• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.987-992
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• 2016

This study introduces an example environment where wireless devices are mobile, devices use dynamic voltage scaling, devices and tasks are heterogeneous, tasks have deadline, and the computation and communication power is dynamically changed for energy saving. For this type of environment, the efficient system-level energy management and resource management for task completion can be an essential part of the operation and design of such systems. Therefore, the resources are assigned to tasks and the tasks may be scheduled to maximize a goal which is to minimize energy usage while trying to complete as many tasks as possible by their deadlines. This paper also introduces mobility of nodes and variable transmission power for communication which complicates the resource management/task scheduling problem further.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제44권5호
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• pp.746-758
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• 2022

This paper focuses on a mobile edge-computing-enabled heterogeneous network. A battery level-aware task-scheduling framework is proposed to improve the energy efficiency and prolong the operating hours of battery-powered mobile devices. The formulated optimization problem is a typical mixed-integer nonlinear programming problem. To solve this nondeterministic polynomial (NP)-hard problem, a decomposition-based task-scheduling algorithm is proposed. Using an alternating optimization technology, the original problem is divided into three subproblems. In the outer loop, task offloading decisions are yielded using a pruning search algorithm for the task offloading subproblem. In the inner loop, closed-form solutions for computational resource allocation subproblems are derived using the Lagrangian multiplier method. Then, it is proven that the transmitted power-allocation subproblem is a unimodal problem; this subproblem is solved using a gradient-based bisection search algorithm. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed framework achieves better energy efficiency than other frameworks. Additionally, the impact of the battery level-aware scheme on the operating hours of battery-powered mobile devices is also investigated.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제12권11호
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• pp.5357-5381
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• 2018

Cloud computing offers a wide range of on-demand resources over the internet. Utility-based resource allocation in cloud data centers significantly increases the number of cloud users. Heavy usage of cloud data center encounters many problems such as sacrificing system performance, increasing operational cost and high-energy consumption. Therefore, the result of the system damages the environment extremely due to heavy carbon (CO2) emission. However, dynamic allocation of energy-efficient resources in cloud data centers overcomes these problems. In this paper, we have proposed Energy and Service Level Agreement (SLA) Aware Resource Allocation Heuristic Algorithms. These algorithms are essential for reducing power consumption and SLA violation without diminishing the performance and Quality-of-Service (QoS) in cloud data centers. Our proposed model is organized as follows: a) SLA violation detection model is used to prevent Virtual Machines (VMs) from overloaded and underloaded host usage; b) for reducing power consumption of VMs, we have introduced Enhanced minPower and maxUtilization (EMPMU) VM migration policy; and c) efficient utilization of cloud resources and VM placement are achieved using SLA-aware Modified Best Fit Decreasing (MBFD) algorithm. We have validated our test results using CloudSim toolkit 3.0.3. Finally, experimental results have shown better resource utilization, reduced energy consumption and SLA violation in heterogeneous dynamic cloud environment.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제15권11호
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• pp.185-193
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• 2010

본 논문에서는 기존의 PLC 네트워크를 기반으로 별도의 인프라 구축 없이 센서장치를 포함하는 UPnP 장치 모듈을 활용하여 상황인식 서비스를 제공 하고자 한다. UPnP 장치 모듈을 통해 기존의 PLC 장치는 상황에 대한 정보를 바탕으로 제어되며 다양한 유비쿼터스 환경에서 활용 될 수 있다. 또한 UPnP 기반의 TCP/IP 원격 제어 및 장치 관리의 효율성을 제공한다.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:컴퓨팅의 실제 및 레터
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• 제16권11호
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• pp.1066-1070
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• 2010

무선 네트워크 환경에서 단말기의 에너지 효율은 멀티미디어 스트리밍 서비스의 연속적인 이용을 위한 중요한 고려사항이다. 본 논문에서는 멀티미디어 스트리밍 서비스를 이용하는 무선 단말기의 에너지 효율을 향상시키기 위해서 IEEE 802.11e의 U-APSD(Unscheduled Automatic Power Save Delivery) 환경에서 동작하는 스트리밍 시스템인 BACASS(Buffer-Aware and Content-Aware Streaming System)를 제안하였다. BACASS는 SVC로 인코딩된 영상을 이용하는 네트워크 인지형 스트리밍 시스템을 기반으로, PSNR(Peak Signal to Noise Ratio)과 클라이언트 버퍼 정보를 이용해서 U-APSD의 DP(Doze Period)를 유도함으로써 에너지 효율을 향상 시킨다. 시뮬레이션 결과를 통해서 제안하는 BACASS가 단말기의 에너지 효율을 향상시킴을 보였다.

