• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제59권10호
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• pp.23.1-23.11
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• 2017

Background: Although soybean meal (SBM) is excellent source of protein in diets for poultry, it is sometimes inaccessible, costly and fluctuates in supply. The SBM can partially be replaced by full-fat SBM, but the meals prepared from raw full-fat soybean contain antinutritional factors. To avoid the risk of antinutritional factors, heat treatment is always advisable, but either excessive or under heating the soybean could negatively affect the quality. However, the potential for further improvement of SBM by supplementing with microbial enzymes has been suggested by many researchers. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance and ileal nutrient digestibility of birds fed on diets containing raw soybeans and supplemented with microbial protease. Methods: A $3{\times}2$ factorial, involving 3 levels of raw full-fat soybean (RFFS; 0, 45 or 75 g/kg of diet) and 2 levels of protease (0 or 15,000 PROT/kg) was used. The birds were raised in a climate-controlled room. A nitrogen-free diet was also offered to a reference group from day 19 to 24 to determine protein and amino acid flow at the terminal ileum and calculate the standardized ileal digestibility of nutrients. On days 10, 24 and 35, body weight and feed leftover were recorded to calculate the body weight gain (BWG), feed intake (FI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR). On day 24, samples of ileal digesta were collected at least from two birds per replicate. Results: When RFFS was increased from 0 to 75 g/kg of diet, the content of trypsin inhibitors was increased from 1747 to 10,193 trypsin inhibitors unit (TIU)/g of diets, and feed consumption of birds was also reduced (P < 0.05). Increasing RFFS level reduced the BWG from hatch 0 to 10 d (P < 0.01) and hatch to 24 d (P < 0.05). The BWG of birds from hatch to 35 was not significantly (P = 0.07) affected. Feed intake was also reduced (P < 0.05) during 0 to 35 d. However, protease supplementation improved (P < 0.05) the BWG and FCR during 0 to 24 d. Rising levels of RFFS increased the weight of pancreas (P < 0.001) and small intestine (P < 0.001) at day 24. Except for methionine, apparent and the corresponding standardized ileal digestibility of CP and AA were reduced (P < 0.01) by increasing levels of RFFS in diets. Conclusion: This study showed that some commercial SBM could be replaced by RFFS in broiler diets, without markedly compromising productivity. The AID and SID of CP and lysine were slightly improved by dietary supplementation of microbial protease.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.67-74
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• 2014

목적 본 연구는 인터넷을 사용하는 저소득층 초등학교 고학년 아동이 스스로 인식하는 자아존중감, 우울, 삶의 만족도를 파악하고 인터넷 중독에 영향을 미치는 주요 예측요인을 파악하여 인터넷중독을 예방프로그램을 개발에 도움이 되는 기초자료를 제공하고자 시도되었다. 방법 2013년 3월부터 5월까지 T광역시 영구임대 아파트에 거주하는 초등학교 고학년을 대상으로 부모의 협조를 구한 뒤 학생들에게 연구의 목적과 취지를 설명하고 동의를 구한 후 구조화된 설문지에 대한 내용과 기재요령을 설명하여 수집하였다. 이중 내용이 완전히 기입되지 않은 7부를 제외한 201부를 분석대상으로 하였다. 결과 아동의 78.6%가 $23.81{\pm}7.06$점으로 일반사용자로 분류되었고 14.4%가 $28.66{\pm}7.96$점으로 잠재적 위험 사용자로 나타났으며 7.0%가 $43.43{\pm}8.22$점으로 고위험 사용자로 분류되었다. 인터넷 중독 정도는 가족과의 대화(r=.438, p <.001), 인터넷 사용시간(r=.680, p <.001), 우울(r=.396, p <.001)과 유의한 정상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 학년(r=-.032, p =.045)과 삶의 만족도(r=-.200, p =.002)는 인터넷 중독 정도와 유의한 역상관관계를 나타내었다. 대상자의 인터넷 중독에 영향을 주는 요인은 가족과의 대화(${\beta}=0.39$, p <.001), 우울(${\beta}=0.30$, p <.001)인 것으로 나타났다. 이들 변인 인터넷 중독점수의 29.2%를 설명하고 있었다(F=21.61, p <.001). 결론 본 연구결과를 바탕으로 저소득층 초등학교 고학년 아동들의 올바른 인터넷 문화형성을 위해 도움이 되는 중재를 계획할 때 가족 간의 원만하고 풍부한 의사소통을 경험하고 이를 바탕으로 다양한 활동의 유익성과 즐거움을 인식하게 하여 과다한 인터넷 사용시간을 줄여나가고 저소득층에 대한 사회적 배려와 지원을 바탕으로 다양한 신체활동과 정신활동 및 운동에 대한 참여기회를 확대하고 저소득층이라는 환경의 부정적인 측면을 최소화하여 아동의 우울을 줄이고 삶의 만족도를 높일 수 있도록 간호학적 전략이 포함되어야 할 것이다.

