• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권8호
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• pp.1078-1087
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• 2018

Objective: The genetic diversity of the Landrace population, a representative maternal pig breed in Korea, is important for genetic improvement. Previously, the effective population size (Ne) has been used to infer the genetic diversity of a population of interest. In this study, we aimed to use single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data to characterize linkage disequilibrium (LD) and the Ne of the Korean Landrace population. Methods: We genotyped 1,128 Landrace individuals from three representative Korean major grand-grand-parent (GGP) farms using the Illumina PorcineSNP60 version2 BeadChip, which covers >61,565 SNPs located across all autosomes and mitochondrial and sex chromosomes. We estimated the expected LD and current Ne, as well as ancestral Ne. Results: In the Korean Landrace population, the mean LD ($r^2$) of 3.698 million SNP pairs was $0.135{\pm}0.204$. The mean $r^2$ decreased slowly with as the distance between SNPs increased, and remained constant beyond 3 Mb. According to the $r^2$ calculations, 8,085 of 3.698 million SNP pairs were in complete LD. The current Ne (${\pm}$standard deviation) of the Korean Landrace population is approximately 92.27 [79.46; 105.07] individuals. The ancestral Ne exhibited a slow and steady decline from 186.61 to 92.27 over the past 100 generations. Additionally, we observed more a rapid Ne decrease from the past 20 to 10 generations ago, compared with other intervals. Conclusion: We have presented an overview of LD and the current and ancestral Ne values in the Korean Landrace population. The mean LD and current Ne for the Korean Landrace population confirm the genetic diversity and reflect the history of this pig population in Korea.

• 한국인구학
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.30-41
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• 1986

It is worthwhile to compare the major social indicators between Korea the and Taiwan particularly focusing on population because two countries share close similarities in many aspects and gave access to the advanced level among the developing countries in recent years. Similarities or dissimilarities presented in this paper will be helpful to the researchers and the policy makers of the two countries by giving them insight on the situation. The similarities and dissimilarities between the two countries in the field of demography and social indicators are summarized as follows : 1. Similarity indicators can be found in fertility. One of them is Net Reproduction Rate and it was less than one in both countries in 1985. The past trend of fertility, in fact level and pattern of it, of the two countries from 1960 to 1985 has been very similar. 2. Level and pattern of mortality is quite different between two countries. Mortality level of Taiwan is lower than that of Korea. 3. The close similarity between two countries was shown in population structure and aging index. 4. On future population projection, the population structure and the level and pattern of fertility of the two countries are very similar. During fourty years, the period from the current population growth rate which is a little more than 1% to the zero growth rate, the annual population growth rate of the two countries is approximately 0.6% and that is similar to those of the current industrialized countries. According to the medium variant of the projection, Korean population will reach Zero Growth Rate between 2020 and 2025 whereas Taiwan between 2025 and 2020 5. Current level of contraceptive prevalence of both countries is very similar showing above 70% of the eligible women in 1985 and one of the valuable factors of achieving this high rate within short period must be the national program of the family planning. A close cooperation in the field of population policy formulation and its implementation is indispensable because Korea and Taiwan have similarity in many population indicators.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.99-108
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• 2017

대한민국 공식인구통계는 인구센서스와 장래인구추계통계와 주민등록인구통계, 세 가지가 있다. 이들 중에 장래인구추계통계는 5년마다 시행되는 인구센서스통계를 기반으로 만들어진다. 본 연구는 장래인구추계통계와 주민등록인구통계를 비교 분석하였다. 인구조사과정의 오류를 발견하기위하여 인구통계데이터들의 이상치와 특이값들을 조사하였다. 이를 기반으로 공식인구통계의 신뢰성을 검증하는데 목적을 두었다. 주민등록인구 통계에서는 0세에서 12세 사이가 나이가 증가함에 따라 인구가 줄어들어야 함에도 불구하고, 오히려 없던 인구가 생겨나서 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 장래인구추계에서는 18세에서 28세 사이가 나이가 증가함에 따라서 새로운 인구가 생겨나서 인구가 증가하는 현상을 보였다. 또한 주민등록인구에서는 2009년에서 2010년 사이에서, 장래인구추계에서는 2010년에서 2011년 사이에 전 연령대에서 나이가 증가함에 따라서 새로운 인구가 생겨나서 인구가 증가하는 기이한 현상을 보였다. 두 공식인구통계의 인구조사가 보다 정확한 검증을 통하여 수행되어질 필요가 있다. 고령화 사회에 있어서 노인 인구통계에 대한 정학한 조사에 보다 신뢰성을 높이는 것이 행정정책 수립에 보다 높은 효율성을 제공할 것이다.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.795-806
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• 2024

