• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.55 no.5
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• pp.465-472
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• 2017

Recent trends of malaria in Thailand illustrate an increasing proportion of Plasmodium vivax, indicating the importance of P. vivax as a major causative agent of malaria. P. vivax malaria is usually considered a benign disease so the knowledge of this parasite has been limited, especially the genetic diversity and genetic structure of isolates from different endemic areas. The aim of this study was to examine the population genetics and structure of P. vivax isolates from 4 provinces with different malaria endemic settings in Thailand using 6 microsatellite markers. Total 234 blood samples from P. vivax mono-infected patients were collected. Strong genetic diversity was observed across all study sites; the expected heterozygosity values ranged from 0.5871 to 0.9033. Genetic variability in this study divided P. vivax population into 3 clusters; first was P. vivax isolates from Mae Hong Son and Kanchanaburi Provinces located on the western part of Thailand; second, Yala isolates from the south; and third, Chanthaburi isolates from the east. P. vivax isolates from patients having parasite clearance time (PCT) longer than 24 hr after the first dose of chloroquine treatment had higher diversity when compared with those having PCT within 24 hr. This study revealed a clear evidence of different population structure of P. vivax from different malaria endemic areas of Thailand. The findings provide beneficial information to malaria control programme as it is a useful tool to track the source of infections and current malaria control efforts.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.453-457
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• 2005

The genetic variations in three major river populations viz. the Halda, the Jamuna and the Padma of the Indian major carp, Catla catla were analyzed by Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Four decamer primers were used for amplifying DNA of 10 individuals from each population. The proportion of polymorphic loci and the gene diversity estimates were 59.4 and 0.20 for the Halda, 37.5 and 0.14 for the Jamuna and 46.9 and 0.16 for the Padma populations respectively indicating the existence of a relatively high level of genetic variation in the Halda river population. The inter-population similarity indices, gene flow and genetic distance values indicated that the Jamuna-Padma population pair of catla was genetically closer than the Halda-Jamuna and the Halda-Padma population pairs in compliance with the geographical distances among them. The coefficient of gene differentiation ($G_{ST}$=0.13) reflects some degree of genetic differentiation among three populations of catla studied. The data suggest that the RAPD technique could be used to discriminate different river populations of catla.

• KOGO NEWS
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.12-17
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• 2003

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.622-626
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• 2006

Molecular characterization of Hallikar, the native cattle breed of Karnataka, was undertaken using 19 cattle specific, highly polymorphic microsatellite markers recommended by FAO. The genomic DNA was subjected to PCR amplification and alleles were resolved through six per cent denaturing PAGE with a 10 bp DNA ladder followed by silver staining. Genotyping of animals was done based on allele size. The number of alleles ranged from three to nine with allele sizes ranging from 102 bp to 294 bp. These alleles were distributed in the frequency range between 0.0306 and 0.8673 in the population. The mean observed number of alleles was $6.368{\pm}1.4225$. The mean observed and expected heterozygosities were $0.7515{\pm}0.1734$ and $0.7850{\pm}0.1381$, respectively. The high heterozygosity observed implies presence of higher genetic variability within Hallikar breed. The PIC (Polymorphism Information Content) values ranged from 0.2322 (ETH152) to 0.8654 (ETH225). The percentage of polymorphic loci obtained was 100 as all the 19 microsatellite markers were found to be polymorphic. Except for ETH152, all the other loci had high PIC values, indicating that these markers are highly informative for characterization of Hallikar breed. The population was tested for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium at 19 microsatellite loci, and at 74 per cent of the loci the population was found to be in disequilibrium.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Toxicology Conference
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.32-33
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• 2006