• 한국ITS학회 논문지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.62-73
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• 2022

각국의 자율주행시스템 기술개발 경쟁이 심화함에 따라 정부도 자율주행시스템의 시장 진입을 전방위에서 지원하고 있다. SAE(Society of Automotive Engineers) 3단계 기술은 운전자가 위험 상황을 회피해야 하고, 4단계 기술은 자율주행시스템 스스로 위험 상황에 대응할 수 있어야 한다. 이에 따라, 공공부문은 도로 위험 상황을 모니터링하고, 도로 인프라 정보를 운전자와 자율주행시스템에 제공하여 대응할 수 있도록 지원할 필요가 있다. 본 연구는 도로 인프라 위험 요소를 자율주행시스템의 ODD(Operational Design Domain) 특성에 따라 모니터링 대상별 위험 요소를 세분화하고, 각 위험 요소가 차량에 미칠 영향에 따른 위험도 등급화 및 평가 방안을 제시하였다. 위험 상황 발생 시 자율주행차의 운행 특성을 시뮬레이션하고, 위험 요인 특성과 물리적인 차량 조건 사이의 영향 관계를 파악하여 등급화함으로써 위험도를 평가할 수 있다. 또한 수집된 모니터링 정보는 관리 센터와 공유하고, 요소별 특성에 따른 노드 혹은 링크 형태로 정밀지도에 표출하여 위치정보와 위험도 등급 등 종합적 관리가 가능한 모니터링 체계를 정립할 것을 제안하였다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제67권4호
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• pp.418-430
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• 2024

Objective : Isoflurane, a widely used common inhalational anesthetic agent, can induce brain toxicity. The challenge lies in protecting neurologically compromised patients from neurotoxic anesthetics. Choline alfoscerate (L-α-Glycerophosphorylcholine, α-GPC) is recognized for its neuroprotective properties against oxidative stress and inflammation, but its optimal therapeutic window and indications are still under investigation. This study explores the impact of α-GPC on human astrocytes, the most abundant cells in the brain that protect against oxidative stress, under isoflurane exposure. Methods : This study was designed to examine changes in factors related to isoflurane-induced toxicity following α-GPC administration. Primary human astrocytes were pretreated with varying doses of α-GPC (ranging from 0.1 to 10.0 µM) for 24 hours prior to 2.5% isoflurane exposure. In vitro analysis of cell morphology, water-soluble tetrazolium salt-1 assay, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, proteome profiler array, and transcriptome sequencing were conducted. Results : A significant morphological damage to human astrocytes was observed in the group that had been pretreated with 10.0 mM of α-GPC and exposed to 2.5% isoflurane. A decrease in cell viability was identified in the group pretreated with 10.0 µM of α-GPC and exposed to 2.5% isoflurane compared to the group exposed only to 2.5% isoflurane. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction revealed that mRNA expression of heme-oxygenase 1 and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α, which were reduced by isoflurane, was further suppressed by 10.0 µM α-GPC pretreatment. The proteome profiler array demonstrated that α-GPC pretreatment influenced a variety of factors associated with apoptosis induced by oxidative stress. Additionally, transcriptome sequencing identified pathways significantly related to changes in isoflurane-induced toxicity caused by α-GPC pretreatment. Conclusion : The findings suggest that α-GPC pretreatment could potentially enhance the vulnerability of primary human astrocytes to isoflurane-induced toxicity by diminishing the expression of antioxidant factors, potentially leading to amplified cell damage.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제56권3호
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• pp.311-330
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• 2023

