• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.8
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• pp.21-27
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• 2020

This paper studies the impact of domestic and foreign economic activity on mobility among regions. The shortage of human resources and demand continues in Eastern Europeans. Especially Ukrainians, have entered the Polish labor market to make up for the scarce areas. As a result, Poland's supply and demand in Ukraine is disproportionate. Minimum wage increases are putting continued pressure on employers. Therefore, the regression equation in the form of job-seeker's economic activity ratio, y= AX²+B,(x=settlers) can be used to grasp the relationship between curves. According to the domestic and foreign workers who migrated, economic activities was rather than increasing the local population, the settlers of nearby large cities is more proportional. Empirical analysis has shown that the human resource hub has increased migration to large cities and industrial. The hub 'A'nation has been created for mobility in 4th wave re-industry, and the same re-industrialization (N₂) in other cities has attracted nearby human resources, but not settle. After all, the hub relationship between N₁ and N₂ is a mobile relationship. Due to wage inequality or a positive wellbeing chasm, workers are not settled plant area but a nearby city, or commuting between borders is easy to go into the hub central city. However, this proved on emerging from the relatively temporary settlers in the AI era.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.429-436
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• 2013

Churyeong Stream flows 37km from the mouth of Lake Okjeong and is impeded by many weirs that hamper the active movement of land-locked sweet smelt fish (Plecoglossus altivelis) that ascend and descend between the lake and the upper stream. In late December 2006, a fishway was constructed in a weir of the lower reach of Churyeong Stream, where juveniles begin their ascent to mature upstream. At 13 sites along the stream from April to October 2007, we investigated the effects of the newly constructed fishway on sweet smelt growth. After construction of the fishway, juvenile sweet smelt were able to migrate freely upstream, something that had previously only been possible when the weir was in flood. The body size of mature sweet smelt collected during the spawning season in September 2007 was greatly increased compared to previous seasons, measuring an average of $163{\pm}21.5mm$ in standard length. These measurements were 13mm, 20mm, and 57mm longer than body length averages for mature sweet smelt collected in 2006, 2004, and 2005, respectively. Therefore, it is likely to be necessary for the construction of fishways on streams and rivers containing land-locked sweet smelt populations to increase average body sizes and viability.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.35-54
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• 2001

The construction of Daedeok Science Town, located in Yuseong ward of Daejeon metropolitan city, began in the early 1970s. It started out as a national project to form an agglomeration of the major central government research institutions. Since that time Daedeok Science Town has also attracted private research institutions, mainly during the 1900s. This study geographically analyzes this research institutions to clarify the regional identity of Daedeok Science Town through an integrated approach of existing new regional geography approach, which is characteristics of labour market as the regional pattern of its laborers' residences, spatial labour division, its research network with other institutions, and networks of university, research institution, and corporations, through the spatial spread of intellectual right of property and through network of technology business incubator relationship with spin offs which is appeared to spatial interaction. The results of the study are as follows: First of all, Daedeok Science Town was not only self-sustenance with marketing garden of agricultural regions in the suburb of Daejeon city but also was consign of agricultural products to Daejeon city before 1972. Since that time, the identity of Daedeok Science town has been formed by externally factors of the science development, by the local decentralization of population and public offices in Seoul metropolitan area in terms of the world economy system, and by the internally accessibility maximization of the central location in Korea between 1992 and 1999. On the part of Daedeok Science Town it has some merits of in-migration from nation-wide, and of mother city's Daejeon. Lastly at the period of the venture business beginning after 1999, the role of institution, developing the existing high technology, made great contribution to an attraction of ventures business to here in need of high technology industry growth, including knowledge-based industry in the informated society. On these bases, Daedeok Science Town seems to grow spontaneously as a science park.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.139-149
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• 2011

Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is an inflammatory disease in the murine central nervous system (CNS) and has long been used as an animal model for human multiple sclerosis. Development of EAE requires coordinated expression of a number of genes that are involved in the activation and effector functions of inflammatory cells. Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is a member of the betagalactoside- binding lectin family and plays an important role in inflammatory responses through its functions on cell activation, cell migration or inhibition of apoptosis. We investigated the functional role of Gal-3 in EAE mice following immunization with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein $(MOG)_{35-55}$ peptide. During the peak stage of EAE, the localization of Gal-3 in inflammatory cells markedly increased in subarachnoid membranes and perivascular regions of CNS. In contrast, Gal-3 was weakly detected in cerebrum and spinal of the recovery stage of EAE. Consistent with this finding, western blot analysis revealed that Gal-3 expression was significantly increased at the peak stage while it was slightly decreased at the recovery stage in the CNS. In addition, the population of $CD11b^{+}$ macrophage expressing Gal- 3 in spleen of EAE mice was markedly increased compared with control mice. In fact, most of activated macrophages isolated from spleen of EAE mice expressed Gal-3. Taken together, our results demonstrate that the over-expression of Gal-3 in activated macrophages may play a key role in promoting inflammatory cells in the CNS during EAE.

