• Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.59-64
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• 2020

In this paper, we found the solution using data based machine learning regression method to check the pore shape, to solve the problem of the experiment quantity occurring when producing scaffold with the 3d printer. Through experiments, we learned secured each print condition and pore shape. We have produced the scaffold from scaffold pore shape defect prediction model using multiple linear regression method. We predicted scaffold pore shapes of unsecured print condition using the manufactured scaffold pore shape defect prediction model. We randomly selected 20 print conditions from various predicted print conditions. We print scaffold five times under same print condition. We measured the pore shape of scaffold. We compared printed average pore shape with predicted pore shape. We have confirmed the prediction model precision is 99 %.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.41-53
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• 2024

Titanium alloy is gaining attention in the medical industry due to its excellent biocompatibility and osteoconductivity. However, the natural oxide film on the titanium surface is insoluble, resulting in inadequate bone adhesion. Therefore, it is necessary to optimize the contact between biological tissues and implant surfaces, and alter the chemical composition and morphological characteristics of the implant surface. In this study, the anodization method was applied to titanium surface treatment to form a uniform and robust oxide film. Subsequently, a chemical process, pore-widening, was employed to change the morphological characteristics of the oxide film. The concentration of the pore-widening solution was varied at 2, 4, 6, and 8 wt% and the process time was set at 30 and 60 minutes. As the concentration of the pore-widening solution increased the pore diameter of the oxide film increased. Notably, at 6 wt% for 60 minutes, the oxide film exhibited a coexistence of pillars and pores. Based on this, it was determined that surface roughness increased with higher concentration and longer process time. Additionally, the presence of pillars and pores structures maximized hydrophilicity. This study provides insights into enhancing the surface properties of titanium for improved performance in medical implants.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 1998.10c
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• pp.185-190
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• 1998

Corrosion of steel reinforcement is the most significant factor of deterioration in reinforced concrete structures. Chloride ion is considered one of the most common culprits on the corrosion of steels in concrete. The main objective of this study is understanding behavior of chloride ion in hardened cement pastes at different stages of curing. Cement pastes with water-cement ratio of 0.5 are allowed to hydrate in sealed containers for 28, 70, 180 days. And than pore solution is expressed. It was found that the $Cl^-$ concentrations in pore solution is decreased with increasing curing time in all Nacl addition level, the $OH^-$ concentrations is increased to 70 days but decrease at 180 days in all Nacl addition level. The $Cl^-$/$OH^-$ in pore solution is increased with increasing curing time in all Nacl addition level, however $Cl^-$/$OH^-$ of maximum Nacl addition level(Nacl 0.54% by weight of cement) is under the onset of depassivation level 0.3.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.549-554
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• 2001

It is possible for concrete using sea sand to contain chloride ion as well as cation such as Na$^{+}$and $K^{+}$ during mixing process. It is known that some cations such as Na$^{+}$and $K^{+}$ remain in pore solution without binding In this study, therefore, we intend to inspect the behavior of cations in cement paste as well as NaCl, CaCl$_2$ and KCI through analysis of pore solution extracted from cement paste with high pressure vessel. As a result, increase of alkali ions by adding sea sand and admixtures to the fresh concrete means use of the cement contained high alkali contents. In this case, alkali ions in pore solution can decrease durability of cement products causing alkali-aggregate reaction or accelerated carbonation. So it needs to be studied.studied.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2018.05a
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• pp.202-203
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• 2018

Chemistry and microstructure of steel reinforcement bars play an important role to control the corrosion in concrete environments. In present study, we have chosen two different microstructure of steel rebars produced from companies and assessed their corrosion characteristics in simulated concrete pore (SCP) solution with prolonged exposure periods. Hot rolled steel rebar showed more corrosion resistance compare to thermo-mechanically treated (TMT) one. The growth of passive is greater in hot rolled (A) than TMT (B) due to orientation of microstructure. TMT steel rebar exhibit distorted microstructure with many micro cells which enhances the galvanic coupling and induce the deterioration while on the other hand hot rolled rebars exhibit fine grain boundary which responsible in growth of uniform, adherent and protective passive film resultant improved impedance was observed.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.104-112
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• 2012

