• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.54-66
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• 2016

This paper examines the transition of the Hungarian men's costume. Transition of the Hungarian men's costume can be divided into pre-eighteenth century, eighteenth century, and since the nineteenth century. Hungarian costume was derived from the Magyar who settled in Hungary in the ninth century. Hungry had begun to accept Western culture in the tenth century, so when the prototype of Hungarian costume was completed, it consisted of Dolman, Mente, pants, and boots combining traditional Magyar style with Western European style. In particular, Dolman shows the uniqueness of the Hungarian men's costume; it has a high, stand-up collar in the back center, closes on the left, has a right front plate with a diagonal cut at the waist, and a wide front closure. In the eighteenth century, Hungarian men's costumes played an important role in displaying national pride while living under the oppression of the Habsburg Empire. In particular, Dolman was worn as a uniform at the battle of independence (1703~1710). This dress of male courtiers became the distinctive style of the eighteenth century and then became the basic style of men's costumes. Since the nineteenth century, Hungarian men's costumes have acted as an means to promote the national consciousness of Hungary through the Citizen Revolution (1848), the War of Independence (1849), and the formation of the Dual Empire (1867). Looking at evolution of the Hungarian men's dress style, it reveals that resistance and struggles against other nations, a history of aggression, and living under oppressed are factors that impact on important clothing transitions.

• Journal of the military operations research society of Korea
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2001

In this paper, "a conceptual model of Reconnaissance-Strike-Logistics Complex(RSLC) in future warfare" is proposed. Basic idea of the RSLC model is to combine logistics and the pre-existing Reconnaissance-Strike Complex(RSC) through a C4 network system. That is, the RSLC model consists of reconnaissance, strike, logistics, and C4 network systems. The C4 network system creates new combat power by integrating all the other systems. The RSLC model generates three conceptual complex circles; the RSC, the SLC(Strke-Logistics Complex), and the RSLC circles. The RSC circles describes direct combat behaviors in the battlefield. On the other hand, the SLC circle indicates combat sustainment capabilities. The RSLC circle including the RSC and the SLC circles, can present a more complete combat process. There are two key advantages of the RSLC model. First of all, logistics is considered one of key combat components to form IDA(Information-Decision-Action) cycle for combat decision-making process more completely. Secondly, the capabilities of battlefield awareness which reconnaissance and war-net systems provide, can be applied not only to the strike system in the RSC circle, but also to the logistics system in the SLC circle. Thus, the RSLC model can maximize combat synergy effects by integrating the RSC and the SLC. With a similar logic, this paper develops "A Revised System of Systems with Logistics (RSSL)" which combines "A New system of Systems" and logistics. These tow models proposed here help explain several issues such as logistics environment in future warfare, MOE(Measure of Effectiveness( on logistics performance, and COA(Course of Actions) for decreasing mass and increasing velocity. In particular, velocity in logistics is emphasized.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.192-209
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• 2014

The important national cultural heritages were retrieved. April 25 2014, US President Barack Obama formally returned 9 Seals of Joseon Dynasty and Korean Empire in Korea-US Summit taken place in Cheong Wa Dae. These Seals were taken out of Deoksugung illegally by a US Marine Corps officer during Korean War, handed down to his posterity, and last November 2013 confiscated by HSI in San Diego. Through investigations above facts turned out and it was decided to return these relics to Koera. In the process of surveying these seals, I confimed the authenticity of them and transferred my opinion to Cultural Heritage Administration. In this paper, I try to summarize the historical value of each Seals and suggest the remaining task.

• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.64 no.3
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• pp.453-468
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• 2018

Nat Turner's rebellion in 1831 was considered pre Civil War South's most dreadful nightmare due to the merciless murder of white slave owner victims. The motive of vengeance has been emphasized as that of Turner's notorious black preacher religious fanaticism. However, the recent film, The Birth of a Nation (2016) directed by Nate Parker, utilized the identical title of a film (1915) directed by D. W. Griffith. Providing limited evidence, information about the rebellion in Thomas Gray's pamphlet The Confessions of Nat Turner (1831), was the only accessible historical source for the factual event of the slaves' rebellion. In addition, William Styron's The Confessions of Turner (1967), a fictionalized biography, also examined Turner's life in the harshness of slavery. Although these two texts deal with the personal level of Nat Turner's rage and religious enthusiasm, both provide only fractured parts of the motive of vengeance. Strikingly, Parker's film interrogates the ideology of "victims," as well as the hierarchical term of "confessions," with their different positions between whites and blacks. More specifically, Parker's film offers discursive fields of proslavery arguments regarding biblical interpretations in addition to external visualization of slaves' inner emotional lives. The film demonstrates how the institution of slavery allowed slaves to be exploited, beaten, raped, through interrogating the problematic image of the "contested hero" Nat Turner. In contrast to the traditional image of blacks' bloody rebellion, the film underlines the absurdity of certain Biblical misinterpretations. It furthermore implies how the 1915 film manipulated proslavery propaganda in America.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.638-647
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• 2018

We have to prepare for the existing threats from North Korea and potential threats in the future. It is important to utilize our resources as effectively as possible to build military power that brings victory in a war. Based on a sustainable required operational capability, weapons systems at the acquisition stage need to maintain a combat-readiness posture and ensure operational sustainability. To achieve this, establishment of procedures that develop elements of depot maintenance at the beginning, which enables economical and effective depot maintenance during that stage, is essential. First, the requirement paper needs to develop the concept of the depot maintenance requirement through the pre-study outlined by this paper. Second, at the system development stage, a Development Plan of Depot Maintenance draft should be proposed. This is the initial paper that can develop the elements of depot maintenance, and it should be verified by a field test. Third, each force's logistics command should write a Depot Maintenance Direction draft and a Mid-term Requirement of Elements of Depot Maintenance draft with the proven Development Plan of Depot Maintenance draft. Also, the verified paper needs to be realized and renewed by the time the Requirement of Elements of Depot Maintenance draft is completed. In conclusion, the procedures explained above will contribute to build an economical and effective military power in a reality faced with a resource shortage and threats from the enemy.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.49
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• pp.157-183
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• 2016

