• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Pathology Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.79.1-79
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• 2003

Two pathogen-induced hot pepper transcription factors (CaNACl and CapIfl) were introduced into‘MicroTom’tomato by Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. We used to nptII containing kanamycin resistance gene as a selection marker. Both transformed and non-transformed plants were transferred to pot after rooting test in vitro. To approximate the levels of caNACl transcript in leaves of wild-type and transgenic plants, RNA blots were hybridized with double-stranded full-length CaNACl probe at moderate stringency, Although the relative signal strength for hybridization fluctuated among the samples on different blots, transgenic plant lines N-1, N-2 and N-3 consistently displayed increased levels of CaNACl transcript relative to other transgenic lines and wild-type plants. Of all the transgenic lines examined, line N-7 had the least amount of CaNACl transcript. Role of these transcription factors in pathogen defense will be examined by overexpression in tomato.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.3-9
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• 1988

Effect of several nitrogen fertilizer sources on the chlorine absorption by the burley tobacco plants was investigated under the field and pot condition. The nitrogen sources included compound fertilize.(containing 3.9% NH4-N and 6.1% NH2-N), (NH4)2SO4, NaNO3. (NH2)2CO and NH4NO3. The chlorine content of leaf during growing stage was high in (NH4)2SO4 plot , and the differences among nitrogen sources was remarkable at maximum growing stage. The chlorine content of cured leaf was high in (NH4)2SO4 plot. When the (NH4)2SO4 was applied, the total alkaloid content of cured leaf was increased and the color of cured leaf became undesirable with the increment of leaf chlorine. The yield, quality and value of cured leaf were high in NaNO3 plot , while low in (NH4)2SO4 plot.

• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.240-244
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• 1994

Watermelon plants grafted with the root-stock of wild-cucumber (Sicyos angulatus) were not infected by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. niveum in pot inoculation and infected fields tests. Controlling efficacy of the root-stock grafting with S. angulatus on Fusarium wilt of watermelon was more excellent than that of the root-stock grafting with Lagenaria siceraria. The isolates of Fusarium oxysprum from cucurbitaceae plants had a certain host-specific pathogenicity, but they did not express the absolute one forma specialis-one host-plant phenomenon by the root dipping inoculation. The pathogenic isolates of Fusarium oxysproum from cucurbitaceae crops did not infect the root-stock plant such as S. angulatus, L. siceraria and Cucurbita ficifolia. The fast-wilting of watermelon caused by uncertain agents was observed in watermelon plant grafted with L. siceraria in the continuously cropping fields, but it was not observed in watermelon plants grafted with S. angulatus in the same fields.

• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.292-296
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• 1994

Main tobacco diseases were surveyed on tobacco plants in the northern Kyeongbuk area to evaluate the effectiveness of current disease control techniques from 1993 to 1994. The major disease in seedlings was the anthracnose (Colletotrichum tabacum) but the mosaic (TMV) in adult plants. Wild fire (Psedomonas syringae pv. tabaci) and hollow stalk (Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora) were more severe in 1993 than those in 1994 because of more rain. Establishment of drain-outlet at the bottom of the temporary transplanting pot gave a significant reduction in anthracnose severity. Most farmers have ignored the protection effect of using milk during transplanting and the removal of diseased roots from the fields on mosaic (TMV). It was considered that the educating program on disease diagnosis and fungicide application might help farmers for the proper use of chemicals.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.317-343
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• 1977

