• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.53-66
• /
• 2012

Purpose : Emergency medical services in China are increase in demand by people and under the greater pressure than ever before. So it is, necessary to advance the pre-hospital system in order to promote the development of emergency medical services. Methods : This is based on China-related articles, books, journals, reports, statistical data and other literature. Results : First, pre-hospital emergency medical care with the introduction of specialist training program should be established. Second, to strengthen pre-hospital emergency services and to develop the EMS guidelines. Third, the "120" reporting systems unification and awareness activation. Fourth, the preparation of the EMS facilities equipment system. Fifth, the rapid transport system establishment to the selected medical institutions. Conclusion : It is necessary to strengthen the emergency medical personnel at the scene, rapid transport, rapid patient triage and to improve the survival rate of the patients.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.141-171
• /
• 2019

Nurses are medical personnels under the Medical Service Act and perform medical practice such as medical assistance at medical institutions. The nurse, a medical personnel, provides emergency medical service to emergency patients in the pre-hospital emergency medical system as a 119 rescuer based on the Act on 119 Rescue and Emergency Medical Services. The scope of practice of nurses is comprehensively defined in the Medical Service Act and specified through precedents. In contrast, The scope of work of emergency medical technician is listed in detail. It is understood that nurses in the pre-hospital emergency medical service system have a wider scope of practice than emergency medical technician. In particular, the scope of practice of nurses as emergency medical personnel in the pre-hospital emergency medical system should be interpreted differently within the medical institution, considering the urgency of the patient, being transferred to the emergency medical institution, and the specificity of medical direction through tele-communication.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Health Science
• /
• v.1 no.1
• /
• pp.35-45
• /
• 2013

Purpose. Based on the comparison and analysis with those of United States, the aim of this research is to find the problems in current management, operation and future directions of emergency medical service (EMS) fund in S. Korea and to provide basic resources and appropriate measures to make a right decision in policies for EMS fund. Methods. Data from Ministry of Health and Welfare and other various sources during 1995 to 2012 were collected and analyzed. Results. From our analyses, several problems are identified in EMS fund operation. In brief, problems discerned are as follows. First, whereas the purpose and direction of EMS fund operations in United States are highlighted and focused on pre-hospital EMS system and associated infrastructures which need to be constructed, those of S. Korea are emphasized mainly on the in-hospital EMS system so far. Second, on the contrary to the fact that the EMS funds in United States are tuned to pre-hospital EMS system to provide prompt and efficient emergency care at the emergency scene of pre-hospital stage and to achieve the development, design, planning and demonstration projects for pre-hospital EMS systems, up to date, our investment of EMS funds demonstrated an excess biased inclination toward the construction of in-hospital EMS system, which is far from the realization of constructive and vital pre-hospital infrastructures. Third, while emergency medical technician is important and principal body in the management of emergency medical funds in United States, so far, no EMS funds in S. Korea existed for EMTs including the job condition, improved treatment and working environment for them. Conclusion. In conclusion, we strongly suggest that the problems pointed out must be revised and corrected. Current usage of EMS fund needs to be redirected predominatly to pre-hospital EMS system. Otherwise, unless current management and investment of emergency medical funds in S. Korea are applied and used for the vital necessities and demands of EMTs, public EMS units and private EMS units as well as related units in pre-hospital EMS system as in the cases of United States, in our consideration, they must be suspended or abolished.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
• /
• v.13 no.3
• /
• pp.121-131
• /
• 2009

