• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.1-3
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• 2002

The colchicine drop treatment is done on the growthpoint of the Sangilppong, which is the leading mulberry variety for mulberry dwarf resistance. So the breeding of the Sawonppong 27, that is tetraproidy, is succeeded and the chracteristics of this is as follows. The chromosome number of it is 2n=56, tetraproidy. The spring sprouting stage is midseason mulberry variety, and the leaf has a broad width shape that the oval leaf and the 3 lobed leaf exist simultaneously, The thickness of leaf is thick, the branch length and internorde length are short. The nonbudding of basal part does not exist and the cold hardness of this is stronger than the Sangilppong.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.391-398
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• 2022

Polyploidization is a process by which cells are induced to possess more than two sets of chromosomes. Although polyploidization is not frequent in mammals, it is closely associated with development and differentiation of specific tissues and organs. The liver is one of the mammalian organs that displays ploidy dynamics in physiological homeostasis during its development. The ratio of polyploid hepatocytes increases significantly in response to hepatic injury from aging, viral infection, iron overload, surgical resection, or metabolic overload, such as that from non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLDs). One of the unique features of NAFLD is the marked heterogeneity of hepatocyte nuclear size, which is strongly associated with an adverse liver-related outcome, such as hepatocellular carcinoma, liver transplantation, and liver-related death. Thus, hepatic polyploidization has been suggested as a potential driver in the progression of NAFLDs that are involved in the control of the multiple pathogenicity of the diseases. However, the importance of polyploidy in diverse pathophysiological contexts remains elusive. Recently, several studies reported successful improvement of symptoms of NAFLDs by reducing pathological polyploidy or by controlling cell cycle progression in animal models, suggesting that better understanding the mechanisms of pathological hepatic polyploidy may provide insights into the treatment of hepatic disorders.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.33-41
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• 2004

The type of trichomes, their density and pattern of distribution on leaves of 16 genotypes of mulberry, belonging to both diploid and polyploid categories, were studied by scanning electron microscope. The present investigation was undertaken to find out the relationship of physical attributes, especially the density and trichome types with higher acceptability and better rearing performance by the silkworm Bombyx-mori L. Two types of trichomes glandular and non-glandular types were observed on both the leaf surfaces of all the mulberry genotypes studied. In general, greater densities of trichomes were observed on the abaxial surface than the adaxial surface of leaves in most of the genotypes. Distribution of glandular trichomes were more in abaxial surface and non-glandular trichomes were more in adaxial surface. Overall, distribution of glandular and non-glandular trichomes per unit area of leaf did not follow any regular pattern. When leaves of those genotypes were fed to silkworms, trichome density was found to be significantly negatively correlated with the survival of larvae i.e., effective rate of rearing, but trichome density did not influence the economic characters of rearing. As the distribution of glandular trichomes (GT) and non-glandular trichomes (NGT) did not follow any definite pattern, no relation could be established between the GT and NGT densities with silkworm rearing performance. However, the ratio of GT and NGT in a particular genotype influenced the rearing parameters, higher the ratios better the rearing performance. High GT and NGT ratio (＞1.00) was found positively significant when correlated with economic parameters viz., larval weight, single cocoon weight and single shell weight. The study is useful in screening different mulberry genotypes for their better acceptability to silk-worm and higher rearing performance at the early stage of selection without actually conducting the rearing.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.49-61
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• 2012

This review summarises the biology, discovery and applications of single nucleotide polymorphisms in complex polyploid crop genomes, with a focus on the important oilseed crop $Brassica$ $napus$. $Brassica$ $napus$ is an allotetraploid species, and along with soybean and oil palm is one of the top three most important oilseed crops globally. Current efforts are well underway to $de$ $novo$ assemble the $B.$ $napus$ genome, following the release of the related $B.$ $rapa$ 'A' genome last year. The next generation of genome sequencing, SNP discovery and analysis pipelines, and the associated challenges for this work in $B.$ $napus$, will be addressed. The biological applications of SNP technology for both evolutionary and molecular geneticists as well as plant breeders and industry are far-reaching, and will be invaluable to our understanding and advancement of the $Brassica$ crop species.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.273-273
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• 2017

Polyploidy has opened a new horizon for selection to sculpt a variety of new gene functions, traits, and lineages. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of the colchicine concentration, temporal changes, and suitable material for inducing effective tetraploid plants of Codonopsis lanceolata. A total of 180 individuals from 16 treatment groups were germinated, and exposed to different concentrations of Colchicine. The plant height of the diploid (18.1 cm) was slightly shorter than that of the tetraploid (13.4 cm). The fresh weight of the main root in the diploid (0.5 g) was 4-fold higher than the tetraploid (2.2 g). The colchicine-treated plant regeneration rate in C. lanceolata was decreased at the elevated concentration of colchicine. A total of 126 individual plants were regenerated in the entire treatment group and tetraploid (2n=4x=32) plants were obtained. In particular, 5 individuals of the tetraploid plant were induced in the 0.05% colchicine for 6h, which is a higher rate (29.4%) than other regenerated plants. As in the seed treatment result, the plant height of the diploid was significantly higher (10.4 cm) than tetraploid. The root length of the tetraploid (10.1 cm) was longer than the diploid, and the root was also thicker. Taken together, the results obtained from the present study may be helpful for the efficient recovery of such polyploid plants through the in vitro application of colchicine, and may improve the productivity and breeding of C. lanceolata.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.9-12
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• 2002

