• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.431-438
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• 2006

The strength, water permeability, and photo-degradation efficiency of NOx of porous concrete with a new concept were studied in this paper. The porous concrete was comprised of coarse aggregate of maximum size 40 mm, cement, silica fume, water and air-entraining(AE) water reducing agent. The strength of porous concrete was strongly related to its matrix proportion and compaction energy. An experimental test was carried out to study the parameters of cement proportions and silica fume content for pavement applications of porous concrete which were paving a footpath, a bikeway, a parking lot, and a driveway. The regressed equations of relation-ships between compressive strength and flexural strength, and coefficient permeability and void ratios were indicated as y=7.69x+71.74 and $y=0.42e^{0.28x}$. A method of making an air purification-functioning road, which was spraying a mixture of a photocatalyst, cement, and water onto the surface of the road, was suggested.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.91-98
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• 2000

Porous concrete having continuous voids is gaining more interest as an ecological material. It has several useful functions such as water and air permeability, sound absorption, etc. Its strengths are considerably lower than those of conventional concrete due to the large and continuous voids in it. This study has been carried out to investigate the influence of mix factors and mixture proportion of aggregate on the strengths and water permeability of porous concrete. And it has been carried out to investigate the evaluation of void of porous concrete by the ultra-sonic pulse velocity. The results f this study are as follows: 1) The theoretical void ratio has greater influence than any other factor on the strengths and water permeability of porous concrete. And it is a little affected by the replacement proportion of silica-fume and mixture proportion of aggregate. 2) Because the coefficients of correlation between the void ratio and ultra-sonic pulse velocity were relatively high, it will be possible that the void ratio is predicted by the ultra-sonic pulse velocity.

• 공업화학
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.223-228
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• 2006

직접 메탄올 연료전지에서 촉매 담지체로서 세공 크기별 균질한 다공성 탄소는 메조페이스 핏치와 졸-겔법으로 직접 합성한 구형 실리카를 이용하여 제조하였다. Tetrahydrofuran (THF)에 용해된 핏치와 메탄올에 분산된 구상의 실리카를 혼합하고 탄화한 후에 5 M NaOH로 실리카를 식각하여 다공성 탄소를 만들었다. 이 다공성탄소의 비표 면적은 사용된 구형 실리카의 입자 크기가 작을수록 증가하였으며, $14.7{\sim}87.7m^2/g$ 범위를 나타내었다. 평균 기공 직경 또한 사용된 실리카 입자크기에 따라 50~550 nm로 다양하게 나타났다. 다공성 탄소 담지체에 백금과 루테늄을 담지시키기 위해 액상환원법을 사용하였고, 60 wt% 백금-루테늄이 담지된 촉매의 전기 산화 활성 및 전극 성능 특성은 순환 전압 전류법과 단위전지 시험으로 평가하였다. 본 실험 범위 중 50 nm 실리카를 이용하여 제조한 백금-루테늄/다공성탄소의 경우(60 wt% Pt-Ru/porous carbon), 순환 전압 전류법 시험에서 0.4 V에서의 전류 밀도 값이 $123mA/cm^2$가 측정되었고, 단위전지 성능 시험에서는 최대 전력 밀도 값이 $60^{\circ}C$와 $80^{\circ}C$, 산소분위기에서 각각 105, $162mW/cm^2$를 나타내었다.

• 멤브레인
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.105-113
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• 2005

표면 개질한 다공성 금속 지지체에 초음파 분무 열분해법을 이용하여 silica막을 합성하고, 고온 기체 선택 투과 분리 특성을 조사하였다. Tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS)를 전구체로 하여 지지체 세공을 통한 감압 진공을 하면서 873K에서 표면에 defect 없이 균일한 양질의 silica막이 형성되었다. 투과 온도 523 K에서 silica막의 수th/질소 및 수증기/메탄을 분리 계수가 각각 17 및 16 정도의 우수한 선택 투과 성능을 나타냈다. 다공성 금속 지지체의 불균일한 기공에 silica 분체 및 $\gamma-alumina$층을 중간층으로 도입하고, 그 위에 열분해법에 의한 silica를 합성한 결과, Knudsen 확산에 의한 투과 영역의 세공이 완전히 제거되어 높은 수소 및 수증기 선택성을 가지는 복합 막이 형성되었다.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.107-112
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• 2017

Purpose: Both silica gel and activated carbon black particles were adopted for use as PCM absorbed porous media applicable as construction materials. To investigate usable methods for absorbing PCM into the media, they were soaked into PCM and also tested for enhancement of PCM absorption into them. Method: To test PCM absorption into some porous media such as both ${\varphi}1{\sim}2mm$ and $10{\mu}m$ silica gels, and $50{\mu}m$ activated carbon black, $43^{\circ}C$ PCM was used as a laten heat material. The method, soaking into PCM was applied to this study, and the media were moderately rotated by centrifuge to have the extra PCM flow out. DSC analysis was conducted to investigate the melting and solidifying of the PCM absorbed into the porous media. Result: It was found that PCM was absorbed into the porous media by over 85 wt% of all particles. In addition, it was noted that the ultrasonic vibrator was accelerating the PCM absorption into the particles to three times higher speed than simple soaking. Centrifuge was adopted to remove extra PCM sticking on the particle surfaces and extra PCM was moderately removed from the surfaces of the particles. DSC analysis indicated that the latent heat of the absorbed PCM particles was 160 J/g, and the melting temperature was approximately $40^{\circ}C{\sim}50^{\circ}C$.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제57권2호
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• pp.185-197
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• 2019