CO₂ 배출량 증가로 인한 지구온난화 심화에 대한 주요 대책으로 CO₂를 포집하여 지중에 저장하는 이산화탄소 포집·저장(Carbon capture storage, CCS) 기술이 주목받고 있다. 최근 현무암의 거대한 체적, 높은 반응성, 풍부한 양이온 함량 등의 특성이 CO₂ 포획 및 저장 기작에 유리하게 작용한다는 사실이 부각되면서, 현무암층을 대상으로 하는 CO₂ 지중저장이 다양한 분야에서 연구되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 CO₂ 지중저장 기작, 현무암의 특성과 더불어 국외 연구 사례들을 조사 및 분석하여, 현무암 CO₂ 지중저장에 대한 타당성을 검토하였다. 조사한 사례들은 수행 방법을 기준으로 실험, 모델링, 현장 실증 연구로 분류하였다. 연구 사례별 실험 조건의 경우 온도는 20 ~ 250 ℃, 압력은 0.1 ~ 30 MPa, 암석-유체 간 반응 시간은 수 시간에서 4년까지 넓은 범위에서 진행되었다. 모델링 연구에서는 현무암 CO₂ 지중저장 후보지와 유사한 모델을 구축하여 CO₂-유체 주입 전∙후 유체역학적 및 지화학적 요인들에 대한 변화를 살펴본 사례가 다수였다. 검토 결과, 현무암은 잠재 CO₂ 저장용량이 크고, CO₂ 광물화 반응이 빠르기 때문에 현무암 CO₂ 지중저장시 온도와 압력 및 지질구조와 같은 환경적인 제약이 적다. 현장 실증 사례인 CarbFix project, Wallula project가 성공적으로 수행되어 실증 수행가능성 또한 높게 평가되고 있다. 그러나 현무암 대상 CO₂ 지중저장에서 신중히 고려해야 할 점도 존재한다. 광물화 기작이 현무암의 조성, 주입 지역의 특성 등 여러 요인에 따라 결과가 상이하게 나타나고, 탄산염과 규산염 광물 등의 침전으로 인해 관정 주입성(injectivity) 저하가 발생할 수 있다. CO₂ 주입 시 저장층 내 압력 증가가 발생할 수 있으며 암석-CO₂-유체 반응 과정에서 지중환경 오염의 위험성도 존재한다. 유체에 CO₂를 용해시켜 주입하기 때문에 기존 방식과 다른 지중 모니터링 기술 또한 요구된다. 따라서, 현무암에서의 CO₂ 지중저장을 안정적이고 효율적으로 수행하기 위해서는 적합한 대상 지역을 선별하고, 해당 지역에 대한 여러 자료를 구축하여 이를 기반으로 한 다양한 실험, 모델링, 현장 실증 등의 체계적인 연구 수행이 필요하다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제59권2호
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• pp.117-121
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• 2016

Objective : Hemorrhagic moyamoya disease (hMMD) is associated with a poor clinical course. Furthermore, poorer clinical outcomes occur in cases of recurrent bleeding. However, the effect of hemodynamic insufficiency on rebleeding risk has not been investigated yet. This study evaluated the prognostic implications of the perfusion status during the clinical course of adult hMMD. Methods : This retrospective study enrolled 52 adult hMMD patients between April 1995 and October 2010 from a single institute. Demographic data, clinical and radiologic characteristics, including hemodynamic status using single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), and follow up data were obtained via a retrospective review of medical charts and imaging. Statistical analyses were performed to explore potential prognostic factors. Results : Hemodynamic abnormality was identified in 44 (84.6%) patients. Subsequent revascularization surgery was performed in 22 (42.3%) patients. During a 58-month (median, range 3-160) follow-up assessment period, 17 showed subsequent stroke (hemorrhagic n=12, ischemic n=5, Actuarial stroke rate $5.8{\pm}1.4%/year$). Recurrent hemorrhage was associated with decreased basal perfusion (HR 19.872; 95% CI=1.196-294.117) and omission of revascularization (10.218; 95%; CI=1.532-68.136). Conclusion : Decreased basal perfusion seems to be associated with recurrent bleeding. Revascularization might prevent recurrent stroke in hMMD by rectifying the perfusion abnormality. A larger-sized, controlled study is required to address this issue.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.258-266
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• 2017