The purpose of EMS is to provide emergency patients with prompt and suitable emergency treatments therefore it saves their lives and makes them recover fast to return to normal. The purpose of correctional administration is to return inmates to society as sound citizens after their service by providing various correctional education, reformational programs, vocational training and etc. In this way, the aim of correctional administration and EMS is like mutual agreement by their returning to society safely. Therefore this study makes some propositions like the followings for the safety between many inmates who can have physical injury and exposure to diseases caused by particularity of subculture within correctional institutions and the staffs who work for them. It is said about efficient pre-hospital EMS through various causes of emergency situation in the correctional institution, system, manpower, facility, equipments and problems and so on. 1. Recruit the first-rate EMT(emergency medical technician) as central role of pre-hospital EMS according to each correctional institution and working terms. 2. Equip specialized transference system with symptom of patients and purpose of transference. 3. Emergency medical equipments and first-aid medicines should be equipped for field and ambulance. 4. Educate correctional officers as first responders and inmates within correctional institutions about systematic emergency treatment.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.29-38
• /
• 2005

The purpose of this study was to provide the basic data for improvement of Emergency Medical Service System in Kwangju. The EMSS can be defined as the complete chain of human and physical resources that provides patient care in cases of sudden illness and injury. To provide effective emergency care through the EMSS in a region, the issue of training especially as it relates to EMT in EMSS delivery is more important than emergency medical equipment and facilities for pre-hospital emergency care. The transport of emergency medical patients carried out almost by 119 Emergency Medical Services. But out of all the employees at 119 EMS only 19.0% have graduated with a major in Emergency Medical Technology. It would seem prudent then that the graduates of EMT programs should gradually replace employees working at 119 EMS that do not have an EMT degree to ensure the best possible pre-hospital care for emergency medical patients. Therefore it can be expected that in the future there should an enormous demand for qualified EMT professionals to meet the growing needs for a superior level of emergency medical care for civilian.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
• /
• v.3 no.1
• /
• pp.91-101
• /
• 1999

The medicolegal problem can be occurred in all medical field. Especially pre-hospital stage can be more exposed to the legal claims due to the very nature of EMT business and characteristics of ER patient or their family member. All Emergency Medical Technician should be concerned about the law associated with emergency care for handling the medicolegal problem, so the legally risky situations that may be occurred in pre-hospital stage and ER practice. This study reviewed malpractice claim of emergency patients filed in at Association of malpractice patients' family and two tertiary level hospitals. Problems related to treatment and misdiagnosis. Especially issues concerning emergency medical service system including of inadequate transport, delay in triage and transport accounted for many cases of all claims. This alerts us to the seriousness of medical accidents of emergency patient. This paper suggests several items that all E.M.T and every member of ED health care team always have to remember the medicolegally risk situations, must be trained in understanding the patients' wants and desires and should have the knowledge of the law associated with emergency health care. Develop the system that can share the informations about the medicolegal events which were experienced by each ED health care institutes.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
• /
• v.14 no.3
• /
• pp.83-93
• /
• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine potential differences in pre-hospital cases of cardiac arrest and drug Intoxication between elderly group and non-elderly group on local emergency activity sites of rescue 119 team for those cases, so that it can provide useful reference materials for a system of corresponding emergency medical services. Methods: Patients with cardiac arrest and drug intoxication in the elderly and the non-elderly group were analyzed by analyzing the Ambulance Run Report for 3 years from January 2007 to December 2009. Results: According to analysis on potential differences between elderly and the non-elderly group, it was found that there was no significant difference between elderly cases (evacuated to hospital due to cardiac arrest and drug poisoning) and non-elderly cases in year of onset (p = .247), quarter of onset (p = .813), sex (p = .235), consciousness state (p = .126), place of onset (p = .215) and number of first aid services (applied to emergency cases) respectively, but there were significant differences between elderly cases and non-elderly cases in guardian availability (p = .042), time zone of onset (p = .050), distance from the site of onset (p = .278), type of onset (p = .000), number of first aid services depending on distance of evacuation (p = .008) and effectiveness of emergency care (p = .003) on statistical basis. Conclusion: It is important to establish a system of early emergency case reports for rational emergency case management with lower mortality; shorten distance from the site of onset at each time zone of onset in emergency cases; employ more emergency team members; facilitate firsthand / secondhand medical instructions for emergency teams in specialized emergency care depending on distance of evacuation for each kind of onset (elderly group vs. non-elderly group); and improve rate of resuscitated emergency cases by extending the scope of works for emergency medical technicians into wider applications, so that it will be possible to take timely and appropriate measures for emergency settings of ever-increasing aged population in near future.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
• /
• v.34 no.2
• /
• pp.87-97
• /
• 2021

