• Textile Coloration and Finishing
• /
• v.24 no.4
• /
• pp.253-259
• /
• 2012

In this work, the natural indigo production process from Polygonum tinctorium was balanced based on the traditional Niram method in Korea. A standard procedure was determined considering the conditions of indican extraction from plant material, the amount of alkali for precipitation, storage of extract, etc. The effect of experimental conditions on the yield of crude dye was investigated. The contents of indigo and indirubin of the crude dyes were analyzed by HPLC. Increase of the amount of crude dye was observed within 1-2.5 days of extraction time. Longer extraction beyond 2.5 days resulted in a slight decrease in the amount of crude dye. There was no consistency in terms of indigo content depending on extraction pH. We found that the storage of extract or harvested plants affected adversely to dye yield and dye quality. Based on the lab scale extraction, large scale extraction was performed for 2-2.5 days in water and 2.0-2.5 g/L of $Ca(OH)_2$ was applied for precipitation of indigo dye. We obtained natural indigo dye containing about 15% of pure indigo in scale-up production using whole plant except root.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
• /
• v.5 no.2
• /
• pp.117-123
• /
• 2005

Dyers woad leaf (Daqingye) is a traditional Chinese medicine commonly used as anti-pyretic, anti-bacterial and anti-viral agent against infectious diseases. The Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2005) records that Dyers woad leaf should be derived from the leaves of Isatis indigotica Fort., but the leaves of Polygonum tinctorium Ait., Baphicacanthus cusia (Nees) Bremek. and Clerodendron cyrtophyllum Turcz. have also been used as substitutes of Dyers woad leaf in different regions of China. The leaf morphologies of these four species show a close resemblance, and based on their morphological appearance, it is difficult to identify them. Here, molecular genetic methods were developed as a target to identify different members of Dyers woad leaf. The 5S-rRNA spacer domain was amplified by polymerase chain reaction from genomic DNAs isolated from I. indigotica, P. tinctorium, B. cusia and C. cyrtophyllum, and the nucleotide sequences showed a great diversity. In addition, random amplification of polymorphic DNA analysis was also used to distinguish the members of Dyers woad leaf. These molecular methods could be used as a tool in authentic identification of Dyers woad leaf.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
• /
• v.42 no.1
• /
• pp.36-41
• /
• 2000

The indigo dyeing on silk was carried out by the use of fresh leaves juice of polygonum tinctorium. By means of spectroscopic analysis, it is proved that indoxyl are present in the juicese due to the enzymatic reducing of indican contained in the leaves. In case of fresh leaf dyeing, K/S value of dyed fabric was higher at 25$\^{C}$ than at 35$\^{C}$ of the dyeing temperature, its colour fastness aganist washing, perspiration and ligt ranged from 4 to 5 grade.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
• /
• v.48 no.3
• /
• pp.57-65
• /
• 2016

Indigo (Polygonum tinctorium L.) is a typical blue dye which had been used from ancient times. This study was going to shade the complicated traditional methods extracting indigo dye by the fermentation and producing as adsorbate on calcium hydroxide, which says so called as the 'Indigo lime'. Accordingly we were going to make indigo through the hydrolysis of the hot water extractives of indigo leaves simply. During hot-water extraction, ${\beta}$-glucosidase which required hydrolysis of the linkage between indigo and glucose was not activated. To achieve this goal, indican was acid-hydrolyzed to glucose and indigo. The acetic acid, citric acid, hydrochloric acid, and sulfuric acid were used for the hydrolysis of hot water extractives. The hydrolysis conditions of extractives performed in water bath at $80^{\circ}C$ for 120 minutes and in an autoclave for 120 minutes. In the acid hydrolysis of extracted indican by hot water, the indican yields of acetic acid and hydrochloric acid hydrolysis were higher than sulfuric acid in water bath. Also, the indican yield of hydrochloric acid hydrolysis was better than sulfuric acid in autoclave. The hot water extracted indican was confirmed by HPLC analysis and its structure was confirmed by UV-Vis and FT-IR spectroscopy, compared with isolated indigo and commercial synthesized indigo. This improved extraction and hydrolysis methods can be replace the traditional indigo making method.

