• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.62-69
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• 2019

Korean shipbuilding companies have taken many efforts for safety over the years by developing Health, Safety & Environment (HSE) Management Systems, Procedures, Training, and studying Programs for prevention of incidents. As a result, the shipbuilding industry has succeeded in reducing overall injury rates. Nevertheless, the industry also noticed that incident rates are still not at zero and more importantly, serious injuries and fatalities are still occurring. One factor that may be attributing to this is the lack of managing potential severity during incident investigations, most incident investigations are implemented based on the actual result. Generally, each shipbuilding company develops their customized incident investigation programs and these are also commonly being focused on actual result. This study aimed to develop a shift in strategy toward safety to classify the criteria of potential severity from any incidents and manage that to prevent any recurrence or causing any serious injuries or fatalities in the shipbuilding industry. Several global energy companies have already developed potential severity management tools and applied them in their incident investigations. In order to verify the necessity of improvement for current systems, a case study and comparative analysis between a domestic shipbuilding company and several global energy companies from foreign countries was implemented and comparison of two incident investigation cases from specific offshore projects was conducted to measure the value of a potential severity system. Also, a checklist was established from the data of fatalities and serious injuries in recent 5 years that occurred in Korea shipbuilding industry and a proposal to verify high potential incidents in the incident investigation process and comparative analysis between the assessment by appling proposed checklist and the assessment from a global energy company by using their own system was implemented. As a measure to prevent any incidents, it is required to focus on potential severity assessment during the incident investigation rather than to only control actual result. Hence, this study aims to propose a realistic plan which enables to improve the existing practices of incident investigation and control in the shipbuilding industry.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.3-12
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• 2019

Current risk assessment methods typically determine accident risks embedded in construction projects by combining severity and frequency; however, they do not reflect the characteristics of construction projects. To solve the problem, this study aims to develop a novel risk assessment method that combines severity, frequency, and disaster influence factors (i.e., weather conditions and worker's characteristics) for assessing risks of activities occurring on a construction site actually. In this study, a severity was estimated by death against victims, and a frequency was estimated by the victim rate. The frequency was then converted to probability taking disaster influence factors into account. Thus, instead of considering severity and frequency for assessing the original risks (RO), the proposed method uses severity and probability to yield adjusted risks (RA) for each activity. A case study was conducted to determine if the proposed method works as intended in a real setting. The results show that RA is more sensitive to disaster influence factors than RO and, therefore, is able to assess the actual risks reflecting the working environment and conditions of a construction site. This study contributes to risk management of construction projects by offering a risk assessment method that measures a possibility of potential disasters from the probabilistic perspective. This method would help project managers assess accident risks in a more systematic and quantitative manner.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.260-266
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• 2009

The theory of risk is applied frequently in analysis of railway accidents. The aim of risk analysis is to search potential causes and contribution factors of accidents by checking the total system of construction field. This paper analyze a pattern and a cause of accident occupied in construction field, calculate risk index considering accident frequency and severity, and then provide the relative risk assessment. Based on this, this paper will provide the methodology of qualitative risk assessment guiding to reach a consistency of risk index with risk assessment.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.147-152
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• 2015

Corrosion of steel reinforcement is a major factor in the deterioration of harbour and bridge structure. Steel corrosion in concrete must be checked for assessing the condition of a reinforced concrete structure. There are several ways how to measure the corrosion condition of reinforced concrete, but the corrosion potential measurement is a very simple, rapid, cost-effective and non-destructive technique to evaluate the severity of corrosion in reinforced concrete structure, therefore commonly used by engineers. However some particular situations may not relate to the reinforcement corrosion probability and a simple comparison of the corrosion potential data with the ASTM C876 Standard on steel reinforcement corrosion probability could be meaningless and not give reliable informations because of environment factors as oxygen concentration, chloride content, concrete resistance. Therefore this paper explains the risk of corrosion assessment in reinforced concrete structure and how many factors can affect the reliability of the corrosion potential data.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.99-106
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• 2004

This paper presents the procedures and the results conducted by the proposed one for the risk assessment based on the accident statistics in the Korean railway. Approximately 1200 accident data were used for this study, and risk models were developed to describe the potential hazards. A risk assessment was conducted using the potential problem analysis technique qualitatively. Additionally, this study performed a regional risk assessment. The results of this study showed that the risks for collisions between trains and derailment are relatively low. However, grade crossing and public accident and accidents of workers on tracks take high risks. A large number of accidents is concentrated on the three regions such as Suwon, Chunan, and Chungrangri.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.223-231
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• 2015