• Korean Journal of Ornithology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.117-125
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• 2018

The Grey-capped greenfinch (Chloris sinica) is a polytypic species that exhibits complicated geographical variation in morphology. This study provides an intraspecific phylogeographic variability of C. sinica populations in Korea with their morphometric data. The observed morphometric variations were that Ulleung island population was morphologically distinct in bill length and depths as compared to the mainland populations. Phylogenetic relationships among mitochondrial COX1 regions provided evidence for genetic differentiation between Ulleung and mainland populations. However, their genetic distances and nucleotide diversities were very low, highlighting their recent divergence. The needs for additional research is heightened to substantiate if the genetic clines in different localities may arise in C. sinica subspecies, each of which could have different breeding and wintering habitats, distribution patterns, and migration pathways.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.160-169
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• 2019

The migration status of waterbirds inhabiting the 10 coastal wetlands in the south and west coasts (Jangbongdo, Muuido, Daecheoncheon estuary, Seocheon tidal flat, Yubudo, Gomso bay, Hauido, Jeungdo, Doam bay, Gangjin bay) was examined from May 2008 to March 2013. For the most dominant taxonomical group, shorebirds accounted for 37.5% of the number of species and 67.1% of the total population, followed in the order of dabbling ducks, herons, and seagulls. The dominate species were Calidris alpina, Larus crassirostris, Limosa lapponica, Charadrius alexandrinus, and Calidris tenuirostris. Shorebirds were observed most at Seocheon Tidal Flats and Yubudo Island, and dabbling ducks were found most in Doam Bay. Diving ducks were observed most at Gangjin Bay and seagulls were seen most frequently at Seocheon Tidal Flats. The ten coastal wetlands of the western and southern coasts were divided into three groups according to the similarity index of waterbirds (Ro). Group 1 was the area where dabbling ducks and diving ducks were dominant, group 2 was the area where shorebirds were dominant, and group 3 was the area where seagulls were dominant. It was evident that there were differences in species composition depending on the regional environments.

• Journal of Practical Engineering Education
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.205-217
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• 2022

For high school students in Jeonbuk, this study aims to identify the problems caused by outflow of local youth population and their preference factors to enter university in Seoul-metropolitan area, and to draw out the direction of local human resources program, through questionnaire investigation and focused group interview. The main findings are as follows: First, 68.8% of high school students, especially the top grade students prefer to enter university in metropolitan area. The metropolitan cultural characteristics, such as reputation of universities and ranking, openness and anonymity, and urban infrastructure attract students. Second, there is a close relationship between the individual background, growth area - enrollment area - employment area, and the location dependency without return migration is very strong. Third, local human resources program was evaluated as a meaningful activity for high school students, in order to understand the further education and career, and have an interest in local universities. Therefore, it is necessary to discover industries consistent with local identity, create networks, develop and implement programs considering the actual educational conditions. The gender-free program, supplement program for the integrated curriculum, and contents that to supplement science subjects should be developed. Additionally, this issue could be resolved expanding the perspective of balanced national development and improve the local environment to enhance the urban attraction points.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.122-138
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• 2023

Today, fishing villages are on the verge of extinction due to severe aging within the population and outward migration. Recent projects and studies targeting fishing villages viewed the fishing villages from an outsider-centered perspective, without a local-centered understanding of the village as a daily living space. Therefore, to understand the settlement environment of fishing villages, this study analyzed empirical data on the usage behavior of fishing village residents to gain insight into the characteristics of the outdoor space uses of residents in fishing villages. In this regard, a face-to-face survey was conducted among residents, and a village map drawn by the villagers showedthe spatial perception of the villagers. Empirical data on the behavior of fishing villagers using the village space was collected and analyzed through GPS. The study results suggested that residents of fishing villages tend to focus on productive activities, such as fishing, leading to a lack of awareness of other leisure activities and spaces. This monotonous pattern of space utilization within the village appears to stem from an absolute lack of available facilities within the target area. Therefore, in future village regeneration projects aimed at improving the quality of life for residents in fishing villages, it is essential to consider the residents' perception and utilization of space as a priority. The results of this study can be considered valuable foundational data for understanding the utilization of spaces within fishing villages and can be effectively utilized in planning initiatives to enhance quality of life.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.69-76
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• 2013

