• Journal of Korea Trade
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.45-64
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• 2022

Purpose - This paper examines South Korea's potential status as a carbon leakage country, and the level of risk posed by the Korean emissions trading scheme (ETS) for Korean industries. The economic effects of border carbon adjustments (BCAs) to protect energy-intensive Korean industries in the process of achieving the carbon reduction target by 2030 through the Korean ETS are also analyzed. Design/methodology - First, using the Korean Input-Output (IO) table, this paper calculates the balance of emissions embodied in trade (BEET) and the pollution terms of trade (PTT) to determine Korean industries' carbon leakage status. Analyses of the risk level posed by carbon reduction policy implementation in international trade are conducted for some sectors by applying the EU criteria. Second, using a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model, three BCA scenarios, exemption regulations (EXE), reimbursement (REB), and tariff reduction (TAR) to protect the energy-intensive industries under the Korean ETS are addressed. Compared to the baseline scenario of achieving carbon reduction targets by 2030, the effects of BCAs on welfare, carbon leakage, outputs, and trading are analyzed. Findings - As Korea's industrial structure has been transitioning from a carbon importing to a carbon leaking country. The results indicate that some industrial sectors could face the risk of losing international competitiveness due to the Korean ETS. South Korea's industries are basically exposed to risk of carbon leakage because most industries have a trade intensity higher than 30%. This could be interpreted as disproving vulnerability to carbon leakage. Although the petroleum and coal sector is not in carbon leakage, according to BEET and PTT, the Korean ETS exposes this sector to a high risk of carbon leakage. Non-metallic minerals and iron and steel sectors are also exposed to a high risk of carbon leakage due to the increased burden of carbon reduction costs embodied in the Korean ETS, despite relatively low levels of trade intensity. BCAs are demonstrated to have an influential role in protecting energy-intensive industries while achieving the carbon reduction target by 2030. The EXE scenario has the greatest impact on mitigation of welfare losses and carbon leakage, and the TAF scenario causes a disturbance in the international trade market because of the pricing adjustment system. In reality, the EXE scenario, which implies completely exempting energy-intensive industries, could be difficult to implement due to various practical constraints, such as equity and reduction targets and other industries; therefore, the REB scenario presents the most realistic approach and appears to have an effect that could compensate for the burden of economic activities and emissions regulations in these industries. Originality/value - This paper confirms the vulnerability of the Korean industrial the risk of carbon leakage, demonstrating that some industrial sectors could be exposed to losing international competitiveness by implementing carbon reduction policies such as the Korean ETS. The contribution of this paper is the identification of proposed approaches to protect Korean industries in the process of achieving the 2030 reduction target by analyzing the effects of BCA scenarios using a CGE model.

• 한국심리학회지 : 코칭
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.21-46
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• 2020

본 연구의 목적은 일차적으로 장기적인 목표를 이루기 위해 끈기와 열정이 필요하다고 밝힌 그릿이 구조적 개입프로그램을 통해 향상이 가능한지를 검증하는 데 있다. 또한 그릿향상이 진로준비행동 및 진로태도성숙에 미치는 긍정적 영향을 검증하고자 한다. 본 프로그램에 참여하는 참가자들은 서울시에 위치한 여자대학교 대학생을 대상으로 자발적으로 희망하는 학생들을 선착순으로 모집하고 실험집단 10명, 통제집단 10명으로 구성하였다. 프로그램은 회기 당 90분으로 주 1회, 총 8회기로 실시하였고, 프로그램 시행 전 그릿과 진로준비행동, 진로태도성숙과의 관계를 알아보고자 실험집단과 통제집단 모두 사전검사를 시행하였다. 8주간 총 8회기의 그릿향상 그룹코칭 프로그램을 진행한 후 종료 시점 사후검사를 실시한 결과 그릿향상 그룹 코칭 프로그램에 참여한 여대생의 그릿은 유의미하게 나타났으며, 그릿이 향상됨에 진로준비행동, 진로태도성숙의 수준 모두 향상되는 것이 검증되었다. 또한 프로그램의 효과성 지속을 알아보기 위해 2주 뒤 추후검사를 실시한 후 분석한 결과, 평균이 약간 감소하였으나 유의미한 차이가 없어 지속성을 유지한 것으로 검증되었다. 마지막으로 본 연구의 제한점과 후속 연구에 대한 제언으로 기술하였다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제66권1호
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• pp.44-52
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• 2023