Objective: Karan Fries (KF), a high-producing composite cattle was developed through crossing indicine Tharparkar cows with taurine bulls (Holstein Friesian, Brown Swiss, and Jersey), to increase the milk yield across India. This composite cattle population must maintain sufficient genetic diversity for long-term development and breed improvement in the coming years. The level of linkage disequilibrium (LD) measures the influence of population genetic forces on the genomic structure and provides insights into the evolutionary history of populations, while the decay of LD is important in understanding the limits of genome-wide association studies for a population. Effective population size (N_e) which is genomically based on LD accumulated over the course of previous generations, is a valuable tool for e valuation of the genetic diversity and level of inbreeding. The present study was undertaken to understand KF population dynamics through the estimation of N_e and LD for the long-term sustainability of these breeds. Methods: The present study included 96 KF samples genotyped using Illumina HDBovine array to estimate the effective population and examine the LD pattern. The genotype data were also obtained for other crossbreds (Santa Gertrudis, Brangus, and Beefmaster) and Holstein Friesian cattle for comparison purposes. Results: The average LD between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) was r² = 0.13 in the present study. LD decay (r² = 0.2) was observed at 40 kb inter-marker distance, indicating a panel with 62,765 SNPs was sufficient for genomic breeding value estimation in KF cattle. The pedigree-based N_e of KF was determined to be 78, while the N_e estimates obtained using LD-based methods were 52 (SNeP) and 219 (genetic optimization for N_e estimation), respectively. Conclusion: KF cattle have an N_e exceeding the FAO's minimum recommended level of 50, which was desirable. The study also revealed significant population dynamics of KF cattle and increased our understanding of devising suitable breeding strategies for long-term sustainable development.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.99-104
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• 2013

Assessment of noise exposed population is to check the environmental noise level and social influence in order to reduce the risks such as annoyance and disturbance that are generated by environmental noise. Also, this method suggests the preferential noise abatement policy and action plan by accurately finding the area that the noise causes harmful effect to human health. Recently, a noise map, which can predict noise in comprehensive areas, is used for the assessment of noise exposed population, breaking from the methods using existing measures. In particular, countermeasure for the noise can be considered more effectively by using assessment methods of noise exposed population for specific noise levels, areas, and building types which are the main input factors in noise maps. In this study, assessment methods of noise exposed population by using 2 dimensional noise map are compared with those by 3 dimensional noise map.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.116-124
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• 2017

The study makes an attempt to investigate the causal nexus between carbon dioxide emissions, GDP per capita, industrialization and population with an evidence from Rwanda by employing a time series data spanning from 1965 to 2011 using the autoregressive distributed lag model. Evidence from the study shows that carbon dioxide emissions, GDP per capita, industrialization and population are co-integrated and have a long-run equilibrium relationship. Evidence from the Granger-causality shows a unidirectional causality running from industrialization to GDP per capita, population to carbon dioxide emissions, population to GDP per capita and population to industrialization. Evidence from the long-run elasticities has policy implications for Rwanda; a 1% increase in GDP per capita will decrease carbon dioxide emissions by 1.45%, while a 1% increase in industrialization will increase carbon dioxide emissions by 1.64% in the long-run. Increasing economic growth in Rwanda will therefore reduce environmental pollution in the long-run which appears to support the validity of the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis. However, industrialization leads to more emissions of carbon dioxide, which reduces environment, health and air quality. It is noteworthy that the Rwandan Government promotes sustainable industrialization, which improves the use of clean and environmentally sound raw materials, industrial process and technologies.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.98-105
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• 2020