Purpose: This study examined emergency medical service (EMS) transportation patterns for adult trauma patients before and after establishing a level 1 regional trauma center (RTC) and to evaluate the transportation approach after prehospital severity screening. Methods: This was a retrospective observational study of trauma patients aged ≥18 years admitted via EMS to the emergency department or a level 1 RTC, 1 year before to 3 years after RTC establishment. Patients with an Injury Severity Score (ISS) in the patient registration system were selected. Analyses were performed to determine transportation pattern changes by comparing patients pre- and post-RTC establishment and by yearly comparisons over the 4-year study period using the Mann-Whitney U test and chi-square test. Results: Overall, 3,587 patients were included. The mean ISS was higher in the post-RTC group (n=2,693; 10.63±8.90, median 9.00) than in the pre-RTC group (n=894; 9.44±8.20, median 8.00; p<0.001). The mean transportation distance (9.84±13.71, median 5.80 vs. 13.12±16.15 km, median 6.00; p<0.001) was longer in the post-RTC group than in the pre-RTC group. Furthermore, proportionally fewer patients were transported from an area in the same city as the RTC after establishment (86.1% vs. 78.3%; p<0.001). Yearly comparisons revealed a gradually increasing trend in the hospital death rate (ptrend=0.031). Conclusions: After establishing a level 1 RTC, the EMS transportation of severe trauma patients increased gradually along with the long-distance transportation of minor trauma patients. Therefore, improved prehospital EMS trauma severity assessments and level 1 RTC involvement in patient classification in the prehospital phase are necessary.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
• /
• v.16 no.12
• /
• pp.265-271
• /
• 2011

High-quality customized services demand was growing due to the increase of aging, extremely nuclear family, disaster vulnerable of society. Ambulance service is required of fast and professional rescue and emergency service because of preventable death rate such as acute diseases, cerebral and cardiovascular diseases, suicides, etc. was higher than in developed countries. First aid will be available using patients information when emergency occurs, before arriving at the hospital. And emergency department is equipped with that patient care can be prepared in advance, increase the efficiency of emergency care. We received a variety of complex emergency call using high social awareness of 119 number and propose an efficient emergency medical service advancement strategy building an integrated response system with relevant organization.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
• /
• v.25 no.1
• /
• pp.223-234
• /
• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of the study is to check up the status of 119 emergency control centers usage. Therefore, the status of use of 119 emergency control centers and the incidence of pre-hospital cardiac arrest patients were investigated. Methods: The emergency activity daily reports and first aid diaries of 119 emergency control centers from January to December 2018 were reviewed. For more accurate status analysis, Among the first aid guidance received in the emergency rescue standard system, the cardiopulmonary resuscitation guide log was reviewed. Results: In 2018, the total usage of the 119 emergency control centers was 1,358,356 calls, hospital guidance werethe most commom (n=629,676, 46.4%), followed by first aid (n=428,027, 31.5%), disease consultation (n=170,238, 12.5%), medical oversight (n=111,188, 8.2%), and interhospital transfer (n=5,052, 0.4%). Regarding the user number per 1,000 persons, Jeju was the greatest at 48.0, whereas Changwon was the lowest at 13.0. A total number of dispatcher-assisted cardiopulmonary resuscitation was 12.181. The time from report to chest compression were 156.2±80.8 seconds for those with previous cardiopulmonary resuscitation training and 168.0±79.3 seconds for those without such training (p<.05). Conclusion: The ratio of first aid instructions, including dispatcher-assisted cardiopulmonary resuscitation, among total usage of the 119 emergency control centers increased. Therefore, additional efforts are required to improve the quality and expertise of information provided through the 119 emergency control centers.