• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.59 no.4
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• pp.406-412
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• 2014

The influence of rainfall during the ripening stage on pre-harvest sprouting, seed viability, and seed quality was investigated in two Korean rice cultivars, Shindongjin and Hopum. When the rainfall was artificially treated in a greenhouse, HP started to pre-harvest sprouting at three days of rainfall treatment (DRT), but Shindongjin did not show pre-harvest sprouting at 40 DAH treatment and just 0.3~0.8% at 50 DAH, which was much lower than 15.3~25.8% of Hopum in the same treatment. After harvest, the seed germination of Hopum decreased about 10~25% compared to non-treated seeds, but that of Shindongjin decreased much little rate than that of Hopum. The seed longevity tested by accelerated aging decreased with prolonged rainfall period in both cultivars, but the varietal difference was clear; Shindongjin could withstand longer accelerated aging than Hopum. Shindongjin maintained its germination (>50%) ability after 15 days of accelerated aging regardless of the rainfall treatment period and time, but Hopum dropped below 50% germination ability after only 5 days of accelerated aging. In conclusion, rainfall during the ripening stage induced not only pre-harvest sprouting, but also reduced seed quality and longevity during storage, which varied between two cultivars.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.239-249
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• 2020

Rice flour varieties have been developed to replace wheat, and consumption of rice flour has been encouraged. damage related to pre-harvest sprouting was occurring due to a weather disaster during the ripening period. Thus, it is necessary to develop pre-harvest sprouting rate prediction system to minimize damage for pre-harvest sprouting. Rice cultivation experiments from 20 17 to 20 19 were conducted with three rice flour varieties at six regions in Gangwon-do, Chungcheongbuk-do, and Gyeongsangbuk-do. Survey components were the heading date and pre-harvest sprouting at the harvest date. The weather data were collected daily mean temperature, relative humidity, and rainfall using Automated Synoptic Observing System (ASOS) with the same region name. Gradient Boosting Machine (GBM) which is a machine learning model, was used to predict the pre-harvest sprouting rate, and the training input variables were mean temperature, relative humidity, and total rainfall. Also, the experiment for the period from days after the heading date (DAH) to the subsequent period (DA2H) was conducted to establish the period related to pre-harvest sprouting. The data were divided into training-set and vali-set for calibration of period related to pre-harvest sprouting, and test-set for validation. The result for training-set and vali-set showed the highest score for a period of 22 DAH and 24 DA2H. The result for test-set tended to overpredict pre-harvest sprouting rate on a section smaller than 3.0 %. However, the result showed a high prediction performance (R2=0.76). Therefore, it is expected that the pre-harvest sprouting rate could be able to easily predict with weather components for a specific period using machine learning.

• BMB Reports
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• v.57 no.2
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• pp.79-85
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• 2024

Pre-harvest sprouting is a critical phenomenon involving germination of seeds in the mother plant before harvest under relative humid conditions and reduced dormancy. In this paper, we generated HDR mutant lines with one region SNP (C/T) and an insertion of 6 bp (GGT/GGTGGCGGC) in OsERF1 genes for pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) resistance using CRISPR/Cas9 and a geminiviral replicon system. The incidence of HDR was 2.6% in transformed calli. T₁ seeds were harvested from 12 HDR-induced calli and named ERF1-hdr line. Molecular stability, key agronomic properties, physiological properties, and biochemical properties of target genes in the ERF1-hdr line were investigated for three years. The ERF1-hdr line showed significantly enhanced seed dormancy and pre-harvest sprouting resistance. qRT-PCR analysis suggested that enhanced ABA signaling resulted in a stronger phenotype of PHS resistance. These results indicate that efficient HDR can be achieved through SNP/InDel replacement using a single and modular configuration applicable to different rice targets and other crops. This work demonstrates the potential to replace all genes with elite alleles within one generation and greatly expands our ability to improve agriculturally important traits.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.59 no.1
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• pp.22-26
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• 2014

This research was implemented to investigate pre-harvest sprouting characteristics in two Korean rice cultivars, Shindongjin (SDJ) and Hopum (HP). The panicles of both varieties were sampled after 15 days after heading (DAH) to 60 DAH at intervals of 5 days. As soon as sampled, the panicles were imbibed in water for 14 days at $25^{\circ}C$ to determine the vigor and germination ability of seeds according to location on panicle. To investigate the cause of non-germination of seeds in panicles, tetrazolium test and dormancy breaking were performed. The preharvest sprouting of HP started at 20 DAH while that of SDJ began at 30 DAH. The germination of seeds located in high rank branches within a panicle and the terminal seeds within a branch were earlier and faster and the germination patterns were same in both cultivars. The times at more than 50% of germination in a panicle were 35 DAH (57.0%) in HP and 45 DAH (56.8%) in SDJ. Preharvest sprouting was more than 80% at 50 DAH (82.6% of HP, 92.3% of SDJ) and more than 99% at 60 DAH (99.5%, 99.4%, HP and SDJ). These results indicated that the rate of PHS in a panicle increased with accumulation of the days after heading. The cause of non-germinated seeds at 15-25 DAH in panicle was immature embryo. After 30 DAH, however, when the non-germinated seeds were hulled, they started to germinate due to dormancy breaking, in which the germination percentage was higher in SDJ than HP. In conclusion, the pre-harvest sprouting varied according to days after heading, the seed position on panicle, and the dormancy intensity of varieties.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.246-246
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• 2022