Background: The purpose of this study, mosquito forecast system implemented by Seoul Metropolitan city, was to obtain the mosquito prediction formula by using the mosquito population data and the environmental data of the past. Results: For this study, the mosquito population data from April 1, 2015, to October 31, 2017, were collected. The mosquito population data were collected from the 50 smart mosquito traps (DMSs), two of which were installed in each district (Korean, gu) in Seoul Metropolitan city since 2015. Environmental factors were collected from the Automatic Weather System (AWS) by the Korea Meteorological Administration. The data of the nearest AWS devices from each DMS were used for the prediction formula analysis. We found out that the environmental factors affecting the mosquito population in Seoul Metropolitan city were the mean temperature and rainfall. We predicted the following equations by the generalized linear model analysis: ln(Mosquito population) = 2.519 + 0.08 × mean temperature + 0.001 × rainfall. Conclusions: We expect that the mosquito forecast system would be used for predicting the mosquito population and to prevent the spread of disease through mosquitoes.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.123-130
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• 2014

The decrease in the birth rate of the modern changes in population structure changed recovery households and household members. This change was seen in the furniture sector, 2010 population housing total survey data according to the types of households and household members indicate that future changes. Problems can predict the various issues raised, and to ensure that the supply of housing of the population structure and household type is not done properly and home sales take a look at home since 2000, was popular during the 2010 State. Therefore, this study is suggesting workarounds necessary adjustments due to changes in population structure, analyze news coverage of members of households with housing demand and housing as a base quantity change in the future of furniture and home situation changes, including housing demand and supply to purpose. Specify the range of Daegu-City research studies range, national statistical data and related literature, comparative analysis of time trends and derive a conclusion.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.27-38
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• 2013

This study was conducted to analyze the correlation between vegetation, environmental factors, and soil characteristic of an endangered species, Eleutherococcus senticosus. Eighteen quadrats in population zones of Seoraksan, Odaesan, Chiaksna, Duckhangsan, Sobaeksan, Juwangsan, and, Jirisan were set up and ordination was analyzed. In the study sites, soil pH, available phosphorous, organic matter and nitrogen were ranged from 5.06~5.43, 24.63~57.77mg/kg, 14.01~18.37%, and 0.63~0.75%, respectively. Eleutherococcus senticosus is classified into Morus bombycis dominant population, Cornus controversa dominant population, and Eleutherococcus senticosus typical population. The importance value of Acer pictum subsp. mono, Morus bombycis, Magnolia sieboldii, Cornus controversa, Tilia taquetii, and Ulmus laciniata in Eleutherococcus senticosus population were 23.76%, 23.61%, 18.06%, 17.82, 15.31%, and 13.57%, respectively. The correlation between vegetation and environmental factors of Eleutherococcus senticosus vegetation distribution were shown to be affected by altitude, slope, and direction.

• 경영과학
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.17-26
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• 2014

This study presents a new real estate value analysis model considering the changes in the population structure. We propose a new model that takes advantage of the binomial option model one of the techniques of real options and considers the changes in the population structure. The real estate market price data of Seoul city from year 2001 to 2012 were extracted and the correlation analysis between real estate prices and changes in the population structure was performed. The result shows that they have positive correlation with one year time lag. The coefficient between the real estate prices and demographic changes was estimated using the OLS analysis and included in the traditional binomial option model to calculate the value of the property. It is assumed for the future price prediction that real estate invested in Seoul in January, 2013 will be sold within five years. Analysis result shows that the values of real estate in September of 2013 were predicted as 583.5 million won in the new model and as 582.4 million won in the traditional model. This reflects that the new model considering the change of population change gives better realistic performance than the traditional one.