• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.362-369
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• 2013

Agastache rugosa, a member of the mint family (Labiatae), is a perennial herb widely distributed in East Asian countries. It is used in traditional medicine for the treatment of cholera, vomiting, and miasma. This study assessed the genetic diversity and population structures on 65 accessions of Korean mint A. rugosa germplasm based on inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. The selected nine ISSR primers produced reproducible polymorphic banding patterns. In total, 126 bands were scored; 119 (94.4%) were polymorphic. The number of bands generated per primer varied from 7 to 18. A minimum of seven bands was generated by primer 874, while a maximum of 18 bands was generated by the primer 844. Six primers (815, 826, 835, 844, 868, and 874) generated 100% polymorphic bands. This was supported by other parameters such as total gene diversity ($H_T$) values, which ranged from 0.112 to 0.330 with a mean of 0.218. The effective number of alleles ($N_E$) ranged from 1.174 to 1.486 with a mean value of 1.351. Nei's genetic diversity (H) mean value was 0.218, and Shannon's information index (I) mean value was 0.343. The high values for total gene diversity, effective number of alleles, Nei's genetic diversity, and Shannon's information index indicated substantial variations within the population. Cluster analysis showed characteristic grouping, which is not in accordance with their geographical affiliation. The implications of the results of this study in developing a strategy for the conservation and breeding of A. rugosa and other medicinal plant germplasm are discussed.

• 식물분류학회지
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.48-54
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• 2009

우리나라 특산식물이며 희귀식물인 만리화(물푸레나무과) 집단의 유전적 다양성을 조사하기 위하여 5 집단 84개체에 대한 ISSR (Inter-Simple Sequence Repeats) 표지자 분석을 실시하였다. 14개의 ISSR 프라이머에서 총 93개의 증폭산물을 관찰할 수 있었으며, 유전적 다양성을 나타내는 P (Percentage of polymorphic loci)값과 S.I. (Shannon's information Index)가 다른 관목류에 비해 비교적 낮게 나타났다. 집단별 유전적 다양성은 석병산집단 (P = 64.5%, S.I. = 0.281)과 설악산B집단(P = 62.4%, S.I. = 0.292)이 높았으며, 석개재집단(P = 37.6%, S.I. = 0.178)이 가장 낮았다. 전체 유전변이 중 30.6%가 집단간에 기인하는 것으로 나타났고, 나머지 69.4%는 집단내 개체간의 차이에서 기인하였다. 이러한 결과는 분포역이 매우 제한되어 있으며 불연속적으로 출연하는 희귀종이라는 점으로 미루어 볼 때 지역간의 유전자 교류가 원활하지 못해 나타난 결과라고 추정해 볼 수 있다. 유전적 거리를 이용하여 UPGMA 방법에 의한 유집분석을 실시한 결과, 집단의 지리적 격리정도와 유전적 연관성은 비교적 일치하는 경향이었다. 본 연구 결과, 만리화의 유전자원보존을 위해서는 자생지 보호와 더불어 동적인 현지외 보존(dynamic ex situ conservation)과 같은 보다 적극적인 대책이 요구되며, 더 높은 유전적 다양성을 확보하기 위해서는 소수의 집단에서 다수 개체를 선발하기보다는 집단당 소수 개체를 다수의 집단에서 선발하는 집단 위주의 보존이 더욱 효과적일 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국버섯학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.171-178
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• 2019

본 연구에서는 한국에서 개발한 23개의 양송이 품종과 42개의 도입품종의 유전적 다양성과 집단 구조를 SSR 마커를 이용하여 분석하였다. 양송이 품종의 N_A는 약 13, H_O는 약 0.59, HE는 약 0.74, PIC값은 약 0.71 이었다. 양송이 품종은 군집분석에 의하여 3개의 Group으로 구분되었고 다양한 국가의 품종으로 구성된 Group2의 다양성이 높았으며, 구조분석에 의하여 2개의 subpopulation으로 구분되었고, 품종의 수가 많은 Pop2의 다양성이 높았다. 한국의 양송이 품종들은 주로 Group 3에 분포하고, subpopulation 간 분포에는 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다. 본 연구의 결과는 양송이의 육종소재의 개발, 다양성 확보 등과 같은 품종의 개발과정에 이용될 수 있을 것이다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제56권2호
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• pp.153-165
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• 2018