Chemically stable Polyvinylidene fluoride-hexa-fluoropropane (PVDF-HFP) copolymer asymmetric membranes were prepared by the conventional phase inversion process, using Dimethyacetamide (DMAc) as a solvent and water as a non-solvent. To control the pore size and porosity of the PVDF-HFP membranes, tetra-ethoxysilane (TEOS) was used as a pore-forming agent. The prepared membranes were characterized, using several analytical methods such as Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Thermo-gravimetric analyzer (TGA), Field Emission Scanning Electronic Microscopy (FESEM). TEOS turned out to increase porosity and make homogeneous pores on the membranes. Depending on the composition of the dope solutions, the pore size was ranged from 0.1 to 1.0 ${\mu}m$. The flux of the PVDF-HFP membranes prepared by using TEOS as a pore forming agent was increased substantially without much decrease in the rejection. When 15 wt% PVDF-HFP solution was blended with 13 wt% TEOS solution at composition ratio of 70/30 in wt%, the water flux at 2 bars was about 2 $m^3/m^2day$.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.6 no.5
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• pp.503-515
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• 2014

On the basis of Hoek-Brown failure criterion, a numerical solution for the shape of collapsing block in the rectangular cavity subjected to seepage forces is obtained by upper bound theorem of limit analysis. The seepage forces obtained from the gradient of excess pore pressure distribution are taken as external loadings in the limit analysis, and the pore pressure is easily calculated with pore pressure coefficient. Thus the seepage force is incorporated into the upper bound analysis as a work rate of external force. The upper solution of the shape of collapsing block is derived by virtue of variational calculation. In order to verify the validity of the method proposed in the paper, the result when the pore pressure coefficient equals zero, and only hydrostatic pressure is taken into consideration, is compared with that of previous work. The results show good effectiveness in calculating the collapsing block shape subjected to seepage forces. The influence of parameters on the failure mechanisms is investigated.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.541-548
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• 1998

Aqueous phase adsorption of phenols by granular activated carbon was studied in a batch adsorption vessel. Adsorption Isotherms of phenol(Ph), p-chlorophenol(PCP) and p-nitrophenol (PNP) from aqueous solution on granular activated carbon have been obtained. The experimental data were analyzed by the surface and pore diffusion models. Both models could be applied to predict the adsorption phenomena. However, the pore diffusion model was slightly better than the surface diffusion model In representing the experimental data for the initial concentration changes. Therefore, the pore diffusion model was used to predict the change of operating variables such as the agitation speed and Particle size of adsorbent which have influence on the film resistance and intraparticle diffusion.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.59-64
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• 1998

In order to lower porosity of the porous silica, titanium alkoxide solution was filled in the pore of silica in the heating-vacuum condition. The specific surface area of modified samples was decreased effectively from 900 m$^2$/g to 100 m$^2$/g. (The aggregation phenomena in modified samples were improved fairly.) Samples were heated at 600 , and then the titanium alkoxide in the pore was decomposed completely to titanium oxide from TGA-DTA measurement. From SEM result, it was evident that titanium oxide did not coat the surface of the silica. The modified samples were analyzed using SEM, DTA-TGA, BET, and UV-visible spectrometer.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.123-126
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• 2007

A sensitive, simple and highly selective liquid chromatography method of determination for extraction of pseudoephedrine hydrochloride from Allegra D tablet was developed. The chief benefit of the present method is the minimal sample preparation, as the procedure is only filtering through pore syringe filter. Two drugs (pseudoephedrine hydrochloride, fexofenadine) were separated on a C$_{18}$ column and analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The method had a chromatographic run time of 8.0 min. 1 ml of pseudoephedrine hydrochloride solution (1 mg/ml) was filtered through 0.22 um pore syringe filter. 50 ul of filtering solution was injected to HPLC pump and we knew the retention time (1.85 min) of separating of pseudoephedrine hydrochloride using UV detector at 280 nm. We used C$_{18}$ column (4.6 mm${\times}$250 mm), mobile phase solution (<0.05 mol/L NaH$_2$PO$_4$, 2 ml/L H$_3$PO$_4$>/CH$_3$CN / sodium dodesyl sulfate = 60 ml / 40 ml / 1 g). We separated psedoephedrine hydrochloride at run time of 1.85 min from Allegra D tablet solution (1 mg/ml) filtered through 0.22 um pore syringe filter using UV detector at 280 nm. Flow rate was set at 1.0 ml/min and the column temperature was set at 40$^{\circ}C$. Psedoephedrine hydrochloride solution (1 mg/ml) separated from Allegra D tablet was filtered through 0.22 um pore syringe filter and injected 50 ul. We confirmed the peak of psedoephedrine hydrochloride at same retention time and the separating solution was freeze-dried. In conclusion, A simple isocratic reverse-phase HPLC method has been developed that provides excellent separation of pseudoephedrine from Allegra D tablet.