There is compelling evidence that chronic inflammation predisposes to biliary tract cancer. Previously we found that aspirin use and variants in the PTGS2 gene, both of which are closely linked to inflammation, were associated with biliary tract cancer risk in a population-based study in China. To test the inflammation hypothesis further, we examined the associations of variants in 20 genes involved in the inflammation pathway with risk of biliary tract cancer and stones in a large population-based case-control study in Shanghai, China. We genotyped 56 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)from 20 inflammation genes in 411 biliary tract cancer cases (237 gallbladder cancers, 127 extrahepatic bile duct cancers, and 47 ampullary cancers), 895 subjects with biliary stones, and 786 population controls. Unconditional logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (Cls) for the association of individual SNPs and haplotypes with biliary stones and biliary tract cancer risk. Of the 56 SNPs examined, 20 showed some associations with biliary cancer and stones. Specifically, variants of the IL8, IL8RB, RNASEL, TGF-beta, and TNF-alpha genes were associated with gallstone risk, while variants in the IL1A, IL10, VEGF, and RNASEL genes were associated with gallbladder cancer risk. Adjustment for multiple comparisons did not materially change these results. Of the 10 genes with multiple SNPs, we inferred halotypes; only one haplotype in the IL8RBgene was associated with gallstones. The haplotype frequency was significantly different between bile dict cancer cases and control (p=0.007). A haplotype comprising 3 SNPs in the IL8RB gene (rs2230054, rs1126579, rs1126580) was associated with a 54% increased risk of bile duct stones (95% CI 1.14-2.07, p=0.02), relative to the most frequent haplotype. In summary, common variants in immune-related genes influencing inflammatory responeses were associated with gallstones and biliary tract cancer, lending further support to the role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of biliary stones and biliary tract cancer. Future larger studies with more complete gene coverage are needed to confirm these results.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.30 no.3_4
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• pp.677-683
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• 2012

W.Choi([1]) obtains a complete description of ergodic property and several property by making use of the semigroup method. In this note, we shall consider separately the martingale problems for two operators A and B as a detail decomposition of operator L. A key point is that the (K, L, $p$)-martingale problem in population genetics model is related to diffusion processes, so we begin with some a priori estimates and we shall show existence of contraction semigroup {$T_t$} associated with decomposition operator A.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.169-174
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• 2010

Cutlassfish (Trichiurus lepturus Linnaeus 1758) is a commercially important fish in Korea. In recent years, the catch of cutlassfish in the coastal waters of Korea has significantly declined. Its genetic characterization has been little studied. To assist conservation and management efforts, we isolated and characterized 10 microsatellite loci using an enrichment method based on magnetic/biotin capture of microsatellite sequences from a size-selected genomic library. To characterize each locus, 30 individuals from a natural T. lepturus population in the coastal waters of Jeju Island, Korea, were genotyped. All loci except two, KTh9B and KTh22A, were polymorphic, with an average of 14.3 alleles per locus (range, 10 22). The mean observed and expected heterozygosities were 0.80 (range, 0.50 0.97) a 0.82 (range, 0.68 0.95), respectively. A significant deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was observed at three loci (KTh6B, KTh10, and KTh16). This high variability indicates that these microsatellites may be useful for high-resolution studies of population genetics.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.73-77
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• 2012

Purpose: Fragile X carrier detection before or at early pregnancy through a wide screening program may not only confer a risk of having offspring with Fragile X syndrome (FXS), but may also confer a risk for Fragile X-associated primary ovarian insufficiency and Fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome. However, prior to the implementation of such a program, the carrier prevalence in a population and the availability of effective screening test should be evaluated. The aim of our study was to determine the prevalence of premutation carriers and to evaluate the feasibility of screening test. Materials and Methods: The blood samples were obtained from 8,641 pregnant women with no family history of mental retardation. We performed a three-primer CGG repeat primed (RP) PCR using the AmplideX$^{TM}$ FMR1 PCR kit (Asuragen, Inc. Austin, TX, USA). Samples showing full mutation alleles were reflexed to Southern blot analysis for methylation status and sizing. Results: Among the 8,641 women, we found 8 premutation carriers (1:1,090, 0.09%) and 46 women with an intermediate allele (1:190, 0.53%). No woman was found to carry the fully mutated allele. All the detected alleles were within the CGG repeat range of 8-117. Among the 8,641 samples, 29 and 30 CGG repeats represent 66.6% of all cases. The CGG RP PCR method provides robust detection of expanded alleles and resolves allele zygosity, thus minimizing the number of samples that require Southern blot analysis. Conclusion: This is the first study that has focused on the prevalence of FXS premutation carriers and FMR1 allele distribution in normal pregnant women. These data have important implications for population-based fragile X carrier screening in Korea.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.470-475
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• 2013