The incidence of globally infectious and pathogenic diseases such as H1N1 (swine flu) and Avian Influenza (AI) has recently increased. An infectious disease is a pathogen-caused disease, which can be passed from the infected person to the susceptible host. Pathogens of infectious diseases, which are bacillus, spirochaeta, rickettsia, virus, fungus, and parasite, etc., cause various symptoms such as respiratory disease, gastrointestinal disease, liver disease, and acute febrile illness. They can be spread through various means such as food, water, insect, breathing and contact with other persons. Recently, most countries around the world use a mathematical model to predict and prepare for the spread of infectious diseases. In a modern society, however, infectious diseases are spread in a fast and complicated manner because of rapid development of transportation (both ground and underground). Therefore, we do not have enough time to predict the fast spreading and complicated infectious diseases. Therefore, new system, which can prevent the spread of infectious diseases by predicting its pathway, needs to be developed. In this study, to solve this kind of problem, an integrated monitoring system, which can track and predict the pathway of infectious diseases for its realtime monitoring and control, is developed. This system is implemented based on the conventional mathematical model called by 'Susceptible-Infectious-Recovered (SIR) Model.' The proposed model has characteristics that both inter- and intra-city modes of transportation to express interpersonal contact (i.e., migration flow) are considered. They include the means of transportation such as bus, train, car and airplane. Also, modified real data according to the geographical characteristics of Korea are employed to reflect realistic circumstances of possible disease spreading in Korea. We can predict where and when vaccination needs to be performed by parameters control in this model. The simulation includes several assumptions and scenarios. Using the data of Statistics Korea, five major cities, which are assumed to have the most population migration have been chosen; Seoul, Incheon (Incheon International Airport), Gangneung, Pyeongchang and Wonju. It was assumed that the cities were connected in one network, and infectious disease was spread through denoted transportation methods only. In terms of traffic volume, daily traffic volume was obtained from Korean Statistical Information Service (KOSIS). In addition, the population of each city was acquired from Statistics Korea. Moreover, data on H1N1 (swine flu) were provided by Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and air transport statistics were obtained from Aeronautical Information Portal System. As mentioned above, daily traffic volume, population statistics, H1N1 (swine flu) and air transport statistics data have been adjusted in consideration of the current conditions in Korea and several realistic assumptions and scenarios. Three scenarios (occurrence of H1N1 in Incheon International Airport, not-vaccinated in all cities and vaccinated in Seoul and Pyeongchang respectively) were simulated, and the number of days taken for the number of the infected to reach its peak and proportion of Infectious (I) were compared. According to the simulation, the number of days was the fastest in Seoul with 37 days and the slowest in Pyeongchang with 43 days when vaccination was not considered. In terms of the proportion of I, Seoul was the highest while Pyeongchang was the lowest. When they were vaccinated in Seoul, the number of days taken for the number of the infected to reach at its peak was the fastest in Seoul with 37 days and the slowest in Pyeongchang with 43 days. In terms of the proportion of I, Gangneung was the highest while Pyeongchang was the lowest. When they were vaccinated in Pyeongchang, the number of days was the fastest in Seoul with 37 days and the slowest in Pyeongchang with 43 days. In terms of the proportion of I, Gangneung was the highest while Pyeongchang was the lowest. Based on the results above, it has been confirmed that H1N1, upon the first occurrence, is proportionally spread by the traffic volume in each city. Because the infection pathway is different by the traffic volume in each city, therefore, it is possible to come up with a preventive measurement against infectious disease by tracking and predicting its pathway through the analysis of traffic volume.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.25 no.12
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• pp.1354-1361
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• 2015

This study was aimed to investigate the distribution status and phylogenetic relationship of Myotis aurascens in Jeju Ialnd, which has not clearly confirmed until now. We found three groups of M. aurascens from three different cave enforcements (CEs). The bat population of Jeju Island had smaller levels of HBL and Hfcu, but greater levels of TL, EL, FAL, and Tra than those of the Korean Peninsula population. Jeju bats had wide range in the lengths of FAL and Hfcu comparing to those of European bats. From the bimonthly monitoring to each finding site, we have actually failed to observe those again, estimating that they use those CEs as the daily-roosting place in activating seasons. The sequences of CYTB and COI genes showed identical sequences among Jeju bats tested, indicating that they are maternally related. The results from molecular phylogeny showed that the sequences of these bats located on the same branch with those for M. aurascens in the phylogenetic trees. Besides, the nucleotide sequences of the Jeju bats showed the closest relation with that of Korean Peninsula. Consequently, these findings indicate that the bats of M. aurascens, verified the natural distribution in Jeju Island, have originated from a single maternal origin and differences in morphological and genetic backgrounds form those of Korean Peninsula and the other countries, and had probably immigrated via Korean Peninsula. These findings will contribute as basic information for understanding the migration history and biogeographic relationship of mammals on Jeju Island in East Asia.