Development of an effective vaccine is critically needed for the prevention of malaria. One of the key antigens for malaria vaccines is the apical membrane antigen 1 (AMA-1) of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum, the surface protein for erythrocyte invasion of the parasite. The gene encoding AMA-1 has been sequenced from populations of P. falciparum worldwide, but the haplotype diversity of the gene in P. falciparum populations in the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS), including Thailand, remains to be characterized. In the present study, the AMA-1 gene was PCR amplified and sequenced from the genomic DNA of 65 P. falciparum isolates from 5 endemic areas in Thailand. The nearly full-length 1,848 nucleotide sequence of AMA-1 was subjected to molecular analyses, including nucleotide sequence diversity, haplotype diversity and deduced amino acid sequence diversity and neutrality tests. Phylogenetic analysis and pair-wise population differentiation ($F_{st}$ indices) were performed to infer the population structure. The analyses identified 60 single nucleotide polymorphic loci, predominately located in domain I of AMA-1. A total of 31 unique AMA-1 haplotypes were identified, which included 11 novel ones. The phylogenetic tree of the AMA-1 haplotypes revealed multiple clades of AMA-1, each of which contained parasites of multiple geographical origins, consistent with the $F_{st}$ indices indicating genetic homogeneity or gene flow among geographically distinct populations of P. falciparum in Thailand's borders with Myanmar, Laos and Cambodia. In summary, the study revealed novel haplotypes and population structure needed for the further advancement of AMA-1-based malaria vaccines in the GMS.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.82-82
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• 2017

The production of spring wheat, the major crop in Mongolia, is accounting for 98% of the cultivated area. Collection, conservation and utilization of wheat germplasm resources play an important role in wheat breeding and production in Mongolia. Understanding genetic variability in the existing genebank accessions is important for collection and conservation of wheat germplasms. To determine the genetic diversity and population structure among a representative collection of Mongolian local wheat cultivars and lines, 200 wheat accessions were analyzed with 15 SSR markers distributed throughout the wheat genome. A total of 85 alleles were detected, with 3 to 5 alleles per locus and a mean genetic diversity value of 5.66. The average genetic diversity index was 0.68, with values ranging from 0.37 to 0.80. The 200 Mongolian wheat accessions were divided into two subgroups based on STRUCTURE, un-rooted NJ cluster and principal coordinate analyses. The results from this study will provide important information for future wheat germplasm conservation and improvement programs with Mongolian genebank.

• 환경생물
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.413-425
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• 2014

이 글에서는 생물학적 다양성 개념의 역사적 변화를 이해할 한 가지 방안으로 인간 집단의 다양성에 대한 유전학적 연구의 역사를 탐구한 과학기술학 (STS) 연구들을 검토한다. 이를 통해, 지난 백여 년 동안 생물학 연구 방법론의 변화에 따라 인간 집단의 생물학적 다양성을 지시하는 개념의 전환이 이루어져 온 과정을 확인한다. 동시에 이 같은 연구방법과 개념의 극적인 전환에도 불구하고 최근의 인간 유전다양성 과학 역시 연구를 설계하고, 기술하며, 연구 결과를 해석하는 가운데 과거 연구들의 문제적인 가정들을 담지 하는 방향으로 미끄러질 수 있음을 지적한다. 이를 바탕으로 이 글은 생물다양성 연구자들이 개념과 연구 방법론 사이의 긴밀한 연관과 우리 시대의 종 분류 작업이 가져올 수 있는 문제들에 대해 성찰할 기회를 제공할 것이다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.49-57
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• 2019

