• Carbon letters
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.171-179
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• 2014

An attempt was made to investigate the effect of the preparation temperature on the electrocapacitive performance of polypyrrole (PPY)/graphene oxide (GO) nanocomposites (PNCs). For this purpose, a series of PNCs were prepared at various temperatures by the cetyltrimethylammonium bromide-assisted dilute-solution polymerization of pyrrole in presence of GO (wt%) ranging from 1.0 to 4.0 with ferric chloride as an oxidant. The formation of the PNCs was ascertained through Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry, X-ray diffraction spectra, scanning electron microscopy and simultaneous thermogravimetric-differential scanning calorimetry. The electrocapacitive performance of the electrodes derived from sulphonated polysulphone-bound PNCs was evaluated through cyclic voltammetry with reference to Ag/AgCl at a scan rate (V/s) ranging from 0.2 and 0.001 in potassium hydroxide (1.0 M). The incorporation of GO into the PPY matrix at a reduced temperature has a pronounced effect on the electrocapacitive performance of PNCs. Under identical scan rates (0.001 V/s), PNCs prepared at $10{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ render improved specific conductivity (526.33 F/g) and power density (731.19 W/Kg) values compared to those prepared at $30{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ (217.69 F/g, 279.43 W/Kg). PNCs prepared at $10{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ rendered a capacitive retention rate of ~96% during the first 500 cycles. This indicates the excellent cyclic stability of the PNCs prepared at reduced temperatures for supercapacitor applications.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2007년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.297-300
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• 2007

In this study, we have attempted a new method to enhance the coloring of dye on the $TiO_2$ surface in the dye sensitized solar cell. In the conventional coloring process in a dye sensitized solar cells, dye is absorbed by the covalent bond between TiO2 and dye molecule while the photo-electrode coated with $TiO_2$ layer is soaked in dye solution for about 12-24 hours. But this process takes long time, so we have researched more effective and faster way than the conventional process by applying electric field. Three kinds of electric power such as direct voltage, alternating voltage and pulse voltage were applied to the transparent conducting oxide during the coloring process. As a result, we achieved improved power, fill factor and efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cell in case of applying direct voltage and pulse voltage. In contrast, alternating voltage tend to reduce the dye adsorption on the $TiO_2$ surface and hence the efficiency. We measured the absorption spectra of dye by UV-VIS spectrophotometer before and after soaking the $TiO_2$ in the dye and found no characteristic change in the dye was observed. In this study, we researched on shortening time of coloring process which spent much time in the whole process.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.186-192
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• 2013

In order to reduce the costs and to improve the durability of solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC), the operating temperature should be decreased while the power density is maintained as much as possible. However, lowering the operating temperature increases the cathode interfacial polarization resistances dramatically, limiting the performance of low-temperature SOFC at especially purely electronic conducting cathode. To improve cathode performance at low temperature, the number of reaction sites for the oxygen reduction should be increased by using a mixed ionic and electronic conducting (MIEC) material. In this study, anode-supported fuel cells with two different thicknesses of the MIEC cathode were fabricated and tested at various operating temperatures. The anode supported cell with $32.5{\mu}m$-thick BSCFZn-LSCF cathode layer showed much lower polarization resistance than that with $3.2{\mu}m$ thick cahtode and higher power density especially at low temperature. The effects of cathode layer thickness on the electrochemical performance are discussed with analysis of impedance spectra.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.195-214
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• 2017

