• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.295-303
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• 2020

We investigated the growth response and population regeneration of four halophyte species: Suaeda japonica, Salicornia europaea, Suaeda maritima and Suaeda glauca, when climate change proceeds caused by increased CO₂ concentration and temperature. The plants collected from habitat in 2018 were transplanted into Wagner pots, and cultivated for two years in greenhouse divided into a control (ambient condition) and a treatment (elevated CO₂+elevated temperature). The shoot length of halophytes was measured in July of each year, and the population regeneration rate was measured in October 2019. The shoot lengths of S. japonica and S. glauca had no difference between control and treatment for two years. Those of S. europaea were longer in control than treatment for two years. Those of S. maritima had no difference between control and treatment in 2018 but were longer in control than treatment in 2019. In control, the shoot lengths of S. japonica, S. europaea and S. glauca had no difference between years while those of S. maritima were longer in 2018 than in 2019. In treatment, those of S. japonica, S. europaea and S. maritima were shorter in 2019 than 2018 but S. glauca had no difference between years. The regeneration rates of S. japonica, S. europaea and S. glauca were lower treatment than control, and there was no difference in the regeneration rate of S. maritima. In conclusion, if climate change progresses caused by the increase of CO₂ concentration and temperature, the shoot lengths of S. japonica, S. europaea and S. maritima will be shortened, and the regeneration rate of population will be increased only in the S. maritima.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.40-51
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to diagnose urban spatial structures using spatial modeling techniques for balanced urban development as part of sustainable urban growth management. Since urban spatial structure is an interaction of various activities, it is necessary to interpret the analysis results in conjunction with the analysis of changes in spatial structural elements. In this study, population and transportation were approached for research purposes. Population data were applied to the Getis-Ord G_i^* method, a spatial statistical technique, to analyze the concentration-decreasing region of the population. Traffic data analyzed the trend of centrality change by applying commuting traffic O-D data to Social Network Analysis techniques. The analysis showed that urban imbalance was growing, and the centrality of transportation was changing. The results of the analysis of spatial structure elements could be interpreted by linking the results of each factor to each neighborhood unit, predicting changes in urban spatial structure and suggesting directions for sustainable urban growth management.These results could also be used as a decision-making tool for various urban growth management policies introduced to cope with rapid urban development and uncontrollable development in many cities around the world.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.465-477
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• 2016

Objectives: This review examined the scientific evidence regarding the impact of climate change on food safety. Methods: The impact of climate change on food safety was assessed based on a survey of related publications reported in the past 20 years. The terms used for literature selection reflect three aspects: climate change; food; and food safety. Results: Climate change is expected to affect the key elements of food production - water and climate. These impact on food safety through many different pathways. Directly, food shortages according to the population grovoth result in a food security/food supply problem, These relationships are commonly understood. The indirect impacts include an increase in food-borne diseases and pathogens, increased mycotoxin production, and increased risk of pesticide residues in foods due to greater use of pesticides in response to warming and increased precipitation and the accompanying diseases in certain crops. Field studies and statistical and scenario analyses were performed to provide evidence. However, quantification of these relationships is still lacking. Conclusion: Adaptation measures at the local and community levels are essential since the pressures from weather and climate events may differ according to region and sector. It is recommended that we go beyond empirical observations of the association between climate change and food safety and develop more scientific explanations. We also need to explore alternative materials for bioenergy demands in order to improve sustainability.

• Agribusiness and Information Management
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.13-23
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• 2012

Understanding climate change is not only complex but also extensive. Humanity has never embarked on such a huge challenge of trans-national scope: a problem that began in the past continues now and will be continuing for a long time in the future. Nepalese have also significantly felt the impact of global climate change. The scenarios of climate change indicate that the increased temperatures will cause snow-melt which will result in floods, droughts, and uneven weather patterns. The impact of such unexpected climate hazards and weather patterns have already been felt and will continue to be felt in Nepal. These climate change-induced hazards and risks particularly threaten the agriculture sector, which results in food insecurity and makes poor and vulnerable people face increasingly unanticipated impacts to their lives and wellbeing. This paper explores the climate vulnerability of the Nepalese in terms of their physical, social, economic and primarily agricultural losses due to the increasing impact of climate change. The paper argues the need for a timely adaptation of measures to maintain an environment suitable for agriculture and for the well-being of the population residing in the area.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.367-373
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• 2000