Objective : This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of transverse process (TP) hook system at the upper instrumented vertebra (UIV) for preventing screw pullout in adult spinal deformity surgery using the pedicle Hounsfield unit (HU) stratification based on K-means clustering. Methods : We retrospectively reviewed 74 patients who underwent deformity correction surgery between 2011 and 2020 and were followed up for >12 months. Pre- and post-operative data were used to determine the incidence of screw pullout, UIV TP hook implementation, vertebral body HU, pedicle HU, and patient outcomes. Data was then statistically analyzed for assessment of efficacy and risk prediction using stratified HU at UIV level alongside the effect of the TP hook system. Results : The screw pullout rate was 36.4% (27/74). Perioperative radiographic parameters were not significantly different between the pullout and non-pullout groups. The vertebral body HU and pedicle HU were significantly lower in the pullout group. K-means clustering stratified the vertebral body HU ≥205.3, <137.2, and pedicle HU ≥243.43, <156.03. The pullout rate significantly decreases in patients receiving the hook system when the pedicle HU was from ≥156.03 to < 243.43 (p<0.05), but the difference was not statistically significant in the vertebra HU stratified groups and when pedicle HU was ≥243.43 or <156.03. The postoperative clinical outcomes improved significantly with the implementation of the hook system. Conclusion : The UIV hook provides better clinical outcomes and can be considered a preventative strategy for screw-pullout in the certain pedicle HU range.

• 환경생물
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.433-441
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• 2022

Bacterial phytopathogen Pectobacterium causes soft rot disease in several vegetable crops globally, resulting in heavy agricultural losses at both the pre and postharvest stages. The present work was carried out to screen Kimchi cabbage genetic resources conserved at the National Agrobiodiversity Center, Rural Development Administration, Korea, for resistance against the soft rot pathogen Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum KACC 21701 over a period of three years (from 2020 to 2022). Infection of the phytopathogen was carried out at four-leaf stage and for each accession, twenty-five plants per germplasm were infected with KACC 21701. Kimchi cabbage cultivars Wangmatbaechu, Seoulbaechu, and CR Kiyoshi were used as control. Seven-days post-infection, the Disease Index (DI) values were manually recorded from zero to four, zero matched perfectly heathy plants and four completely dead plants. The 682 accessions of Kimchi cabbage exhibited varying degrees of disease resistance to KACC 21701 and thirty accessions, exhibiting a DI≤2, were considered for replication studies. During the replication studies, four landrace germplasms (IT102883, IT120036, IT120044, and IT120048) and one cultivar(IT187919) were confirmed to be moderately susceptible to KACC 21701. Results of the preliminary screening as well as replication studies were documented for the all the 682 germplasms. Addition of such information to the passport data of stored germplasms might serve as potential bio-resource for future breeders and researchers to develop resistant varieties or study the mechanisms involved in resistance of plants to such phytopathogen.

• 한국학교ㆍ지역보건교육학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.39-50
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• 2023

Objectives: This study aimed to provide a scoping review of the impact of COVID-19 on people with disabilities. Methods: PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) Group's key questions (PICO) for systematic reviews, a literature search was conducted from January 1, 2020 to June 30, 2023 using the "AND" search formula. The databases used were Korea DB: RISS, SCIENCEON, and KoreaMed, and International DB: PubMed, CINAHL, and Embase. Results: Among a total of 22 selected articles, 4 studies were published in korea journals: 3 were survey studies (75.0%), 1 was an analysis study (25.0%), and 18 studies were published in international journals. Through a literature review, we confirmed the differences in difficulties between PwD (People with Disability) and PwoD (People without Disability) in the COVID-19 situation, differences by disability type, and post-COVID-19 impact. In order to examine this systematically and objectively, the results were examined by dividing them, which are components based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). Conclusion: In order to respond well to crises and establish effective health policies in similar pandemic situations in the future, understanding and exploration of more diverse types and areas of disability are necessary. In addition, the development and application of appropriate health education and health promotion programs for disability type and ICF component area are required. In addition, it is necessary to develop and apply appropriate health education and health promotion programs tailored to the type of disability and ICF component area.