• 인터넷정보학회논문지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.65-72
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• 2005

플래시 메모리는 이동형 컴퓨팅 환경에서 휴대용 정보기기를 지원하는 우수한 미디어이다. 플래시 메모리는 비휘발성, 낮은 전력소모, 빠른 데이터 접근 속도 등의 특징으로 휴대용 정보기기용 데이터베이스의 핵심 저장 모듈이 되었다. 하지만, 일반 RAM 메모리에 비하여 상대적으로 느린 연산 특성을 고려하여 기존의 트랜잭션 처리 기법을 개선할 필요가 있다. 이를 위하여, 본 논문은 플래시인지 트랜잭션 관리(Flash-Aware Transaction Management: FATM) 기법을 제안한다. FATM은 SRAM과 W-cache를 활용하여 트랜잭션 처리 성능을 높인다. 또한, 성능 검증을 위하여 시뮬레이션 모델을 제안하였으며, 실험 결과 분석을 통하여 FATM이 기존의 트랜잭션 처리 기법보다 우수함을 확인하였다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제8권11호
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• pp.3916-3936
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• 2014

Smartphone applications like games, image processing, e-commerce and social networking are gaining exponential growth, with the ubiquity of cellular services. This demands increased computational power and storage from mobile devices with a sufficiently high bandwidth for mobile internet service. But mobile nodes are highly constrained in the processing and storage, along with the battery power, which further restrains their dependability. Adopting the unlimited storage and computing power offered by cloud servers, it is possible to overcome and turn these issues into a favorable opportunity for the growth of mobile cloud computing. As the mobile internet data traffic is predicted to grow at the rate of around 65 percent yearly, even advanced services like 3G and 4G for mobile communication will fail to accommodate such exponential growth of data. On the other hand, developers extend popular applications with high end graphics leading to smart phones, manufactured with multicore processors and graphics processing units making them unaffordable. Therefore, to address the need of resource constrained mobile nodes and bandwidth constrained cellular networks, the computations can be migrated to resourceful servers connected to cloud. The server now acts as a bridge that should enable the participating mobile nodes to offload their computations through Wi-Fi directly to the virtualized server. Our proposed model enables an on-demand service offloading with a decision support system that identifies the capabilities of the client's hardware and software resources in judging the requirements for offloading. Further, the node's location, context and security capabilities are estimated to facilitate adaptive migration.

• 융합신호처리학회논문지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.225-232
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• 2009

유비쿼터스 컴퓨팅을 위한 상황 인식 기술은 수집된 컨텍스트 정보를 효과적으로 구조화하여 표현하고, 이러한 컨텍스트 정보를 이용하여 사용자의 의도를 파악한 후, 서비스를 제공하는 기술 등의 연구가 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 상황 인식 컴퓨팅을 위한 프레임워크인 WS-CAM으로 명명된 웹 서비스에 기반한 상황 인식 미들웨어를 제안한다. WS-CAM은 온톨로지 기반의 컨텍스트 모델을 사용하여 다양한 종류의 컨텍스트 정보에 대한 충분한 표현력과 추론 기능을 제공하고, 미들웨어로부터 응용 서비스로의 컨텍스트 정보 전달에 있어서 웹 서비스를 적용하여 미들웨어 독립적인 응용 개발을 이룰 수 있는 구조로 설계한다. 또한, WS-CAM의 유용성을 검증하기 위하여 유비쿼터스 컴퓨팅 환경에 기반을 둔 강의 서비스 시나리오를 기술하고, 웹 서비스 기반의 장점을 보이기 위하여 미들웨어 독립적인 시스템 확장의 예를 보인다. 강의 서비스에 적용한 WS-CAM은 도메인 환경 내의 컨텍스트 정보를 OWL 기반 온톨로지 모델로 효과적으로 표현하였고, 사용자 정의 규칙에 의하여 고수준의 컨텍스트 정보로 추론됨을 확인하였다. 또한, 웹 서비스에 의해 제공되는 다양한 웹 메서드를 통하여 컨텍스트 정보가 응용 서비스에 미들웨어 독립적으로 전달됨을 확인할 수 있었다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제9권12호
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• pp.4759-4775
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• 2015

The reduction of power consumption in large-scale datacenters is highly-dependent on the use of virtualization to consolidate multiple workloads. However, these consolidation strategies must also take into account additional important parameters such as performance, reliability, and profitability. Resolving these conflicting goals is often the major challenge encountered in the design of optimization strategies for cloud data centers. In this paper, we put forward a data center monitoring strategy which dynamically alters its approach depending on the cloud system's current state. Results show that our proposed scheme outperformed strategies which only focus on a single metric such as SLA-Awareness and Energy Efficiency.

• 정보처리학회지
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.56-75
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• 2004

In this article we address some system characteristics and challenging issues in developing Context-aware Middleware for Ubiquitous Computing. The functionalities of a Context-aware Middleware includes gathering context data from hardware/software sensors, reasoning and inferring high-level context data, and disseminating/delivering appropriate context data to interested applications/services. The Middleware should facilitate the query, aggregation, and discovery for the contexts, as well as facilities to specify their privacy policy. Following a formal context model using ontology would enable syntactic and semantic interoperability, and knowledge sharing between different domains. Moddleware should also provide different kinds of context classification mechanical as pluggable modules, including rules written in different types of logic (first order logic, description logic, temporal/spatial logic, fuzzy logic, etc.) as well as machine-learning mechanical (supervised and unsupervised classifiers). Different mechanisms have different power, expressiveness and decidability properties, and system developers can choose the appropriate mechanism that best meets the reasoning requirements of each context. And finally, to promote the context-trigger actions in application level, it is important to provide a uniform and platform-independent interface for applications to express their need for different context data without knowing how that data is acquired. The action could involve adapting to the new environment, notifying the user, communicating with another device to exchange information, or performing any other task.