This study was carried out to obtain the informations about evaporation from pot, soil temperature and soil atmosphere composition in pot, and the effect on the growth of nine ornamental species using seven different containers. The investigated containers were clay pot(CP), clay pot painted in green(CP-P), varnished clay pot(CP-V), polyethylene film inserting in clay pot(CP-PI), clay pot mulched with black polyethylene film(CP-PM), porcelain pot(POP), and plastic pot(PLP). Nine ornamental species were balsam(Impatiens balsamina), chrysanthemum(Chrysanthemum morifolium), cosmos(Cosmos bipinatus), English ivy(Hedera helix), geranium(Pelargonium zonale), kochia(Kochia scoparia var. trichophila), marigold(Tagetes patula), ornamental kale(Brassica oleraceae var. acephala), and salvia (Salvia splendens). The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. Dry weight of all tested species grown in PLP, POP, CP-P, CP-V and CP-PI was heavier than that of CP. 2. Plant height in nine tested species grown in PLP, POP, CP-P, CP-V, and CP-PI was taller than that of CP. 3. Geranium grown in PLP, POP, CP-P, and CP-V gave more number of leaf than that of CP. 4. The number of flower in balsam grown in PLP, POP, CP-P, CP-V and CP-PI was more than that of CP. The result from marigold was very similar to this tendency. Spike length and floret number in salvia gave the same tendency, but its spike number was not different among containers used. 5. The average diurnal evaporation from PLP and POP was about 43% of that of CP. About two third of total evaporation from CP was through pot wall. 6. The evaporation rate from the slowest to the highest was PLP, POP, CP-P, CP-V, CP-PI, CP-PM and CP. Containers inhibiting evaporation through pot wall hold more soil moisture than CP from one day after water supply. 7. The more evaporative water-loss from containers gave the lower soil temperature. The variation of soil temperature among containers was higher during the day than the night. 8. The $O_2$ concentration of soil atmosphere in CP was higher than that of nonporous containers, and the difference between them was 0.40-1.12%. The range of the $O_2$ concentration 17.95~19.62%. The $CO_2$ concentration of soil atmosphere in CP was lower than that of nonporous containers, and its range was 0.59-1.76%. This deviation in soil atmosphere composition did not influenced on the growth of plants. 9. There was a possitive correlation between the amount of soil water and the plant growth. 10. Plant grown on CP gave more total nitrogen content in top growth than that on PLP. C/N ratio was somewhat low in plant on CP. From the above results, $O_2$ and $CO_2$ concentration in soil atmosphere did not gave enough deviation to the extent which affect the plant growth. The effect of soil moisture on the plant growth using different containers was the far-most significant factor from this investigation. Therefore, it was obious that the utilization of the nonporous container might save the cost for water supply and reduce the production cost of the pot-grown ornamental plant in Korea eventually.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.223-230
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• 1982

To obtain the information on the germination and initial growth of the sesame, the seed of 6 sesame cultivars obtained from upper and lower position of plants were seeded and the results on the germination and initial growth were summarized as follows; 1. When the seeding time was delayed, the days to flower of all sesame cultivars were significantly decreased. And the shortening rate of days to flower by delaying seeding time showed significant differences among the sesame cultivars. 2. At all cultivars excluding IS 103, the germination percentage of the seeds obtained from lower position of sesame plant was significantly higher than those from upper position. 3. Germination percentage of IS 103 seeds from lower position of sesame plant was 20.0% at petri dish experiment and 75.0% at pot experiment and those from upper position of the stem was 17.0% at petri dish experiment and 72.5% at pot experiment, respectively. 4. The germination speed of all cultivars showed a same tendency as germination percentage, but the germination speed of cultivars at pot experiment was higher than those at petri dish experiment. 5. The sesame seedlings from lower position seed were increased in stem length, root length, leaf length and fresh weight than those from upper position seed. The germination percentage and the initial growth showed significant differences by the seed weight in same cultivar, however did not show any varietal differences.

• Mycobiology
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.147-153
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• 2018

Certain beneficial microorganisms isolated from rhizosphere soil promote plant growth and induce resistance to a wide variety of plant pathogens. We obtained 49 fungal isolates from the rhizosphere soil of paprika plants, and selected 18 of these isolates that did not inhibit tomato seed germination for further investigation. Based on a seed germination assay, we selected four isolates for further plant tests. Treatment of seeds with isolate JF27 promoted plant growth in pot tests, and suppressed bacterial speck disease caused by Pseudomonas syringae pathovar (pv.) tomato DC3000. Furthermore, expression of the pathogenesis-related 1 (PR1) gene was higher in the leaves of tomato plants grown from seeds treated with JF27; expression remained at a consistently higher level than in the control plants for 12 h after pathogen infection. The phylogenetic analysis of a partial internal transcribed spacer sequence and the b-tubulin gene identified isolate JF27 as Aspergillus terreus. Taken together, these results suggest that A. terreus JF27 has potential as a growth promoter and could be used to control bacterial speck disease by inducing resistance in tomato plants.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.7
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• pp.77-81
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• 1969