Although a considerable part of climate change can be explained by temperature change, hydrological change such as precipitation, evapotranspiration, and runoff impact more on society. For the ascertain a hydrological change in agriculture sector, this study estimate evapotranspiration of cropland in the Korean peninsula, and then to assess the drought severity in the past 30 years through the estimated potential evapotranspiration and observed precipitation. The potential evapotranspiration is estimated by EPIC model and Penman-Monteith method and the drought severity in cropland of the Korean peninsula is assessed using Normalized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (NPEI) based on the difference in precipitation and potential evapotranspiration. In North Korea, the estimated evapotranspiration tends to increase even though a significant change is not found due to the change of climate. Although a time series change in drought severity in the past 30 years is not pronounced, a deviation by year and difference between South and North Korea is certain. One reason of this is difference in precipitation and evapotranspiration change according to the latitude. The result including expansion of facilities for water management in North Korea can be used for agricultural decision making, as well as base data of climate change adaptation.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.517-534
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• 2019

In abrupt fire disturbances, high quality images suitable for wildfire damage assessment can be difficult to acquire. Quantifying wildfire burn area and severity are essential measures for quick short-term disaster response and efficient long-term disaster restoration. Planetscope (PS) imagery offers 3 m spatial and daily temporal resolution, which can overcome the spatio-temporal resolution tradeoff of conventional satellites, albeit at the cost of spectral resolution. This study investigated the potential of augmenting PS imagery by integrating the spectral information from Sentinel-2 (S2) differenced Normalized Burn Ratio (dNBR) to PS differenced Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (dNDVI) using histogram matching,specifically for wildfire burn area and severity assessment of the Okgye wildfire which occurred on April 4th, 2019. Due to the difficulty in acquiring reference data, the results of the study were compared to the wildfire burn area reported by Ministry of the Interior and Safety. The burn area estimates from this study demonstrated that the histogram-matched (HM) PS dNDVI image produced more accurate burn area estimates and more descriptive burn severity intervals in contrast to conventional methods using S2. The HM PS dNDVI image returned an error of only 0.691% whereas the S2 dNDVI and dNBR images overestimated the wildfire burn area by 5.32% and 106%, respectively. These improvements using PS were largely due to the higher spatial resolution, allowing for the detection of sparsely distributed patches of land and narrow roads, which were indistinguishable using S2 dNBR. In addition, the integration of spectral information from S2 in the PS image resolved saturation effects in areas of low and high burn severity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.102-114
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• 2018

The Railway Safety Management System is based on risk management and the basic purpose of risk management is safety management activities to prevent railway accidents and operational obstacles in advance. In order to manage risk, an acceptable risk standard must be established. This risk criterion is used to evaluate the railway risk with both frequency and severity. In the case of overseas railway or other industrial sectors, various factors are reflected in the main variables that constitute the occurrence frequency, but this is no the case in the domestic railway sector. In particular, the current risk assessment criteria in the railway sector remain at a level that exploits the incidents that have occurred in the past and the severity of the property damage and it dose not properly reflect complex and diverse environmental and situational changes in railway operations. Therefore, in this study, it is possible to calculate the potential occurrence of future events instead of occurrence frequency as a component of the risk assessment criteria, focusing on the High-Speed Railway. In addition to the property damage to the consequence, we suggest a rational methodology, development direction, and theoretical implications for constructing accurate and reasonable risk criteria including actual damage such as human injury and time loss.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.13-18
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• 2012

'Navigable airspace' means an airspace at and above the minimum safe flight level, including airspace or flight procedures needed for safe takeoff and landing. Airspace may be established as needed and may be abolished, and in some cases may be limited to airspace management. These are absolutely based on risk assessment. Safety is the state in which the risk of harm to persons or of property damage is reduced to, and maintained at or below, an acceptable level through a continuing process of hazard identification and risk management. 'Risk' is the assessed potential for adverse consequences resulting from a hazard and 'Risk assessment' involves consideration of both the frequency and the severity of any adverse consequence. This paper proposed 'risk assessment procedure' for the structural changes of Navigable Airspaces through literature reviews relevant to manuals on airspace management and risk management.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.49 no.8
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• pp.451-460
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• 2011

Dental caries has been widely prevalent with presence of cavitation on teeth. For the last several decades, the prevalence of dental caries in developed countries has rapidly decreased so there has been needed a new and detailed diagnostic guideline to differentiate the severity of dental caries, especially for early status of caries. The cariology specifically requires the development of an integrated definition of dental caries and uniform systems for measuring the caries process in the fields of clinical diagnosis and treatment, epidemiological researches, and dental education and so forth. The international Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) optically measures the enamel surface changes and potential histological depth of carious lesions by relying on surface characteristics of teeth. ICDAS is a visual classification system that was developed to diagnose the subtle changes of enamel surface, predict the progress direction of early caries, allow standardized data collection in relation to caries in different settings, and to enable better comparison of oral health between countries worldwide and research studies.