• KSBB Journal
• /
• v.8 no.3
• /
• pp.193-199
• /
• 1993

To find out the optimum conditions for indigo cell culture in air-lift bioreactor, effects of media composition including nutrients and precursors of the indigo colorants on the cell growth and characteristics of the cell growth under various cultural conditions were analyzed. Optimum cultural conditions were tested and the growth characteristics were analyzed in external and internal loop type air-lift bioreactors during 14-day culture. Better cell growth was obtained when the inoculum size was higher in the range of 0.5∼2.5% packed cell volume tested. In the sucrose concentration of 2 to 4%, the cell growth was better when the sucrose concentration was 4% (w/w) in both types of reactors. Sucrose was used up in the early stage of exponential phase of growth At the optimum concentration of a Precursor tryptophan at 1 U UW was 3.8 g/l in internal loop bioreactor, and 3.5 g/l in external one after 14 days of cultivation. Addition of indole showed negative effect on cell growth of suspension culture in air-lift biorector culture and cell mass of 2.5 g/l and 2.2 g/l were obtained in external and internal loop bioreactor, respectively. Selected inorganic nitrogen source potassium nitrate showed about 110% increase in cell growth than that of control. DCW was 16.34 g/l under optimum conditions during 14-day cultivation in internal loop bioreactor.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
• /
• v.36 no.1
• /
• pp.21-40
• /
• 2006

We examined nrDNA ITS sequences from 16 taxa of Polygonum sect. Persicaria(Polygonaceae) in Korea to infer relationships among the taxa within the section. A neighbor-joining tree obtained from the analysis of the ITS sequences suggest that the ITS region was useful inferring the phylogenetic relationships among the taxa. The neighbor-joining tree indicates that P.amphibium is clearly separated from the other Korean taxa. The tree also reveals the presence of five major groups in the Korean taxa of the section; 1) P. lapathifolium var. lapathifolium, 2) P. persicaria and P. viscoferum, 3) P. orientale and P. viscosum, 4) P. japonicum and 5) a group including the remaining taxa. these relationships depicted on the ITS tree are largely congruent with those inferred from morphological and anatomical characters.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
• /
• v.49 no.1
• /
• pp.8-13
• /
• 2007

Natural indigo colorants were prepared by extraction of Polygonum tinctorium which was harvested just in the blooming season(in the late of July). The components were analyzed by TLC and HPLC, and its structures were analyzed by FT-IR, EI-mass. The results obtained are summarized as follows; The natural indigo powder was dissolved in DMSO and developed in eluent, $CHCI_3/CH_3CN$(8.5:1.5 v/v) by means of TLC for its quality analysis. It was segregated into indirubin as a red colour and indigo as a blue colour. In case of HPLC analysis,. FT-IR spectrum of indirubin showed a peak for NH residue between 3200 and $3300cm^{-1}$. $^1H-NMR$ spectrum for indigo displayed AA'BB' spin system caused by indole structure between 6.5 and 7.7ppm of H4, 5, 6 and 7, and -NH proton for indirubin showed an singlet between 10.88 and 11.0ppm. EI-mass spectrum of indigo and indirubin both disclosed their molecular size as 262 and it implies that these two substances are isomer.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.29 no.1
• /
• pp.52-59
• /
• 2019