Full-scale wind characteristics based on the field measurements is an essential element in structural wind engineering. Statistical analysis of the wind characteristics at Sutong Cable-stayed Bridge (SCB) site is conducted in this study with the recorded long-term wind data from structural health monitoring system (SHMS) between 2008 and 2015. Both the mean and turbulent wind characteristics and power spectra are comprehensively investigated and compared with those in the current codes of practice, such as the measured wind rose diagram, monthly maximum mean wind speed, turbulence intensity, integral length scale. Measurement results based on the monitoring data show that winds surrounding the SCB site are substantially influenced by the southeast monsoon in summer and strong northern wind in winter. The measured turbulence intensity is slightly higher than the recommended values in specifications, while the measured ratio of lateral to longitudinal turbulence intensity is slightly lower. An approximately linear relationship between the measured turbulence intensities and gust factors is obtained. The mean value of the turbulence integral length scale is smaller than that of typical typhoon events. In addition, it is found that the Kaimal spectrum is suitable to be adopted as the power spectrum for longitudinal wind component at the SCB site. This contribution would provide important wind characteristic references for the wind performance evaluation of SCB and other civil infrastructures in adjacent regions.

• 천문학회지
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.155-164
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• 2015

In Kang (2015) we calculated the acceleration of cosmic-ray electrons at weak spherical shocks that are expected to form in the cluster outskirts, and estimated the diffuse synchrotron radiation emitted by those electrons. There we demonstrated that, at decelerating spherical shocks, the volume integrated spectra of both electrons and radiation deviate significantly from the test-particle power-laws predicted for constant planar shocks, because the shock compression ratio and the flux of inject electrons decrease in time. In this study, we consider spherical blast waves propagating through a constant density core surrounded by an isothermal halo with ρ ∝ r⁻ⁿ in order to explore how the deceleration of the shock affects the radio emission from accelerated electrons. The surface brightness profile and the volumeintegrated radio spectrum of the model shocks are calculated by assuming a ribbon-like shock surface on a spherical shell and the associated downstream region of relativistic electrons. If the postshock magnetic field strength is about 0.7 or 7 µG, at the shock age of ∼ 50 Myr, the volume-integrated radio spectrum steepens gradually with the spectral index from α_inj to α_inj + 0.5 over 0.1–10 GHz, where α_inj is the injection index at the shock position expected from the diffusive shock acceleration theory. Such gradual steepening could explain the curved radio spectrum of the radio relic in cluster A2266, which was interpreted as a broken power-law by Trasatti et al. (2015), if the relic shock is young enough so that the break frequency is around 1 GHz.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제34권11C호
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• pp.1067-1075
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• 2009

본 논문에서는 시스템의 복잡도와 비트오율 (Bit Error Rate; BER) 성능을 모두 고려하여 OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) 신호의 PAPR (Peak-to-Average Power Ratio)을 효과적으로 감소시키기 위한 적응적 Companding 기법을 제안한다. 제안된 기법은 OFDM 시스템의 변조 레벨에 따라 BER 성능과 PAPR 감소를 모두 고려하기 위해 송신단의 Compression과 수신단의 Expanding 함수를 적응적으로 변화시킨다. 또한 본 논문에서는 제안된 기법에 대한 스펙트럼 특성을 분석하고, 대역외 스펙트럼 전력을 감소시키기 위한 필터링 방안을 도입하여 적용한 후의 BER 성능을 확인하였다. 일반적인 Companding 알고리즘과 비교한 모의실험 결과, 제안된 기법은 PAPR 감소 측면에서도 효과적일 뿐만 아니라 스펙트럼 전력 측면에서도 좋은 특성을 넓이면서도, 필터링 사용 유무에 관계없이 BER 성능도 매우 우수함을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.166-170
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• 2005

본 논문은 근접장 음향 홀로그래피를 이용한 수중 음원의 위치를 추정하는 기술에 대한 것이다. 수중 소음원의 식별에 적용 가능함을 실험으로 검증하고 그 결과를 기술하였다. 실험에 사용된 음원은 2개의 구형 센서로 구성되고 음원의 근거리 음압은 음원과 근접된 위치에 설정된 홀로그램 평면에서 측정된다. 측정된 음압에 대한 상호전력 스펙트럼으로부터 홀로그램 평면에서의 복소음압을 구하고 이를 공간 변환하여 음원 영역에서의 음장분포를 구하였다. 음원 영역에서의 음장분포 결과는 음원의 위치와 발생된 음원준위의 크기를 가시적으로 보여주며, 실험 결과는 음원의 위치와 음원준위의 상대적인 크기를 정확하게 추정하고 있어 근접장 음향 홀로그래피를 이용하여 수중 소음원의 위치 추정과 개별 소음원의 기여도 분석이 가능함을 확인하였다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.30-40
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• 2010