Countries across the globe, including those in Europe, are waging a "war against terrorism" as international terrorist groups such as ISIS and lone-wolf terrorists have unleashed various large-scale attacks on rail infrastructure. Anti-South Korean sentiment exists in Muslim-majority countries because the nation has cooperated with the US for its military interventions in the Middle East, and ISIS has threatened to target South Korea four times since September 9, 2015. In addition, North Korea has been left isolated in the international community with its missile and nuclear tests, while further escalating inter-Korean tension and threatening to strike major facilities and attack important figures in the South. These situations imply that South Korea is no longer immune to terrorist attacks. If the nation fails to prevent or deter such terrorist attacks against rail networks, massive casualties, property damage and social confusion would be unavoidable, deteriorating national and international trust in its counter-terrorism policies. This may lead to a national crisis involving decreases in the number of tourists, dampened interest of foreign investors, and capital flight. This study aims to propose policy measures to enhance railroad security checks, based on the work of railroad police officers, for the sake of protecting citizens and public safety. The suggestions include an incremental expansion of railroad security checks; growth of the railroad police force and adjustment of their policing distribution with other police officers; enhancement of security systems across important rail networks; improvement of the Railroad Safety Act; Southeast Asia, including the corresponding strengthening of the national crackdown illegal immigrants, and plans for pre-emptive and regular cooperation among organizations related to the promotion of security checks and the prevention of terrorist attacks.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.35-49
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• 2007

This study analyzed on the developmental process of forest policy direction in Korea and present status of forest desolation in North Korea of the pre and post division of the Korean peninsular with historical point of view and indicates future tasks to take. Forests in Korea were destroyed in the early of 1900s while Korean peninsular was under Japanese colonial rule. In 1945, Korea was divided into two parts, which developed its own forest policy under the different political system. South Korea was at Korean war in 1950 and accomplished the greening movement from 1970s to 1980s. After 1990s, the country has aimed to sustainable forest management. North Korea has focused on forestation until 1960. However, the result has been doubtful with North Korean economic depression, and these days North Korea faces forest desolation due to failures of forest management. Therefore, necessary is that recovery measures for forest desolation in North Korea, cooperation and interchange between North and South Korea and plans of forest management in case of unification.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.1-9
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• 2021

Commander and staffs on the battlefield are aware of the situation and, based on the results, they perform military activities through their military decisions. Recently, with the development of information technology, the demand for artificial intelligence to support military decisions has increased. It is essential to identify, collect, and pre-process the data set for reinforcement learning to utilize artificial intelligence. However, data on enemies lacking in terms of accuracy, timeliness, and abundance is not suitable for use as AI learning data, so a training model is needed to collect AI learning data. In this paper, a methodology for learning artificial intelligence was presented using the constructive wargame model exercise data. First, the role and scope of artificial intelligence to support the commander and staff in the military decision-making process were specified, and to train artificial intelligence according to the role, learning data was identified in the Chang-Jo 21 model exercise data and the learning results were simulated. The simulation data set was created as imaginary sample data, and the doctrine of ROK Army, which is restricted to disclosure, was utilized with US Army's doctrine that can be collected on the Internet.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.41-48
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• 2019

In modern-war campaign, precision-guided missiles are dominantly used to minimize the collateral damage. Imaging infrared seekers are widely applied for the precise guidance. Due to the high cost of the infrared detector, the cost for the one-shot weapon's test is a burden for the development. To reduce the test cost, a simulation method including imagery tracking is required, which is so-called integrated-flight simulation(IFS). The synthetic image generation(SIG)-based simulation method is typically used, which however cannot represent various environmental and target conditions. In this paper, a new IFS method is proposed using on-sight measured image to overcome the limitations of the SIG-based IFS(SIIFS). The target image acquired at the launching sight has been used only for checking the performance criteria of the image tracker and has not been tried for IFS since it has low resolution and little information. The study described in this paper, however, shows that the on-sight image-based IFS can predict the pre- and mid-course flight performance quite similarly and is very useful for the flight test analysis.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.73
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• pp.91-117
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• 2018

In the tribute system controlling international relations of pre-modern East Asia, conciliation diplomacy between royal authorities was a principle of diplomatic relations among each nation. Therefore, capitals where royal authorities really existed were political centers and diplomatic stages at the same time. Notably, diplomatic relations between United Silla and Japan were maintained dually by conciliation diplomacy between royal authorities and practical diplomacy through Dazaihu located in Tsukushi. Tsukushi located at the northwestern tip of Kyushu was a gateway to foreign nations and stronghold in terms of national defense. Amidst an East Asian war named Baek River Battle in 663, the royal court of Daehwa established Dazaihu here because it was necessary for diplomatic and military responses. Dazaihu established as part of diplomatic negotiation not only took diplomatic functions as an official residence since the latter half of the 7thcentury. and but also was used as a stage of official diplomacy between Silla and Japan. Diplomatic negotiation between Silla and Japan through Dazaihu was made in practical methods and such a situation could be confirmed through diplomatic documents exchanged between Silla and Dazaihu in the middle of the 8thcentury. At that time, protocols became an importan tissue.