• 대한영상의학회지
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• 제82권3호
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• pp.589-599
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• 2021

목적 대퇴동맥을 통한 시술 후 발생한 의인성 가성동맥류에 대한 초음파 유도하 경피적 트롬빈 주입 치료의 성공률과 합병증 발생률, 치료의 실패에 관련된 요인 등을 분석해 보고자 한다. 대상과 방법 2009년 3월부터 2019년 6월까지 대퇴동맥에 발생한 의인성 가성동맥류에 대하여 영상의학과에서 초음파 유도하 경피적 트롬빈 주입 치료를 받은 30명의 환자들을 후향적으로 분석하였다. 대퇴동맥의 가성동맥류는 초음파 또는 전산화단층촬영을 사용하여 진단하였으며, 환자와 병변의 특성에 대하여 분석하였다. 결과 환자들의 평균 나이는 67.8세였으며, 가성동맥류의 평균 직경은 20.88 mm (5~40 mm)였다. 첫 치료에서 20명의 환자에서 완전한 혈전형성을 보였으며(66.6%), 10명의 환자에서 부분적 혈전형성을 보였다(33.3%). 혈소판 수가 낮은 환자(< 130 k/µL)에서 부분적 혈전형성의 가능성이 유의하게 높았다. 모든 환자에서 시술 관련 합병증은 보이지 않았다. 결론 대퇴동맥의 의인성 가성동맥류에 대한 초음파 유도하 트롬빈 주입 치료는 안전하고 효과적인 우선적 치료 방법이다.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.159-171
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• 2022

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the impact of baseline values and temporal changes in body composition parameters, including skeletal muscle index (SMI) and visceral adipose tissue area (VAT), measured using serial computed tomography (CT) imaging on the prognosis of operable breast cancers in Asian patients. Materials and Methods: This study retrospectively included 627 Asian female (mean age ± standard deviation [SD], 53.6 ± 8.3 years) who underwent surgery for stage I-III breast cancer between January 2011 and September 2012. Body composition parameters, including SMI and VAT, were semi-automatically calculated on baseline abdominal CT at the time of diagnosis and follow-up CT for post-treatment surveillance. Serial changes in SMI and VAT were calculated as the delta values. Multivariable Cox regression analysis was used to evaluate the association of baseline and delta SMI and VAT values with disease-free survival. Results: Among 627 patients, 56 patients (9.2%) had breast cancer recurrence after a median of 40.5 months. The mean value ± SD of the baseline SMI and baseline VAT were 43.7 ± 5.8 cm²/m² and 72.0 ± 46.0 cm², respectively. The mean value of the delta SMI was -0.9 cm²/m² and the delta VAT was 0.5 cm². The baseline SMI and VAT were not significantly associated with disease-free survival (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 0.983; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.937-1.031; p = 0.475 and adjusted HR, 1.001; 95% CI, 0.995-1.006; p = 0.751, respectively). The delta SMI and VAT were also not significantly associated with disease-free survival (adjusted HR, 0.894; 95% CI, 0.766-1.043; p = 0.155 and adjusted HR, 1.001; 95% CI, 0.989-1.014; p = 0.848, respectively). Conclusion: Our study revealed that baseline and early temporal changes in SMI and VAT were not independent prognostic factors regarding disease-free survival in Asian patients undergoing surgery for breast cancer.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제24권7호
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• pp.647-659
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• 2023

