• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.135-142
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• 2018

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: This cross-sectional study assessed household food security status and determined its association with diet quality and weight status among indigenous women from the Mah Meri tribe in Peninsular Malaysia. SUBJECTS/METHODS: The Radimer/Cornell Hunger and Food Insecurity Instrument and the Malaysian Healthy Eating Index (HEI) were used to assess household food security status and diet quality, respectively. Information on socio-demographic characteristics and 24-hour dietary recall data were collected through face-to-face interview, and anthropometric measurements including weight, height, and body mass index (BMI) were obtained from 222 women. RESULTS: Majority of households (82.9%) experienced different levels of food insecurity: 29.3% household food insecurity, 23.4% individual food insecurity, and 30.2% fell into the child hunger group. The food-secure group had significantly fewer children and smaller household sizes than the food-insecure groups (P < 0.05). The mean household income, income per capita, and food expenditure significantly decreased as food insecurity worsened (P < 0.001). The food-secure group had significantly higher Malaysian HEI scores for grains and cereals (P < 0.01), as well as for meat, poultry, and eggs (P < 0.001), than the food-insecure groups. The child-hunger group had significantly higher fat (P < 0.05) and sodium (P < 0.001) scores than the food-secure and household food-insecure groups. Compared to the individual food-insecure and child-hunger groups, multivariate analysis of covariance showed that the food-secure group was significantly associated with a higher Malaysian HEI score while the household food-insecure group was significantly associated with a higher BMI after controlling for age (P < 0.025). CONCLUSIONS: The majority of indigenous households faced food insecurity. Food insecurity at the individual and child levels was associated with lower quality of diet, while food insecurity at the household level was associated with higher body weight. Therefore, a substantial effort by all stakeholders is warranted to improve food insecurity among poorer households. The results suggest a pressing need for nutritional interventions to improve dietary intake among low income households.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.39-45
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• 2016

본 연구는 다른 지역에서 수집된 백색 토종오리의 생산성과 균일도를 조사하기 위하여 수행하였다. 공시동물은 토종오리 종란에서 발생된 병아리 중 백색을 가진 개체를 선별하여 이용하였다. 시험설계는 오리들을 지역에 따른 두 그룹(J, H)으로 나누고, 암수를 분리하여 $2{\times}2$의 복합요인으로 4처리구, 처리구당 4반복, 반복당 15수씩 총 240수를 완전임의 배치하여 생산성과 균일도를 조사하였다. 주령별 체중은 1주령을 제외하고 H군의 체중이 높게 나타났다(P<0.05). 암수 간 체중은 6주령부터 수컷의 체중이 암컷에 비해 높게 나타났다(P<0.05). 균일도는 J군이 1주령에 높게 나타났으며, 암수 비교에서는 6주령에 암컷의 균일도가 높게 나타났다(P<0.05). 증체량은 H군이 J군에 비해 높게 나타났으며(P<0.05), 6~7주령에는 수컷의 증체량이 암컷에 비해 높게 나타났다(P<0.05). H군의 사료섭취량은 J군에 비해 높게 나타났다(P<0.05). 그러나 암수 간 비교에서는 사료섭취량의 차이를 보이지 않았다. 사료요구율의 경우, 4~5주령, 7~8주령 그리고 0~8주령에 J군이 높게 나타났으며(P<0.05), 1~2주령, 5~6주령, 6~7주령 및 0~8주령에 수컷의 사료요구율이 암컷보다 높게 나타났다(P<0.05). 결론적으로, 백색 토종오리의 성적은 J군에 비해 H군이 우수한 경향이었다. 백색 토종오리의 실용화를 위해서는 균일도와 생산성뿐만 아니라, 육질이나 유전적 특성에 대하여 추가적인 연구가 지속되어야 할 것이다.

• 한국식품영양과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식품영양과학회 2001년도 International Symposium on Food,Nutrition and Health for 21st Century
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• pp.95-109
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• 2001

The traditional (European) Mediterranean diet is characterized by an abundance of plant foods such as bread, pasta, vegetables, salad, legumes, fruit, nuts; olive oil as the principal source of fat; low to moderate amounts offish, poultry, dairy products and eggs; only small amounts of red meat; low to moderate amounts of wine, normally consumed with meals. This diet is low in saturated fatty acids, rich in carbohydrate and fibre, and has a high content of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA). These are primarily derived from olive oil. Despite a wealth of general knowledge concerning the major classes of compounds present in olives and olive oil, detailed knowledge of the phenolic antioxidant content has been lacking. Therefore the aim of the study was to evaluate the phenolic antioxidant content in a range of olive and seed oils. While seed oils were devoid, on average, the olive oils contained $196{\pm}19mg/kg$ total phenolics as judged by HPLC analysis, but the value for extravirgin ($232{\pm}15 mg/kg$) was significantly higher than that of refined virgin olive oil ($62{\pm}12mg/kg$; P<0.0001). Appreciable quantities of simple phenols (hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol) were detected in olive oils, with significant differences between extravirgin ($41.87{\pm}6.17$) and refined virgin olive oils ($4.72{\pm}2.15$; P<0.01). The major linked phenols were secoiridoids and lignans. Although extravirgin contained higher concentrations of secoiridoids ($27.72{\pm}6.84$) than refined olive oils ($9.30{\pm}3.81$) this difference was not significant. On the other hand the concentration of lignans was significantly higher (P<0.001) in extravirgin ($41.53{\pm}3.93$) compared to refined virgin olive oils ($7.29{\pm}2.56$). All classes of phenolics were shown to be potent antioxidants. In future epidemiolgic studies, both the nature and source of olive oil consumed should be differentiated in ascertaining cancer risk.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.223-244
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• 2022