Objective: The first stage in both breeding and programs for the conservation of genetic resources are the identification of genetic diversity in the relevant population. The aim of the present study is to identify genetic diversity of six brown layer pure chicken lines (Rhode Island Red [RIRI, RIRII], Barred Rock [BARI, BARII], Columbian Rock [COL], and line 54 [L-54]) with microsatellite markers. Furthermore, the study aims to employ its findings to discuss the possibilities for the conservation and sustainable use of these lines that have been bred as closed populations for a long time. Methods: In the present study, a total number of 180 samples belonging to RIRI (n = 30), RIRII (n = 30), BARI (n = 30), BARII (n = 30), L-54 (n = 30), and COL (n = 30) lines were genotyped using 22 microsatellite loci. Microsatellite markers are extremely useful tools in the identification of genetic diversity since they are distributed throughout the eukaryotic genome in multitudes, demonstrate co-dominant inheritance and they feature a high rate of polymorphism and repeatability. Results: In this study, we found all loci to be polymorphic and identified the average number of alleles per locus to be in the range between 4.41 (BARI) and 5.45 (RIRI); the observed heterozygosity to be in the range between 0.31 (RIRII) and 0.50 (BARII); and $F_{IS}$ (inbreeding coefficient) values in the range between 0.16 (L-54) and 0.46 (RIRII). The $F_{IS}$ values obtained in this context points out to a deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium due to heterozygote deficiency in six different populations. The Neighbour-Joining tree, Factorial Correspondence Analysis and STRUCTURE clustering analyzes showed that six brown layer lines were separated according to their genetic origins. Conclusion: The results obtained from the study indicate a medium level of genetic diversity, high level inbreeding in chicken lines and high level genetic differentiation between chicken lines.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제25권12호
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• pp.601-618
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• 2022

The genus Semisulcospira is an economically and ecologically valuable freshwater resource. Among the species, Semisulcospira coreana, Semisulcospira forticosta and Semisulcospira tegulata are endemic to the Korean peninsula and Semisulcospira gottschei is widespread in Asia. Therefore, maintenance and conservation of wild populations of these snails are important. We investigated the genetic diversity and population structure of Semisulcospira based on the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI), NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4 (ND4), and combined mitochondrial DNA (COI + ND4) sequences. All four species and various genetic makers showed a high level of haplotype diversity and a low level of nucleotide diversity. In addition, Fu's Fs and Tajima's D neutrality tests were performed to assess the variation in size among populations. Neutrality tests of the four species yielded negative Fu's Fs and Tajima's D values, except for populations with one haplotype. The minimum spanning network indicated a common haplotype for populations of S. coreana, S. tegulata and S. gottschei, whereas S. forticosta had a rare haplotype. Also, genetic differences and gene flows between populations were assessed by analysis of molecular variance and using the pairwise fixation index. Our findings provided insight into the degree of preservation of the species' genetic diversity and could be utilized to enhance the management of endemic species.

• Plant Breeding and Biotechnology
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.186-199
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• 2019

We selected 68 Chinese maize inbred lines to understand the genetic diversity, population structure, and marker-trait associations for eight agronomic traits and 50 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) markers. In this study, effective traits, such as days of anthesis (DA), days of silking (DS), ear height (EH), plant to ear height ratio (ER), plant height (PH), and leaf width (LW) were divided into PC1 and PC2 by PCA analysis for maize inbred lines. Genetic diversity analysis revealed a total of 506 alleles at 50 SSR loci. The mean number of alleles per locus was 10.12. The averages of genetic diversity (GD) and polymorphic information content (PIC) values were 0.771 and 0.743, respectively. Based on a membership probability threshold of 0.80, the population structure revealed that the total inbred lines were divided into three major groups with one admixed group. A marker-trait association using Q + K MLM showed that nine SSR markers (bnlg1017, umc2041, umc2400, bnlg105, umc1229, umc1250, umc1066, umc2092, and umc1426) were related with seven agronomic traits. Among these SSR markers, eight SSR markers were associated with only one agronomic trait (DA, DS, ER, LL, LW, PH, and ST), whereas one SSR marker (umc1229) was associated with two agronomic traits (DA and ST). These results will help in optimizing the choice of inbred lines for cross combinations, as well as in selecting markers for further maize breeding programs.

• Advances in Computational Design
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• 제1권3호
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• pp.275-296
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• 2016

This article presents an adaptive directional differential evolution (ADDE) algorithm and its application in solving discrete sizing truss optimization problems. The algorithm is featured by a new self-adaptation approach and a simple directional strategy. In the adaptation approach, the mutation operator is adjusted in accordance with the change of population diversity, which can well balance between global exploration and local exploitation as well as locate the promising solutions. The directional strategy is based on the order relation between two difference solutions chosen for mutation and can bias the search direction for increasing the possibility of finding improved solutions. In addition, a new scaling factor is introduced as a vector of uniform random variables to maintain the diversity without crossover operation. Numerical results show that the optimal solutions of ADDE are as good as or better than those from some modern metaheuristics in the literature, while ADDE often uses fewer structural analyses.