The agronomic characteristics and fertility of Morus tiliaefolia growing wild in Korean peninsula are as follows. The possibility of seed formation is 46∼80% and that of germination is 19∼28%. The height period of making flower is April 4-May 3, it means that is later than Morus bombycis, faster than Kaeryangppong. Green tip sprouting stage in spring is April 21∼24. This is later than Morus bombycis and faster than Kaeryangppong. The leaf has very big width and the ratio of leaf length to leaf width is 1.05. The thickness of leaf is thicker than Morous bombycis. There are a lot of matter of soluble nitrogen free, crude ash, and are little crude protein, crude fat and crude fiber in chemical contents of maturation leaf. The attitude of low cutting is spread out type and the branch is long type. The internord length is long. It is weak against cold and die-back.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.13-18
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• 2002

The morphorogical characteristics of the Morus tiliaefolia growing wild in the Korean peninsula are as follows. The chromosome number of somatic cell is 2n=84,that is hexaploid. The shape of male inflorescence is a long cylinder shape of 3.6∼6.0 cm. The length of female inflorescence is 1.8 cm, red violet or violet and the weight of mulberry fruits is 1.39∼1.65 g. The winter bud is very big in comparison with the branch and the accessory bud does not exist. The leaf is big and lobed leaf or entire leaf, the density of lenticell is 9.42$\pm$1.29 ㎠. The length of leaf trichome is 236∼438 ㎛ and the distribution density is 16∼37/25 ㎟ and heigh density of leaf back. The trichome shape of the leaf surface is cylinder shaped, in the leaf back it is thin and long corn shaped.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.153-166
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• 2004

Genus Taraxacum propagated through diploid sexual reproduction and polyploid agamospermy. The cluster analysis of Korean(2 species, 4 population), Japanese (2 species 4 taxa 6 population) and Taiwanese (1 species, 3 population) Taraxacum species using 15 measured capitulum morphological characters was conducted to study the speciation of diploid Taraxacum in East Asia. We measured 15 capitulum morphological characters including length of capitulum, length and shape of outer-involucre, corniculate appandage. Within one population, these characters were very various and were overlapped. The result of cluster analysis using morphological character showed that all species were clustered into four groups (Korean species & T. japonicum group, T. platycarpum subspecies group, T. platycarpum subsp. hodense group, T. formosanum group). Korean species, T. hallaisanense (diploid) and T. ohiwanum (diploid, triploid) were clustered into T. japonicum that was occurred in Kansai provinces of Japan. Therefore, we could infer that Korean species was closely related to Japanese T. japonicum of Japanese species.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.71-77
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• 1990

The present study was undertaken to investigate effects of ionizing radiation on DNA synthesis and chromosomal abnormality in cultured submandibular gland(SG) cells. SG cells from C57BL/6N Crj mice were cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DME) supplemented with $10\%$ fetal bovine serum, antibiotics and fungizone. The cultured SG cells were irradiated with graded doses of gamma ray ($^{60}Co$) at a dose rate of 58.4rad/min. The effect of irradiation of $^{60}Co$ on DNA synthesis in cultured cells was evaluated by measuring the incorporation of 3H-TdR. Using conventional chromosome techniques and Giemsa staining methods, chromosomal abnormalities in cultured SG cells, induced by irradiation of $^{60}Co$ werw examined. Cytological observations were carried out by a light microscope with high resolving power. The results obtained were as follows : 1. DNA synthesis of SG cells was quantitatively dependent on a radiation dose compare to control. 2. A polyploids and few chromosome-type break, such as single and double breaks, deltions and triradial figures were more predominantly in irradiated SG cells than in control. This increase of chromosomal abnormality was in the proposition to the irradiation doses.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.293-308
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• 2006

Genetic and morphological studies using morphological and isozymic data from 20 populations of 6 Korea Hylotelephium were conducted to resolve the species relationships and the origin of polyploid species. The results of morphological studies suggest that triploid H. viviparum is closely related to H. verticillatum, and the high frequency alleles of two species were very similar each other in isozyme analyses. Unique fixation of $PGI-1^b$ in two species supports that H. verticillatum should be the diploid ancestor of H. viviparum. However, a unique $ALD-1^c$ allele is present in H. viviparum, and the lack of the common alleles of H. erythrostictum and H. spectabile in this species eliminated them from the candidates of another tetraploid ancestor of H. viviparum. Based on the high morphological and genetic similarities, our results supported that the Korea endemic H. viridescens might be originated from the H. erythrostictum or share a common ancestor with it. Besides, H. ussuriense is closely related with H. erythrostictum and H. viridescens.