Background: Welders are exposed to many known and suspected carcinogens. An excess lung cancer risk among welders is well established, but whether this is attributable to welding fumes is unclear. Excess risks of other cancers have been suggested, but not established. We investigated welding cancer risks in the population-based Canadian Census Health and Environmental Cohort. Methods: Among 1.1 million male workers, 12,845 welders were identified using Standard Occupational Classification codes and followed through retrospective linkage of 1991 Canadian Long Form Census and Canadian Cancer Registry (1992-2010) records. Hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated using Cox proportional hazards models based on estimated risks of lung cancer, mesothelioma, and nasal, brain, stomach, kidney, and bladder cancers, and ocular melanoma. Lung cancer histological subtypes and risks by industry group and for occasional welders were examined. Some analyses restricted comparisons to blue-collar workers to minimize effects of potential confounders. Results: Among welders, elevated risks were observed for lung cancer [HR: 1.16, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.03-1.31], mesothelioma (HR: 1.78, 95% CI: 1.01-3.18), bladder cancer (HR: 1.40, 95% CI: 1.15-1.70), and kidney cancer (HR: 1.30, 95% CI: 1.01-1.67). When restricted to blue-collar workers, lung cancer and mesothelioma risks were attenuated, while bladder and kidney cancer risks increased. Conclusion: Excess risks of lung cancer and mesothelioma may be partly attributable to factors including smoking and asbestos. Welding-specific exposures may increase bladder and kidney cancer risks, and particular sources of exposure should be investigated. Studies that are able to disentangle welding effects from smoking and asbestos exposure are needed.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.118-128
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• 2015

Purpose: Evidence suggests that some patients with breast cancer experience cognitive difficulties following chemotherapy. This longitudinal study was done to examine the prevalence of cognitive impairment and trajectory of cognitive function over time in women with breast cancer, who received adjuvant chemotherapy. Methods: Participants were 137 patients with breast cancer. They completed neuropsychological tests and the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Cognitive Function before adjuvant therapy (pretest), toward the end of adjuvant therapy (posttest), and 6 months after the completion of adjuvant therapy (follow-up test). Of the patients, 91 were treated with adjuvant chemotherapy and 46 patients who did not receive chemotherapy made up the comparison group. A reliable-change index and repeated-measure ANOVA were used for statistical analyses. Results: At the posttest point, over 30% of patients showed complex cognitive impairment and reported greater difficulty in subjective cognitive function. At the follow-up test point, 22.0% of patients exhibited complex cognitive impairment and 30.8% of patients complained of subjective cognitive impairment. Repeated-measure ANOVA showed significant decreases after receiving chemotherapy followed by small improvements 6 months after the completion of chemotherapy in cognitive domains of change for attention and concentration, memory, executive function, and subjective cognitive function. Conclusion: These results suggest that chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer may be associated with objective and subjective cognitive impairments. Further studies are needed to explore the potential risk factors and predictor of chemotherapy-related cognitive changes. Also nursing interventions for prevention and intervention of cognitive impairments should be developed and tested.

• 통상정보연구
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.429-451
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• 2012

본 논문에서는 국제통상 협상에서 마키아밸리즘, 이상주의, 기회주의 등의 개인적 특성과 법률시스템, 조직의 목표 등 환경적 요인 등이 비윤리적 협상행위에 대한 결정요인으로서 영향을 미치는지에 대한 여부를 실증분석 하였다. 분석결과에 의하면 마키아밸리즘과 이상주의는 부적절한 정보수집과 같은 비윤리적 협상전략과 관련이 있는 반면에 기회주의는 영향이 없는 것으로 확인되었으며, 엄격한 법집행이 전제되지 않은 현행 법률 시스템 하에서는 비윤리적 협상전술을 사용하려는 의도가 높게 나타났으나, 조직의 목표 달성을 위해 비윤리적 협상전술 사용하려는 의도를 낮게 나타난 것이 특징이다. 따라서 국제 협상시 상대방의 비윤리적 협상전술 사용을 억제하고 비윤리적 협상위험을 줄이기 위해서는 상대방 국가 협상자의 협상행위 특징을 파악하고, 양쪽 문화에 익숙한 협상 자문사를 고용하는 것이 보다 안전한 협상이득을 얻을 수 있는 방안이라 사료된다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제42권6호
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• pp.791-798
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of saline solution vs. heparinized-saline for maintenance of arterial lines and to detect changes in platelet and aPTT as physiological indexes. Methods: In this nonequivalent control group, non-synchronized, double-blind study the effects of heparinized and saline solution on the maintenance of arterial lines were compared. Fifty five patients received the heparinized solution and fifty nine patients received the saline solution. All patients who had surgery in K-university hospital between September and December 2011 were eligible for participation in the study. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the saline and the heparin group in the maintenance time of the arterial lines or the number of irrigations. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in changes in the number of platelets and aPTT for interaction between the groups and time intervals. Conclusion: The results indicate that saline solution can be used as an irrigation solution for the maintenance of arterial lines of adult surgical patients, rather than heparinized-saline, in view of potential risk factors in the use of heparin.