The present investigation was conducted to evaluate the regulation of sleep architecture by the red ginseng water extract (RGE) in acutely and chronically restraint stressed rats. Adult rats were fitted with sleep.wake recording electrodes. Following post-surgical recovery, rats were extensively habituated for freely moving polygraphic recording conditions. Polygraphic signs of sleep-wake activities were recorded for 24 h after RGE administration and induction of stress and were analyzed to understand the regulation of sleep architecture. Acute stress decreased wakefulness and increased total sleep, non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep in both the daytime and nighttime recording. RGE shortened the daytime NREM and REM sleep, without changing the wakefulness and total sleep. RGE increased nighttime wakefulness, and decreased total, NREM and REM sleep. Chronic stress increased wakefulness and decreased total sleep in the daytime recording, and increased REM and decreased NREM sleep in both the day and night time recording. RGE ameliorated chronic stress and induced alterations of REM and NREM sleep in the day and night time sleep architecture. Acute and chronic stress could also induce alternations in cortex electroencephalogram (EEG) recording during NREM, REM sleep and wakefulness. These findings suggest that RGE may modulate the sleep behavior in acutely and chronically stressed rats and the ameliorating effect of RGE on the sleep architecture may involve in modulation of $\alpha$-, $\theta$- and $\delta$- wave activities of the cortical EEG.

• 전자공학회논문지SC
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.55-62
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• 2000

0.8㎛ single poly CMOS 집적회로로 구현된 이산시간 전압모드 혼돈 발생회로의 동작특성을 분석하였다. 회로내 비선형 함수 블록에 대한 선형근사식을 유도하여, 실험적으로 제작한 혼돈 발생회로의 해석이 가능하도록 하였다. 혼돈상태 판별의 주요 지표인, 입력변수에 따른 분기도를 구하였고 초기값 의존성을 보여 주는 리아프노프 지수도 계산하였다. 뿐만 아니라 상태조건, 즉 평형상태, 주기상태, 혼돈상태에 따라 나타나는 시간파형 및 상태천이관계 그리고 주파수특성을 보여주는 전력스펙트럼도 구하여 상호 연관성을 보였다. 한편 집적화 된 혼돈 발생회로를 ±2.5V 전원, 10㎑의 클럭으로 구동시켜 입력전압에 따른 분기도를 측정하였고, 상태조건에 따라 다르게 나타나는 시간파형의 측정과 이의 전력스펙트럼 분석도 실시하여 해석결과와 비교하였다.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.14-21
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• 2003

Thin films of ZrO$_2$ and TiO$_2$ were deposited on Si(100) substrates using RF magnetron sputtering technique. To study an influence of the sputtering parameters, systematic experiments were carried out in this work. XRD data show that the $ZrO_2$ films were mainly grown in the [111] orientation at the annealing temperature between 800 and $1000^{\circ}C$ while the crystal growth direction was changed to be [012] at above $1000^{\circ}C$. FT-IR spectra show that the oxygen stretching peaks become strong due to $SiO_2$ layer formation between film layers and silicon surface after annealing, and proved that a diffusion caused by either oxygen atoms of $ZrO_2$ layers or air into the interface during annealing. Different crystal growth directions were observed with the various deposition parameters such as annealing temperature, RF power magnitude, and added $O_2$ amounts. The growth rate of $TiO_2$ thin films was increased with RF power magnitude up to 150 watt, and was then decreased due to a sputtering effect. The maximum growth rate observed at 150 watt was 1500 nm/hr. Highly oriented, crack-free, stoichiometric polycrystalline $TiO_2$<110> thin film with Rutile phase was obtained after annealing at $1000^{\circ}C$ for 1 hour.