• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.12-18
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• 2009

고분자전해질 연료전지용 캐소드 촉매로서 화학환원법을 이용하여 20% Pt/C 제조하고 다양한 온도($300-600^{\circ}C$)열처리하여 산소환원반응을 평가하였다 $300-400^{\circ}C$에서 열처리한 20% Pt/C가 높은 산소환원반응 활성을 나타냈으며, 특히 $300^{\circ}C$에서 열처리한 촉매를 0.6V에서의 정전위를 측정한결과, 열처리하지 않은 촉매에 비해서 산소환원 반응 활성정도가 2배 높게 나타났다. TEM 및 XRD 분석을 이용하여 조사한 결과, 열처리 온도가 높아짐에 따라서 백금 입자 크기가 커지고 결정화도가 증가하는 것을 확인하였다. 이러한 결과에서 산소환원반응 활성을 위한 백금의 입자 크기와 결정화도가 $300^{\circ}C$에서 최적화되는 것으로 판단된다.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.361-369
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• 2011

실험과 수치해석을 이용하여 차량용 PEMFC 시스템의 공기 공급부 운전환경에 따른 막 가습기의 성능 특성에 대한 연구를 수행하였다. Nafion 막을 이용한 Shell-and-Tube 형 막가습기의 입구온도변화에 따른 열 및 물 전달 특성에 알아보기 위한 실험을 수행하였으며, 이로부터 가습기 막을 통한 물전달 성능이 입구 온도에 대하여 비선형적으로 변화하는 특성을 확인하였다. Nafion 막의 물전달 계수를 경계면의 온도와 상대습도의 함수로서 모델링하여 단일 튜브형 막에 대한 수치해석을 수행하였으며, 해석 결과를 실험 결과와 비교하였다. 막을 통한 국소물질량유속 분포가 튜브 내에서 급격하고도 비선형적으로 변화하는 해석 결과를 얻을 수 있었으며, 이로부터 입구 온도가 가습기 성능에 미치는 영향을 논의하였다.

• 공업화학
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.118-124
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• 2017

공랭식 고분자전해질 연료전지는 개방된 cathode구조로 인하여 시스템의 단순화와 부품 수 저감의 장점이 있다. 공랭식 연료전지는 최근에 많이 연구되고 있지만, 성능이 외부 환경에 영향을 받으며, 공기의 상대습도가 낮은 경우 전해질막의 건조로 인한 성능 감소가 발생할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 공랭식 연료전지의 성능에 영향을 주는 요인인 cathode 측 공기 유량과 anode 측 purge interval영향에 대해 분석하였으며, 스택을 운전하지 않는 상태로 장기간 보관하는 것이 성능에 미치는 영향에 대하여 실험을 수행하였다. 연료전지 외부에 설치한 fan의 전압을 조절하면 cathode 측 공기의 공급유량을 변화시킬 수 있고 스택의 온도도 제어할 수 있으므로, fan전압은 공랭식 연료전지의 성능에 영향을 주는 중요한 인자이다. 연료전지 시스템을 단순화하고 수소의 사용률을 높이기 위하여 anode 측은 dead ended anode (DEA) 기법을 사용하였다. 주기적인 purge를 실행하여 생성된 물과 가스를 배출하였으며, purge 주기를 변경하면서 스택의 성능에 미치는 영향에 대하여 실험을 수행하였다. 스택의 보관기간이 길어질수록 membrane dehydration으로 인해 성능이 감소하는 것을 실험을 통해 파악하였고, 단시간에 성능을 회복할 수 있는 기법을 제시하였다.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제44권5호
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• pp.173-178
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• 2011

Separator of stack in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is high cost and heavy. If we make it low cost and lighter, it will have a great ripple. In this study, low carbon steel is used as base metal of separator because the cost of low carbon steel is very cheaper commercial metal material than stainless steels, which is widely used as separator. Low carbon steel has not a good corrosion resistance. In order to improve the corrosion resistance and electrolytic conductivity, low carbon steel needs to be surface treated. We made Chromium electroplated layer of $5{\mu}m$, $10{\mu}m$ thickness on the surface of low carbon steel and it was nitrided for 2 hours at $1000^{\circ}C$ in a furnace with 100 torr nitrogen gas pressure. Cross-sectional and surface microstructures of surface treated low carbon steel are investigated using SEM. And crystal structures are investigated by XRD. Interfacial contact resistance and corrosion tests were considered to simulate the internal operating conditions of PEMFC stack. The corrosion test was performed in 0.1 N $H_2SO_4$ + 2 ppm $F^-$ solution at $80^{\circ}C$. Throughout this research, we try to know that low carbon steel can be replaced stainless steel in separator of PEMFC.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.579-584
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• 2011

Sulfonated poly (ether sulfone)s containing BFBN were prepared from 2,3-bis(4-fluorophenyl)-2-butenedinitrile , 4,4-sulfonyldiphenol and sulfonated 4,4'-difluorodiphenylsulfone sodium salt using potassium carbonate, and followed acidification reaction with 1M $H_2SO_4$. BFBN was prepared from 4-fluorobenzylcyanide, $CCl_4$, NaOH using trimethylbenzylammoniumchloride . Sulfonated poly(ether sulfone)s containing BFBN were studied by FT-IR, $^1H$-NMR spectroscopy, and thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA). The water uptake of synthesized S-PBFBN membranes exhibit 31~62% compared with 28% of Nafion 211. The S-PBFBN membranes exhibit proton conductivities ($80^{\circ}C$, RH 100) of 53.8~117.4 mS/cm compared with 137.4 mS/cm of Nafion 211.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.260-266
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• 2018