The effects of submerged method. Zentmyer's drench method. pot test and field test with materials such as Carbamisol (ammonium methyldithiocarbamic acid $30\%$), NCS (ammonium N-methyldithiocarbamate$50\%$, Similuton(ethyl phenethynylmeroury $3.3\%$), Soill(N-ethylmercuric p-toluensulfonanilide $4\%$, Captan (N-trichloromethylthio-1, 2, 3, 6-tetra-hydrophthalimide $80\%$), Difolatan(N-tetrachloroet-hylthio 4cyelohexeno-1,2-dicarboximide $80\%$, Grand(2, 3-dibromepropionitryl $20\%$, trichloronitroethylene $20\%$) and Calcium hydroxide upon occurrence of Fusarium wilt of cucumber were studied. The results are summarized as follows. 1. According to submerged method, all the compounds tested were highly inhibitory to mycelial growth of Fusarium oxysporum f. cucumerinum except calcium hydroxide. But several compounds were no inhibitory to the causal fungus except Grand and Similuton, with Zentmyer's drench method. 2. Grand was the most effective fungicide for the control of cocumber Fusarium wilt in the pot test, and followed by Similuton and calcium hydroxide. The population of Fusarium oxysporm was markedly reduced when soil was treat with Grand compared with other chemicals. 3. Fungicidal effects upon occurrence of Fusarium wilt of cucumber under the field experiment varied with the fungicides. Of the fungicides tested. Grand gave the best control, and followed by Difolatan.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.198-209
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• 2004

In order to elucidate the behavior of the fungicide hexaconazole in soil and rice plants, rice plants were grown for 42 days in a microecosystem (pot) containing fresh and 28 day-aged soil residues of $[^{14}C]$hexaconazole. The amount of $^{14}CO_2$ evolved during 28 days of aging was 0.11 % of total $^{14}C$-radioactivity treated and the averaged weekly degradation rate was 0.03%. Mineralization rates for 42 days of rice cultivation on fresh and aged paddy soils were 0.67% of the total $^{14}C$ in case of non-rice planting on aged soil and 1.17% in case of rice planting on aged soil, whereas 1.25% in non-rice planting on fresh soil and 1.72% in case of rice planting on fresh soil, suggesting that the amounts of $^{14}CO_2$ were evolved higher from fresh soils than aged ones and from rice-planting soils than non-planting ones. The amounts of volatiles collected were very low as background levels. Most of $^{14}C$-Radioactivity was remained in soil after 42 days of rice cultivation and $^{14}C$ absorbed through rice roots was distributed more in shoots than roots and translocated into the edge of shoots of rice plants. Amounts of non-extractable $^{14}C$ in soils were higher in rice planted soil than in non-planting soil. The distribution of non-extractable $^{14}C$ was increased in the order of humin>fulvic acid>humic acid. The amounts of $^{14}C$ translocated into rotational crop Chinese cabbage were 2.36 and 3.69% of the total $^{14}C$ in case of rice planted soil containing fresh and aged residues, respectively, suggesting that small amounts of $[^{14}C]$hexaconazole and its metabolite(s) were absorbed and their bound residues were more available than their fresh ones to Chinese cabbage.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.65-70
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• 1997

Among 980 fungal strains isolated from the lesions of Trifolium repens L. and various weeds, three Penicillium sp. F40362, F40496, F40497 were selected by the first selection test and a pathogenicity test. The spores of these strains germinated readily 90 to 100% and readily infected the respective plant. The wheat bran-corn starch formulation of F40362 strain showed 100% mycoherbicidal activity against clover plant at $4{\times}10^8$ spores/pot. The same formulations of F40496 and F40497 strains showed 100% mycoherbicidal activity against clover plant at $12{\times}10^8{\sim}4{\times}10^8$ spores/pot. The same formulations of tee strains showed over 30% mycoherbicidal activity against Leguminosae plants. This method of pelletiation was potentially useful for the production of inoculum formulation as mycoherbicides and it was effective enough to treat $2{\sim}2.5\;g$ formulation($4.5{\times}10^7\;spores/mg$) to a $350\;cm^2$ pot. The three strains, F40362, F40496 and F40497 have selective mycoherbicidal activity between Trifolium repens L. and Zoysia japonica and nonselective mycoherbicidal activities against some other crop plants and weeds.