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2023.04a
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• pp.132-132
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• 2023

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2022.04a
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• pp.15-15
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• 2022

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.205-212
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• 2009

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain texture is an important determinant of milling properties and end product use. Two linked genes, puroindoline a (PINA) and puroindoline b (PINB), control most of the genetic variation in wheat grain texture. Wheat seed proteins were examined to identify PINA and PINB gene using two pre-harvest sprouting wheat cultivars; Jinpum (resistant) and Keumgang (susceptible).Wheat seed proteins were separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis with IEF gels over pH ranges: pH 3-10. A total of 73 spots were digested with trypsin resulting peptide fragmentation were analyzed by matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/MS). Mass spectra were automatically processed and searched through NCBInr, SWISS-PORT and MSDB database with mono isotopic masses and complete gene sequence were found by UniProt database. Puroindoline a and puroindoline b that is responsible for grain texture related with baking performance and roughness. Two spots were found Pin b (16.7 kDa) and Pin a (16.3 kDa) in Jinpum compare to seven spots were identified Pin a (16.1 kDa, 16.3 kDa) and Pin b (16.7 kDa, 9.5 kDa and 14.4 kDa) in Keumgang. Some selected spots were identified puroindoline like grain softness protein (16.9 kDa, 17 kDa and 18.1 kDa) in Keumgang. Moreover, to gain a better inferring the identification of puroindoline related proteins using proteomics, we accomplished a complete gene sequence of PINA and PINB gene in pre-harvesting sprouting wheat seeds between resistant (Jinpum) and susceptible (Keumgang).

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2023.04a
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• pp.157-157
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• 2023

Pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) in rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the main problems associated with seed dormancy. PHS causes yield loss and reduction of grain quality under unpredictable humid conditions at the ripening stage, thus affecting the economic value of the rice crop. To resolve this issue, it is important to understand the molecular mechanism underlying seed dormancy in rice. Recent studies have shown that seed dormancy is affected by a large number of genes associated with plant hormones. However, the effect of heat stress on seed dormancy and plant hormones is not well understood. In this study, we compared the PHS rate as well as the transcriptome and small RNAome of the seed embryo and endosperm of two different accessions of rice, PHS-susceptible rice (low dormancy) and PHS-resistant rice (high dormancy) under three different maturation stages. We identified and verified the candidate genes associated with seed dormancy and heat stress-related responses in rice using quantitative real-time PCR. We newly discovered hormone-related genes, heat shock protein-related genes, and miRNAs potentially involved in PHS. These findings provide a foundation for understanding the dynamics of transcriptome and small RNAome of hormone- and heat stress-related genes, which affect PHS during seed maturation.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.59 no.4
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• pp.427-434
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• 2014

This study aimed to investigate the effects of pre-harvest sprouting (PHS)-damaged grains of rice on seed viability, germination percentage and seedling emergence rate. As comparing the seed lots of same cultivar 'Hopum' with different PHS percentages, seed lot with 8% PHS (high PHS percentage) showed 30% lower germination than that with 1% PHS (low PHS percentage). The difference of seedling emergence rate and seed viability percentages between the two seed lots was consistent with that of germination percentage. PHS-damaged brown rice was observed protruded embryo, discolored endosperm and fungi infected grains. PHS grains were classified into two groups, PHS-I showing endosperm discoloration in one third of a grain and PHS-II in more than half of a grain. The seed lot with high PHS percentage had much more PHS-II grains than that of low PHS percentage. PHS-II grains showed remarkably lower germination percentage than PHS-I grains and got severely moldy during germination test. In laboratory experiment, morphological changes and re-germination ability of seeds which dried after germination by soaking were tested. Sprouted seeds of 3mm shoot length showed half discolored endosperm and had a strong resemblance with PHS-II grains. Re-germination percentage of 3mm sprouted seeds sharply decreased than 2 mm sprouted seeds. Sprouted seeds which were treated for accelerated-aging (AA) for 24hr at $45^{\circ}C$ were significantly reduced in re-germination percentage compared to that of non-AA-treated sprouted seeds. These results indicate that PHS with over 3mm shoot length can severely damage not only grain appearance but also seed viability, germination percentage and seedling emergence rate. Therefore, we conclude that larger difference of germination percentage or seedling emergence rate between seed lots having smaller difference of PHS percentage might be caused by accelerated seed deterioration in PHS-damaged rice grains.