• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.7-11
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to develop a new $^{l3}C-urea-containing$ capsule for diagnosis of H. pylori. The urea-containing capsules were prepared with various diluents such as polyethylene glycol (PEG), microcrystalline cellulose, sodium lauryl sulfate and citric acid. The dissolution test, $^{l3}C-urea$ breath test and stability test were then performed on the capsules. Microcrystalline cellulose and sodium lauryl sulfate retarded the initial dissolution rates of urea. However, PEG increased the initial dissolution rates of urea. Furthermore, two formulae composed of PEG, [$^{l3}C-urea/PEG$ (38/1.9 mg/cap)] and [$^{l3}C-urea/PEG/citric$ acid (38/1.9/1.9 mg/cap)] had the maximum DOB value, about 16 at 20 mim, while the formula composed of only 38 mg $^{l3}C-urea$ had the maximum DOB value at 30 min. The results indicated that PEG improved the, sensitivity of $^{l3}C-urea$ in the human volunteers. The capsule [$^{l3}C-urea/PEG$ (38/1.9 mg/cap)] was stable for at least six months in 25 and $37^{\circ}C$. Thus, a PEG-containing capsule, [$^{l3}C-urea/PEG$ (38/1.9 mg/cap)] would be a more economical, sensitive and stable preparation for diagnosis of H. pylori.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.89 no.2
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• pp.161-166
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• 2000

Classified handmade Korean paper which has been commonly used as the material for the paper cultural assets divide into four classes. We irradiated xenon arc lamp, which has almost the same spectrum distribution as natural sunlight, to test photo-induced of discoloration according to PEG molecular weight and concentration. So, we reach the followings. 1) Unbleached handmade Korean paper with PEG showed rapid decrease of brightness for 10 hours after photo-irradiation, regardless of molecular weight of PEG, but, after 10 hours, it showed gradual increase of brightness. From this, it proved that there was an effect of preventing discoloration of photo-irradiation. 2) Chemical bleached handmade Korean paper showed increase of brightness after 20 hours. Though time was delayed in increase of brightness, there was also an effect of preventing discoloration of photo-irradiation in chemical bleached paper. 3) Handmade Korean paper made with abet-mosk showed the lowest of brightness when it was tested on 400-20% PEG. Before photo-irradiation, the brightness of paper, applied it, was the lowest, but it showed the least difference of brightness after photo-irradiation. From this, it proved that there was the greatest effect of preventing discoloration in this paper. 4) Preventing yellowish, the first phenomena by photo-irradiation ageing with applying PEG was proved that there was the decrease of value of $b^*$ +, and increase value of $L^*$, which could fairly prevent decrease of brightness.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.187-190
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• 2005

Silk fibroin (SF) films were prepared using various plasticizers and their physical properties were determined. Polyethylene glycol (PEG)-SF and polypropylene glycol (PPG)-SF films had tensile strengths (TS) of 23.71 MPa and 24.51 MPa, respectively, whereas the glycerol (G)-SF film had the lowest TS of 14.24 MPa. G-SF film had the highest $\%$ elongation, compared to PPG-SF and PEG-SF films. Water vapor permeability (WVP) of SF films varied with addition of plasticizers, and PEG-SF film had the lowest WVP. There was no significant difference in Hunter L value among treatments, but PEG-SF film had higher Hunter a and b values. These results suggest that SF film could be applied to food packaging and that the addition of plasticizers should improve the physical properties of SF film.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.112-117
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• 2000