Natural and artificial land features are very dynamic, changing somewhat repidly in our lifetime. It is important that such changes are inventoried accurately so that the physical and human processes at work can be more fully understood. Change detection is a technique used to determine the change between two or more time periods of a particular object of study. Change detection is an important process in monitoring and managing natural resources and urban development because it provides quantitative analysis of the spatial distribution in the population of interest. The purpose of this research is to detect environmental changes surrounding an area of Mountain Moscow, Idaho using Landsat Thematic Maper (TM) images of (July 8, 1990 and July 20, 1991). For accurate classification, the Image enhancement process was performed for improving the image quality of each image. A SPOT image (Aug. 14, 1992) was used for image merging in this research. Supervised classification was performed using the maximum likelihood method. Accuracy assessments were done for each classification. Two images were compared on a pixel-by-pixel basis using the post-classification comparison method that is used for detecting the changes of the study area in this research. The 'from-to' change class information can be detected by post classification comparison using this method and we could find which class change to another.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.23 no.11
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• pp.1807-1820
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• 2014

The spatial and temporal changes of the annual mean urban heat island(UHI) intensity were investigated using near surface temperature data measured at 16 automatic weather systems(AWS) in Busan metropolitan area(BMA) during the 11-yr period, from 2000 to 2010. For nighttime, the annual mean UHI intensity at Dongnae(U1) in 2000 was weaker than it in 2010. However the change of the annual mean UHI intensity at Daeyeon(U2) during 11 years was different from it at U1. The annual frequency of the UHI intensity over $5^{\circ}C$ considerably increased at U2 and decreased at U1 during 11 years. The center of the UHI also spatially shifted southward with Daeyeon and Haeundae in BMA. It would be caused by the increase of urban area, population-density and transportation near U2 and by the decrease of them near U1. We found that the spatial and temporal differences of the UHI intensity have coincided with changes of land-use, population density and transportation in BMA.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.81-90
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• 2001

One of the Repeated survey which estimates variability of population, we can be consider rotation sample survey. There are two kinds of rotation sample survey - onelevel rotation sample survey and multi-level rotation sample survey. In rotation sample survey, Composite estimator is used to measure level or level change of the population. This study suggests Generalized Composite estimator as considering intraclass correlation in multi-level rotation sample survey, and optimal weight minimizing variance of estimator. Numerical example shows efficiency of Generalized Composite estimator as considering intraclass correlation according to the sample unit and change degree of intraclass correlation in the rotation group.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.109-118
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• 1983

Near future dynamics of water qualities (nutrient concentration) of the Han River was predicted, based on a mathematical model representing the relationship between the nutrient concentration in th river wagter and environmental factors (population density, land-use types, rock compositions and nutrient accumulation) in the basin. The population density and land-use types were forecasted to change distinctly in the downstream area, especially in Seoul City area in 1985~1990 whereas any environmental factor was not expected to change its level significantly in both upstream and middle reaches areas. It was indicated by the model that the nutrients concentration in the up- and mid-streams would keep its level in future as it was, but it would increase drastially in the downstream area. For the preservation of the water qualities in the downstream at least to keep its level as it was in 1980, practical countermeasures were proposed, based on the assessment of the contribution of each environmental factor to the water qualities.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.107-121
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• 1990

The structural change of occupational composition with the coming of post-industrial society is most evidently observed in the developed country. Specially representative of social changes is the emergence of new occupational sectors, such as the so-called quaternary and quinary sectors, which are based on the use of information technology and managerial skills. The paper raises the question of how and in what this chage of occupational components in a mtro area affects the existing residential structure over the period. In order to extend the discussion of the question, the related hypothetical statements on urban spatial impact due to transformation of the society have xtnsively considered and identified a possible multicenter structure concentration and deconcentration of new jobs and population over the metro area. For further examination, the renowned high tech city of Minneaplis -St. Paul has been selected and the occupational labour forces data for 1960 and 1980 analyzed. As a whole, this area has experienced a dispersal and reconcentration of population in new patterns which have resulted from changes in the occupational structure. In particular, the residential area of white-coller workers(the quaternary / quinary or information workers) has expanded into the city from a suburban core area. In this process, a large proportion of the manual-worker's residential areas in the central city either disappeared or diminished. Consequently, other isolated centers created by the manualworker residents are emerging in both the central city and suburbs. Thus, the development of mulitple centers or cores based on the distribution of occupational characteristics can be considered as a typical ongoing pattern of metro areas in the Unite States.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.85-93
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• 2011

As passing through the Japanese colonial period, Daegu has been changed into a modern city. In addition, the nature of the city had changed a lot by withdrawal of Eup-sung and the opening of the road and the increase of population in Japan. Of course, the expansion of the city was caused by the increase of the Japanese population. To understand the current city, it is most important to understand the past city's characteristics and especially the formation and change of city must be considered with understanding the situation of city. And now the city reflects the role of the city in the past. In fact, the effect of the street constitution in Daegu Eup-sung during Japanese colonial period on the present time was very big and continues. Especially, in order to understand the situation of the city and consider the direction in the future, the analysis of the development process has important implications.This study aimed to consider the change of Daegu Eup-sung Street and Formation of Dwelling Site focusing on the Buksung Street. The purpose of this study is to investigate the nature of the city and changing process of the city by the past Buksung street and the current Buksung street as time goes by.