The leave of Polygonum tinctorium (LPT) have been used for centuries as a traditional medicine and as a food ingredient and natural dye. The aim of the current study was to develop high-value added products using LPT. Hot water extract (HWE) and ethanol extract (EE) of LPT were prepared, respectively, and their bioactivity was evaluated. The extraction ratio for the HWE was 27.6%, which was two-fold higher than that of the EE. The contents of total polyphenol in the HWE and total sugar in the EE were 51.2 mg/g and 297.8 mg/g, respectively. The total flavonoid and reducing sugar contents were similar in the extracts, irrespective of the extraction solvent. The HWE did not show antimicrobial activity in a disc-diffusion assay, but the EE showed strong growth inhibition against gram-positive bacteria. The EE exhibited stronger DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities and reducing power than those of the HWE. The HWE was particularly effective as a scavenger of nitrite ($RC_{50}$ of $6.0{\mu}g/ml$). In an antithrombosis activity assay, the EE showed significant anticoagulation activity as determined by an extended blood coagulation time (thrombin time, prothrombin time, and activated partial thromboplastin time), in addition to platelet aggregation activity. The HWE also showed platelet aggregation inhibitory activity. This report provides the first evidence of antithrombosis activities of LPT. Our results suggest that LPT has potential as a new antioxidant and antithrombosis agent.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
• /
• v.4 no.3
• /
• pp.125-136
• /
• 2004

The pharmacological mechanisms of most Oriental medicines have not been clearly defined in spite of their effective use in treating many diseases throughout the world. Many Oriental medicines have been used against various allergic diseases for generations, and still occupy an important place in traditional medicine in far eastern countries including Korea. It is also still unclear how Oriental drugs prevent allergic disease in vivo or in vitro models. Some Korean folk medicine inhibited the mast cell-mediated allergic reaction. This review summarizes the effective folk medicine in experimental effect on systemic or local anaphylaxis reaction. Potential anti-anaphylactic folk medicines include: Poncirus trifoliata; Siegesbeckia glabrescence; Solanum lyratum; Aquilaria agallocha; Ulmi radicis; Polygonum tinctorium; Hwanglyun-Haedok-Tang; Rehmannia glutinosa; Kum-Hwag-San; Syzygium aromaticm; Spirulina platensis; Sosiho-Tang; Sinomenium acutum; Schizonepta tenuifolia; Shini-San; Magnoliae flos; Sochungryong-Tang; Oryza sativa; Cryptotympana atrata; Salviae radix; Rosa davurica; Asiasari radix; Chung-Dae-San; Cichorium intybus; Perilla frutescens; Vitex rotundifolia; Terminalia chebula; Siberian Ginseng; Solanum melongena; Gahmi-Shini-San; Alpinia oxyphylla; Acanthopanax senticosus root; Prunella vulgaris; Allergina; Ixeris dentate; Acanthopanax senticosus stem; Tongkyutang; Salvia plebeia; Rubus coreanus; Sinpo- Tang; Dodutang; Forsythia fructus; Xanthii fructus; and Purple bamboo slat. Ensuring the effects and understanding the mechanisms of action for these Oriental medicines can permit drug development and laying of the ground-work for evaluating potential synergistic effects by addition and subtraction of prescriptions.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
• /
• v.1 no.1
• /
• pp.1-7
• /
• 2000

Although Oriental medicines have long been used effectively in treating many diseases throughout the world, the pharmacological mechanisms of most Oriental medicines used have not been defined. As part of our continuing search for biologically active antiallergic drugs from natural sources, Oriental medicines were analyzed. Some Oriental medicines have been used against various allergic diseases for generations, and still occupies an important place in traditional medicine in Korea. It is also still unclear how Oriental medicine prevents allergic disease in experimental animal models. Some Korean folk medicines inhibited the mast cell-mediated allergic reaction. This review summarizes the effective folk medicine in experimental effect of allergic reaction. Potential antiallergic folk medicines include: Poncirus trifoliata; Siegesbeckia glabrescence; Solanum lyratum; Aquilaria agallocha; Ulmi radicis; Polygonum tinctorium; Hwanglyun-Haedok-Tang; Rehmannia glutinosa; Kum- Hwag-San; Syzygium aromaticm; Spirulina platensis; Sosiho-Tang; Sinomenium acutum; Schizonepta tenuifolia; Shini-San; Magnoliae flos; Sochungryoung-Tang; Oryza sativa; Cryptotympana atrata; Salviae radix; Rosa davurica; Asiasari radix; Chung-Dae-San; and Cichorium intybus. Understanding the mechanisms of action for these Oriental medicines can permit drug development and laying of the ground-work for evaluating potential synergistic effects by addition and subtraction of prescriptions.