Deactivation of porous photocatalytic materials was studied using three types of microstructured particles: macroporous titania particles, titania microspheres, and porous silica microspheres containing CNTs and $TiO_2$ nanoparticles. All particles were synthesized by emulsion-assisted self-assembly using micron-sized droplets as micro-reactors. During repeated cycles of the photocatalytic decomposition reaction, the non-dimensionalized initial rate constants (a) were estimated as a function of UV irradiation time (t) from experimental kinetics data, and the results were plotted for a regression according to the exponentially decaying equation, $a=a_0\;{\exp}(-k_dt)$. The retardation constant ($k_d$) was then compared for macroporous titania microparticles with different pore diameters to examine the effect of pore size on photocatalytic deactivation. Nonporous or larger macropores resulted in smaller values of the deactivation constant, indicating that the adsorption of organic materials during the photocatalytic decomposition reaction hinders the generation of active radicals from the titania surface. A similar approach was adopted to evaluate the activation constant of porous silica particles containing CNT and $TiO_2$ nanoparticles to compare the deactivation during recycling of the photocatalyst. As the amount of CNTs increased, the deactivation constant decreased, indicating that the conductive CNTs enhanced the generation of active radicals in the aqueous medium during photocatalytic oxidation.

• Advances in nano research
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.423-439
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• 2023

The aim of this paper is to investigate the free vibration behavior of the micro sandwich beam composing of five layers such as functionally graded (FG) porous core, nanocomposite reinforced by carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and piezomagnetic/piezoelectric layers subjected to magneto electrical potential resting on silica aerogel foundation. The effect of foundation has been taken into account using Vlasov model in addition to rigid base assumption. For this purpose, an iterative technique is applied. The material properties of the FG porous core and FG nanocomposite layers are considered to vary throughout the thickness direction of the beams. Based on the Timoshenko beam theory and Hamilton's principle, the governing equations of motion for the micro sandwich beam are obtained. The Navier's type solution is utilized to obtain analytical solutions to simply supported micro sandwich beam. Results are verified with corresponding literatures. In the following, a study is carried out to find the effects of the porosity coefficient, porous distribution, volume fraction of CNT, the thickness of silica aerogel foundation, temperature and moisture, geometric parameters, electric and magnetic potentials on the vibration of the micro sandwich beam. The results are helpful for the design and applications of micro magneto electro mechanical systems.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제47권5호
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• pp.633-644
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• 2023

Taking a look at the previously published papers, it is revealed that there is a porosity index limitation (around 0.35) for the mechanical behavior analysis of the functionally graded porous (FGP) structures. Over mentioned magnitude of the porosity index, the elastic modulus falls below zero for some parts of the structure thickness. Therefore, the current paper is presented to analyze the vibrational behavior of the FGP Timoshenko beams (FGPTBs) using a novel refined formulation regardless of the porosity index magnitude. The silica aerogel foundation and various hydrothermal loadings are assumed as the source of external forces. To obtain the FGPTB's properties, the power law is hired, and employing Hamilton's principle in conjunction with Navier's solution method, the governing equations are extracted and solved. In the end, the impact of the various variables as different beam materials, elastic foundation parameters, and porosity index is captured and displayed. It is revealed that changing hygrothermal loading from non-linear toward uniform configuration results in non-dimensional frequency and stiffness pushing up. Also, Al - Al2O3 as the material composition of the beam and the porosity presence with the O pattern, provide more rigidity in comparison with using other materials and other types of porosity dispersion. The presented computational model in this paper hopes to help add more accuracy to the structures' analysis in high-tech industries.

• 멤브레인
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.122-128
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• 2009

세공경 $1.5{\mu}m$인 SPG (Shirasu porous glass) 막이 설치된 실험실 규모의 막유화 장치를 사용하여 구(球) 형상의 단분산 실리카 마이크로겔을 제조하기 위한 막유화 공정변수의 최적조건을 결정하였다. 막유화의 공정변수로는 분산상 내규산소다의 농도, 분산상 압력, 연속상에 대한 분산상의 비율, 연속상 내 유화제의 농도, 연속상의 교반속도로 설정하고, 이들 변수가 제조된 실리카 마이크로겔의 입자 크기와 분포에 미치는 영향을 검토하였다. 막유화의 공정변수들 중에서 연속상에 대한 분산상의 비율, 분산상 압력 및 분산상 내 규산소다의 농도가 증가할수록 겔 입자의 크기가 증가하였다. 반면 유화제의 농도와 연속상의 교반속도가 증가할수록 겔 입자의 크기가 감소하였다. 막유화의 공정변수 조절을 통해 최종적으로 평균 입자 크기가 $6{\mu}m$인 입도분포가 균일한 구 형상의 실리카 마이크로겔을 제조할 수 있었다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.2519-2525
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• 2014

물유리와 염산의 졸-겔반응에 계면활성제(PEG와 HPC)를 첨가하여 비표면적이 $800m^2/g$ 이상인 다공성 실리카를 제조하는 공정에 대해 연구하였다. 졸-겔 반응의 부산물인 NaCl은 물로서 세척하여 제거하였으며, 실리카 습윤겔 50 g에 대해 200 ml의 물을 사용하여 3회 이상 세척할 경우 실리카겔에 잔류하는 NaCl은 0.81wt% 이하로 감소하였다. 계면활성제는 실리카에 대해 5% 미만을 사용하는 것이 적정 조건으로 나타났다. 실험 결과, HPC(2.5%)+PEG(2.5%)의 계면활성제를 첨가하여 제조한 실리카의 비표면적은 $860m^2/g$, 입경은 $20-50{\mu}m$으로 나타났다. 본 연구결과, 실리카의 겔화공정이나 건조공정에서 단지 계면활성제를 주입하여 비표면적을 향상시키고 균일한 입경의 실리카를 얻을 수 있다는 것은 공업적으로 매우 큰 의미가 있다고 생각된다.