The objective of this study was to estimate genetic parameters that are to be used for across-herd genetic evaluations of seed stock pigs at GGP level. Performance data with pedigree information collected from swine breeder farms in Korea were provided by Korea Animal Improvement Association (AIAK). Performance data were composed of final body weights at test days and ultrasound measures of back fat thickness (BF), rib eye area (EMA) and retail cut percentage (RCP). Breeds of swine tested were Landrace, Yorkshire and Duroc. Days to 90 kg body weight (DAYS90) were estimated with linear function of age and ADG calculated from body weights at test days. Ultrasound measures were taken with A-mode ultrasound scanners by trained technicians. Number of performance records after censoring outliers and keeping records pigs only born from year 2000 were of 78,068 Duroc pigs, 101,821 Landrace pigs and 281,421 Yorkshire pigs. Models included contemporary groups defined by the same herd and the same seasons of births of the same year, which was regarded as fixed along with the effect of sex for all traits and body weight at test day as a linear covariate for ultrasound measures. REML estimation was processed with REMLF90 program. Heritability estimates were 0.40, 0.32, 0.21 0.39 for DAYS90, ADG, BF, EMA, RCP, respectively for Duroc population. Respective heritability estimates for Landrace population were 0.43, 0.41, 0.22, and 0.43 and for Yorkshire population were 0.36, 0.38, 0.22, and 0.42. Genetic correlation coefficients of DAYS90 with BF, EMA, or RCP were estimated to be 0.00 to 0.09, -0.15 to -0.25, 0.22 to 0.28, respectively for three breeds populations. Genetic correlation coefficients estimated between BF and EMA was -0.33 to -0.39. Genetic correlation coefficient estimated between BF and RCP was high and negative (-0.78 to -0.85) but the environmental correlation coefficients between these two traits was medium and negative (near -0.35), which describes a highly correlated genetic response to selection on one or the other of these traits. Genetic Trends of all three breeds tend to be towards bigger EMA or greater RCP and shorter DAYS90 especially from generations born after year 2000.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.27.1-27.12
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• 2020

The prevalence of early-onset type 2 diabetes (EOT2D) is increasing in Asian countries. Genome-wide association studies performed in European and various other populations have identified associations of numerous variants with type 2 diabetes in adults. However, the genetic component of EOT2D which is still unexplored could have similarities with late-onset type 2 diabetes. Here in the present study we aim to identify the association of variants with EOT2D in South Indian population. Twenty-five variants from 18 gene loci were genotyped in 1,188 EOT2D and 1,183 normal glucose tolerant subjects using the MassARRAY technology. We confirm the association of the HHEX variant rs1111875 with EOT2D in this South Indian population and also the association of CDKN2A/2B (rs7020996) and TCF7L2 (rs4506565) with EOT2D. Logistic regression analyses of the TCF7L2 variant rs4506565(A/T), showed that the heterozygous and homozygous carriers for allele 'T' have odds ratios of 1.47 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.17 to 1.83; p = 0.001) and 1.65 (95% CI, 1.18 to 2.28; p = 0.006) respectively, relative to AA homozygote. For the HHEX variant rs1111875 (T/C), heterozygous and homozygous carriers for allele 'C' have odds ratios of 1.13 (95% CI, 0.91 to 1.42; p = 0.27) and 1.58 (95% CI, 1.17 to 2.12; p = 0.003) respectively, relative to the TT homozygote. For CDKN2A/2B variant rs7020996, the heterozygous and homozygous carriers of allele 'C' were protective with odds ratios of 0.65 (95% CI, 0.51 to 0.83; p = 0.0004) and 0.62 (95% CI, 0.27 to 1.39; p = 0.24) respectively, relative to TT homozygote. This is the first study to report on the association of HHEX variant rs1111875 with EOT2D in this population.