To enhance catalyst activity of the palladium (Pd) towards oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), iridium (Ir) and yttrium (Y) were alloyed by polyol method. Due to the low reduction potential of Y, it is hard to reduce Y ion completely by polyol method. In XPS spectra, the binding energy of the Pd is shifted to a lower value, which indicates the d-electron of Pd is filled by the electron from the Y. And other phases of Y are observed by the XPS. Among the catalysts, the $Pd_4IrY_{0.1}/C$ showed the best activity towards ORR, which indicates the metallic Y is effective for improving the catalytic activity. Thus, for further enhancing ORR activity, the novel method for complete reduction of Y is needed.

• 멤브레인
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.9-15
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• 2006

Polyvinylalcohol (PVA)을 전해질 막으로 이용하여 위하여 가교제로서 sulfosuccinic acid (SSA)와 무기물 첨가제로 phosphotungstic acid (PWA), silicotungstic acid (SiWA) 등의 HPA (heteropolyacid)를 사용하여 PVA/SSA/HPA 복합막을 제조하였다. PVA/SSA/HPA 복합막은 HPA의 농도가 증가함에 따라 함수율은 감소하였으나 IEC값은 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. PVA/SSA/HPA 복합막의 XRD 분석 결과 HPA의 농도가 증가함에 따라 HPA가 복합막 속으로 잘 분산되는 것을 확인할 수 있었으며 HPA로서 PWA보다 SiWA의 분산성이 우수하였다. TGA 분석결과 PVA/SSA 복합막은 가교 결합으로 인하여 PVA 보다 열안정성이 우수하였으며 복합막의 HPA의 농도가 증가할수록 열안정성이 더욱 증대되는 것을 알 수 있었다. PVA/SSA/HPA 복합막의 메탄올 투과저항은 Nafion보다 현저히 우수하였으며 HPA의 농도가 증가할수록 메탄올의 투과도는 감소하였다.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2006년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.110-112
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• 2006

Membrane electrode assembly (MEA) for polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) are commonly prepared in the research laboratory by spraying, screen-printing and brushing catalyst slurry onto membrane or other support material like carbon paper or polyimide film in a batch style. These hand applications of the catalyst slurry are painstaking process with respect to precision of catalyst loading and reproducibility. It has been generally mentioned that the adoption of continuous process is very helpful to develop the reliable product. In the present work, we report the results of using continuous type coater with doctor-blade to coat catalyst slurry for preparing the MEA catalyst layers In a faster and highly reproducible fashion. We show that while expectedly faster than batch style, the machine coater requires the use of slurry of appropriate composition and a properly selected transfer decal material in order to achieve superior MEA plat lnw loading reproducibility. To make highly viscous catalyst slurry that is imperative for using coater, we use 40wt.% Nafion solution and minimize the content of organic solvent. And the choice of proper high surface area catalyst is important in the viewpoint of making well-dispersed slurry. After catalyst coating onto the support material, we transferred the catalyst layer to both sides of Nafion membrane by hot-pressing In this case, the degree of transfer was Influenced by hot-pressing condition including temperature, pressure, and time. To compare the transferring ability, we compared so many films and detaching papers. And among the support, polyethylene terephthalate(PET) film shows the prominent result.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.451-465
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• 2021

In this investigation, electrochemical characteristics and damage behavior of 316L stainless steel polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell(PEMFC) were analyzed by potentiodynamic and potentiostatic tests in cathode operating condition of PEMFC. As the result of potentiodynamic polarization test, range of passive region was larger than range of active region. In the result of potentiostatic test, damage depth and width, pit volume, and surface roughness were increased 1.57, 1.27, 2.48, and 1.34 times, respectively, at 1.2 V compared to 0.6 V at 24 hours. Also, as a result of linear regression analysis of damage depth and width graph, trend lines of damage depth and width according to applied potentials were 16.6 and 14.3 times larger, respectively. This demonstrated that applied potential had a greater effect on pitting damage depth of 316L stainless steel. The damage tendency values were 0.329 at 6 hours and 0.633 at 24 hours with applied potentials, representing rapid growth in depth direction according to the test times and applied potentials. Scanning electron microscopy images revealed that surface of specimen exhibited clear pitting damage with test times and applied potentials, which was thought to be because a stable oxide film was formed by Cr and Mo.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.178-186
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• 2023

Three activation methods (constant voltage, current cycling, and hydrogen pumping) were applied to investigate the effects on the performance of the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) loaded with PtCo/C catalyst. The current cycling protocol took the shortest time to activate the MEA, while the performance after activation was the worst among the all activation methods. The constant voltage method took a moderate activation time and exhibited the best performance after activation. The hydrogen pumping protocol took the longest time to activate the MEA with moderate performance after activation. According to the distribution of relaxation time analysis, the improved performance after the activation mainly comes from the decrease of charge transfer resistance rather than the ionic resistance in the cathode catalyst layer, which suggests that the existence of water on the electrode is the key factor for activation.