Objective: The study was conducted to investigate the effect of correct occlusion of the left atrial appendage (LAA) on intracardiac blood flow and thrombus formation in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) using four-dimensional (4D) flow magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and three-dimensional (3D)-printed phantoms. Materials and Methods: Three life-sized 3D-printed left atrium (LA) phantoms, including a pre-occlusion (i.e., before the occlusion procedure) model and correctly and incorrectly occluded post-procedural models, were constructed based on cardiac computed tomography images from an 86-year-old male with long-standing persistent AF. A custom-made closed-loop flow circuit was set up, and pulsatile simulated pulmonary venous flow was delivered by a pump. 4D flow MRI was performed using a 3T scanner, and the images were analyzed using MATLAB-based software (R2020b; Mathworks). Flow metrics associated with blood stasis and thrombogenicity, such as the volume of stasis defined by the velocity threshold ($\left|\vec{V}\right|$ < 3 cm/s), surface-and-time-averaged wall shear stress (WSS), and endothelial cell activation potential (ECAP), were analyzed and compared among the three LA phantom models. Results: Different spatial distributions, orientations, and magnitudes of LA flow were directly visualized within the three LA phantoms using 4D flow MRI. The time-averaged volume and its ratio to the corresponding entire volume of LA flow stasis were consistently reduced in the correctly occluded model (70.82 mL and 39.0%, respectively), followed by the incorrectly occluded (73.17 mL and 39.0%, respectively) and pre-occlusion (79.11 mL and 39.7%, respectively) models. The surfaceand-time-averaged WSS and ECAP were also lowest in the correctly occluded model (0.048 Pa and 4.004 Pa^-1, respectively), followed by the incorrectly occluded (0.059 Pa and 4.792 Pa^-1, respectively) and pre-occlusion (0.072 Pa and 5.861 Pa^-1, respectively) models. Conclusion: These findings suggest that a correctly occluded LAA leads to the greatest reduction in LA flow stasis and thrombogenicity, presenting a tentative procedural goal to maximize clinical benefits in patients with AF.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제24권12호
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• pp.1190-1199
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• 2023

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of ultrafast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and radiomic features derived from breast MRI for predicting the upstaging of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) diagnosed using percutaneous needle biopsy. Materials and Methods: Between August 2018 and June 2020, 95 patients with 98 DCIS lesions who underwent preoperative breast MRI, including an ultrafast sequence, and subsequent surgery were included. Four ultrafast MRI parameters were analyzed: time-to-enhancement, maximum slope (MS), area under the curve for 60 s after enhancement, and time-to-peak enhancement. One hundred and seven radiomic features were extracted for the whole tumor on the first post-contrast T1WI and T2WI using PyRadiomics. Clinicopathological characteristics, ultrafast MRI findings, and radiomic features were compared between the pure DCIS and DCIS with invasion groups. Prediction models, incorporating clinicopathological, ultrafast MRI, and radiomic features, were developed. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis and area under the curve (AUC) were used to evaluate model performance in distinguishing between the two groups using leave-one-out cross-validation. Results: Thirty-six of the 98 lesions (36.7%) were confirmed to have invasive components after surgery. Compared to the pure DCIS group, the DCIS with invasion group had a higher nuclear grade (P < 0.001), larger mean lesion size (P = 0.038), larger mean MS (P = 0.002), and different radiomic-related characteristics, including a more extensive tumor volume; higher maximum gray-level intensity; coarser, more complex, and heterogeneous texture; and a greater concentration of high gray-level intensity. No significant differences in AUCs were found between the model incorporating nuclear grade and lesion size (0.687) and the models integrating additional ultrafast MRI and radiomic features (0.680-0.732). Conclusion: High nuclear grade, larger lesion size, larger MS, and multiple radiomic features were associated with DCIS upstaging. However, the addition of MS and radiomic features to the prediction model did not significantly improve the prediction performance.

• 가족자원경영과 정책
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.27-38
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• 2024

본 연구는 일·가족 양립 정책 중 출산 및 육아 지원 제도의 활용 정도, 그리고 제도의 이용 여부와 양육 스트레스 양상을 알아보고자 남녀를 대상으로 다양한 직업군을 포함하여 실시되었다. 이를 위해 사용된 『한국아동패널』 13차(2020년) 자료는 기술 통계, 교차 분석, One-way ANOVA와 Duncan의 사후 검증으로 분석되었다. 주요 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 남녀 모두 관련 제도 중 '유연근무제'를 이용한 비율이 가장 높았고, 직업군별로는 두 집단 모두 '전문가 및 관련 종사자'에서 '유연근무제'를 제일 많이 선택하였다. 관련 제도 이용 여부와 양육 스트레스는 응답자 모두 평균 이상의 양육 스트레스를 지각하는 것으로 나타났다. 이 중 남성은 '유연근무제' 이용자, '가족돌봄휴직' 이용자 순으로 높았으며, 직업군별 양육 스트레스 정도는 '군인'이 가장 낮았다. 여성의 경우, '육아휴직' 이용자의 양육 스트레스가 가장 높았고 그 다음은 '육아기근로단축시간' 이용자였다. 본 연구 결과를 바탕으로 일·가족 양립 정책 활성화에 관한 함의를 논하였으며 사회적, 개인적 측면에서 제언을 하였다.