was 48.9%). 5. Higher dentists reliability and satisfaction on dental hygienists has lower fear considering general feature and dental clinic use behavior but person who has the dental clinic to go regularly has higher dentists reliability and satisfaction on dental hygienists where, however, fear was not low. 6. As result of analyzing correlation between dental service and dental clinic use behavior, satisfaction on dental hygienists was negatively related to reliability on dentists and fear. And, reliability on dentists was positively related to fear, pain experience in dental clinic, incomplete anesthesia experience, near person pain experience(experience on seeing person in pain), which were statistically related(p<0.01). Conclusions: In relation to general features and reliability on dentists and satisfaction on dental hygienists caused by dental clinic use behavior, dental fear was decreased when reliability and satisfaction are higher. Group with low dental fear had higher reliability on dentists and satisfaction on dental hygienists than group with high dental fear but only reliability on dentists was statistically related(p<0.05).

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.41 no.8
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• pp.767-775
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• 2008

Uncoupling protein-1 (UCP-1) plays a major role in thermogenesis at brown adipose tissues and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of obesity and metabolic disorders. The purpose of this study was to estimate the effects of A-3826G polymorphism in 117 Korean prepubertal children aged 8-11 years olds. Anthropometry by bioelectrical impedance analysis method, plasma lipid profiles by auto-biochemical analyzer and UCP-1 genotyping by PCR-RFLP were done. The frequencies of UCP-1 genotypes were AA; 17.7%, AG; 57.8%, GG; 26.6%. The frequencies of each G allele (55.5%) was similar to Japanese's (49%) and higher than Caucacian's (25%). No correlation UCP-1 polymorphism and BMI (kg/$m^2$) or the degree of obesity described by the relative percentiles of the standard weight according to height in prepubertal children. However, plasma total- and LDL-cholesterol were significantly increased in G allele when sex, age and weight were adjusted. Our results suggested that G allele of UCP-1 gene was stronger risk factors in hyperLDLcholesterolemia than A allele. This impact might be progressed as the precaution against the revalence of obesity based-metabolic disease.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.11
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• pp.329-337
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• 2015

Fluorine is an element that promotes dental caries preventive effect at proper concentration level, but may have significantly undesirable impact on dental caries if correct information of fluorine is not recognized. Therefore, this study is intended to evaluate fluorine awareness among the adults in their 20s and analyze oral health conditions based on such awareness in order to promote dental caries preventive effect and convey correct knowledge of fluorine. For this study, 82 adult men and 102 adult women in their 20s, all of whom lived in Daegu, Gyeongsangbuk-do, were surveyed from May 1, 2014 to June 30 of the same year, along with oral health examination to evaluate their oral health conditions. The results of the analysis showed that 19.46% of respondents answered "No" to the question related to awareness towards the use of fluorine in DT rate dental clinic based on the degree of fluorine awareness, which was higher than 11.10% who answered "Yes"(p<.05). Moreover, 18.32%of respondents answered "No" to the question related to whether they were checking the label indicating the fluorine content in product, which was the highest rate, suggesting that the rate was higher when there was stronger tendency to avoid reading the precaution notice (p<.05). In addition, 71.98% of respondents answered "Yes" to the question associated with the awareness to the use of fluorine in FT rate dental clinic based on the fluorine awareness, which was higher than 49.04% of respondents who answered "No" (p<.05). This study is meaningful in that it provides basic data for the implementation of fluorine prevention projects in the period ahead by determining the effect of fluorine awareness on oral health conditions. Based on aforesaid results, both educational and promotional activities need to be carried out vigorously to help raise fluorine awareness.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.134-140
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• 2008

The data on pesticide poisoning death toll during 2000-2005 was obtained from Korean National Statistical Office and analysed to find out any precautionary measures against pesticide poisonings. Pesticide poisoning death toll showed slightly increasing trend with year up to about 3500 in 2005. Most of the pesticide poisoning death cases were intentional self-poisoning accounting for more than 80% of total pesticide poisoning death. The pesticide most often implicated in poisoning death were paraquat dichloride, a non-selective herbicide and organophosphate/carbamate insecticides. The regional distribution of pesticide poisoning death showed urban 21.6% and rural area 78.4%. As for the occupation of the dead, agricultural, forestry and fishery workers accounted for 27.4% and non-agricultural workers was 72.6% of pesticide poisoning death. Therefore, government need to take some precautionary measures to reduce the number of pesticide poisoning cases. It is strongly recommended that pesticide regulatory authorities encourage and train the agricultural workers to use safe storage boxes and enforce strict regulation for the prevention for the prevention of highly toxic pesticides sales to non-agricultural workers.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.12
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• pp.517-529
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to develop and evaluate the scale for university students' health behaviors. This research is based on Roger's(1975) Protection Motivation Theory and Weinstein(1988)'s Precaution Adoption Process Model as theoretical frameworks. The contents of the scale were first abstracted from personal depth interviews of qualitative study on university students' health behavior experiences and review of its related literature. The initial items consisted of 76 behavior questions and 34 perception questions. After conducting the preliminary test, 33 behavior questions and 24 perception questions were selected for the final test by revisions on the basis of the result of the content validity test and the item understanding test. The questionnaires for the final test were distributed to 400 students enrolled in three universities. The questionnaires collected from 373 participants were analyzed by the SPSS program. From the examination of construct validity, item correlation, and factor relation turned out to be relevant. Five factors were determined from 27 items with a cumulative explained variance of 54.498 %. After examining reliability and validity of the collected dat, 27 items were finalized as the scale for university students' health behaviors.