Objectives: This study was designed to investigate the relationship between metabolic risk factors, Index of Nutrition Quality, and the dietary quality index score of Korean adults. Methods: The subjects were 18,652 Korean adults aged 19 years or older (7,899 males, 10,753 females) who participated in the 2016-2019 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Subjects were divided into normal, pre-metabolic syndrome, and metabolic syndrome (MetS) groups according to the number of their metabolic risk factors. Data were analyzed using the SPSS program. Results: About 44.7% of men in the MetS group were at least college graduates (P < 0.001), whereas 52.0% of women in the MetS group were middle school graduates or lower (P < 0.001). The frequency of fruit and dairy products intake tended to decrease as the number of metabolic risk factors increased in both men and women (P for trend < 0.001). As the number of metabolic risk factors decreased, the frequency of grain intake tended to decrease in men (P for trend < 0.001) while the frequency of intake of red meat (P for trend = 0.001), poultry (P for trend < 0.001), and eggs (P for trend < 0.001) decreased in women. The total scores of Diet Quality Index-International (DQI-I) (men P < 0.001, women P < 0.01) and Korean Healthy Eating Index (KHEI) (men and women P < 0.001) were significantly lower in the MetS group compared to the other groups, and the total score of DQI-I and KHEI tended to decrease as the number of metabolic risk factors increased. Conclusions: Dietary quality evaluation using various indices can provide more information on the dietary problems related to metabolic risk factors. Nutrients and foods that have been confirmed to be related to metabolic risk factors can be used to develop dietary guidelines for the nutritional management of metabolic diseases.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.779-784
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• 2003

질산염은 인간의 화학적 환경 의 한 요소로 식품에 천연적으로 존재하며, 식품의 가공에도 첨가되는 물질이다. 식품의 질산염 함량은 토양의 상태나 다양한 환경 요인에 의해 달라진다. 따라서 질산염 함량에 대한 외국의 자료를 국내 식품에 직접 적용하기 어려우며, 국내의 자료도 이미 10년이 넘은 것들이어서 현재 섭취하고 있는 식품과는 다른 것들도 있을 것으로 사료된다. 이에 본 연구에서는 국민영양조사를 토대로 14개 식품군, 138종의 식품을 선정하여, 질산염 함량을 조사하였다. 조사된 식품의 질산염 함량은 불검출∼6733.3 mg/kg으로 그 양이 매우 다양하였으며, 식품군별 상용식품의 질산염 평균 함량을 보면, 곡류 및 곡류가공품 27.2 mg/kg, 감자류 및 감자류가공품 78.1 mg/kg, 두류 및 두류가공품 8.3 mg/kg, 종실류 불검출, 채소류 및 채소류가공품 1012.1 mg/kg, 버섯류 76.3 mg/kg, 과실류 42.2 mg/kg, 육류 및 육류가공품 34.5 mg/kg, 난류 미검출, 어패류 및 어 패류가공품 23.9 mg/kg, 해조류 23.0mg/kg, 유류 및 유류가공품 7.7 mg/kg, 조미료류 26.3 mg/kg, 기타 68.0 mg/kg이었다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.184-191
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• 2006

This study investigated parents' attitude about children's unbalanced diet. The subjects were 1,309 parents that their children attended at kindergarten or child care center in Kyoung-Ki province. The order of dislikes in 'vegetables and fruits' was as follows: all kinds of vegetables (56.6%), beans (17.6%), fruits (5.2%). In 'meat, fish, poultry', the order of dislikes was meats (38.2%), fishes (21.8%), milk (16.4%), eggs (10.0%). In 'cerelas', the order of dislikes was rice (31.0%), rice cakes (14.3%), noodles (11.9%). The several rationalizations for dislikes are 'taste' (19.1 %), 'food habit from younger age' (18.4%), 'lack of chances for trying new food' (16.0%) etc. To compared children's rationalizations for dislikes to their age group, the percentage of 'lack of chances for trying new food', 'strange food shape', 'lack of nutrition education' was significantly higher in 'below 5 years old' (<5) group than other groups (<6, <7) and 'sweety food' was significantly higher in 'below 7 years old' (<7) group than other groups (<6, <7)(p <0.05). In parents' attitude about children's unbalanced dietary habit, subjects answered that they try to make children understand to eat dislike food (73.9%), develop new recipe for children (14.0%), neglect children's food habit (6.2%). To compared parents' attitude for children's unbalanced diet by parents age, the percentage of 'try to make children understand to eat dislike food' was significantly higher in 'below 30 years old' (<30) group than other groups ($30{\sim}35,\;35{\sim}39,\;{\geq}40$) and 'developing new recipe' was significantly higher in 'over 40 years old' (${\geq}40$) group than other groups ($<30,\;30{\sim}35,\;35{\sim}39$)(p < 0.05). To compared parents' attitude for children's unbalanced diet by parents' occupation, the percentage of 'neglecting' was higher in employed group and 'developing new recipe' was higher in unemployed group than the other group. According to the results of the survey, it is necessary to make new educational materials for employed parents and young children and develop new recipes to use various kind of foods instead of forcing unpleasant foods on the children for the sake of unbalanced diet.