This study was conducted to evaluate the drought tolerance of Japonica and Indica rice cultivars during germinating and seedling stages by using the polyethylene glycol (PEG) solution. Each 5 cultivars of Japonica and Indica were cultured from 14 days after seeding(DAS) to 21 DAS using the PEG solution in a moderate water potential (-0.63 MPa). The lengths of radicle and plumule during the germinating stage were inhibitied by the PEG treatment to about 50% and 85%, respectively. The application of PEG to the seedling of two rice types caused to inhibit the plant height and leaf age about 23 % and 10%, respectively. Shoot and root dry weights by PEG treatment were inhibited more severely in Japonica than those in Indica. The difference on delaying of leaf area expansion between both rice types was not found with treatment of PEG, while the leaf color was increased in both Japonica and Indica by 19.9% and 9.2%, respectively. The average photosynthetic ability was inhibited more in Japonica to 36.0% than did Indica to 27.9%. The stomatal conductance was severely affected by PEG treatment, and the degree was varied in both rice types, ranged with 80-85% in Japonica and 29.3-81.6% in Indica. These results indicate there is little relationship between seed germination and seedling growth under the stress of low water potential.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.101-106
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• 2024

Current cold chain logistics relying on organic or eutectic materials within the 2~8℃ range as secondary fluids often face limitations in heat storage capacity, necessitating high energy consumption and large volume capacity. An effective approach to address this challenge is by incorporating polymers to enhance the heat storage capacity of eutectic materials. In this study, we investigated the impact of polyethylene glycols (PEGs) on phase change materials using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), analyses of endothermic and exothermic phase change processes, and an accelerated thermal cycling test. Our findings indicate that the introduction of PEGs into the phase change materials can lead to improvements in latent heat, thermal conductivity, and 2~8℃ retention time. This enhancement is attributed to the high latent heat and thermal conductivity of the polymer, along with its ability to inhibit crystal formation in the eutectic mixture.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.46 no.11
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• pp.1089-1094
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• 2003

Purpose : Polyethylene glycol(PEG) with electrolytes has been used for intestinal clearance for colonoscopy and operations in children. But its efficacy and safety for disimpaction in children with chronic functional constipation has been studied little. Methods : This study enrolled 26 patients with chronic functional constipation(11 children had failed to disimpaction by conventional management at OPD) who were admitted to the Eul-Ji Hospital between May 2000 and July 2003. PEG with electrolytes was administered per oral and/or rectal enema. We observed the effects for disimpaction by measuring the frequency and consistency of stools, and by simple abdominal X-ray. We evaluated the safety by measuring serum electrolytes and osmolarity in three hours after PEG with electrolytes administration, and by observation of the clinical status of the patients. The protocol of PEG with electrolytes was a dose of 60-80 mL/kg within three hours per oral and/or of 15-25 mL/kg by rectal enema. Results : In all patients, simple abdominal X-ray films showed improvements of fecal impaction. Consistency and frequency of stool were improved in all patients except one. As for side effects, diarrhea developed in three patients(11.5% of all patients). Headaches developed in one patient(3.8% of all patients) but it improved without treatment. Serum electrolytes was checked in 16 patients after PEG with electrolytes management and mild hypernatremia(146 mmol/L) was checked in one patient. Serum osmolarity was checked in 11 patients after PEG with electrolytes management and was normal in all patients. Conclusion : PEG with electrolytes was effective and safe for disimpaction in children with chronic functional constipation, including patients who had failed in disimpaction by conventional management.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.169-174
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• 2009

Silicone hydrogels incorporated with poly(ethylene glycol)(PEG) were prepared and characterized to evaluate the effects of PEG on contact lenses. The silicone hydrogels were copolymerized with methacryloxypropyl tris(trimethylsiloxy) silane (TRIS), methyl methacrylate (MMA), N,N-dimethyl acrylamide (DMA) and PEG-containing monomers such as poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (PEG- MEM). The silicone hydrogels were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), electron spectroscopy of chemical analysis (ESCA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Water absorbance, water contact angle and light transmittance of the silicone hydrogels were evaluated. The experiments of protein adsorption were also carried out to evaluate the protein adsorption in tears. The peak intensity of C-O bond was increased by the incorporation of PEG-containing monomers and thus PEG incorporation into silicone hydrogels could be confirmed. Phase separation was not shown by the SEM observation of the cross-section of silicone hydrogels. Water absorbancy was increased, while water contact angle and light transmittance were decreased with increasing incorporation of the PEG-containing monomers. The absorption of proteins in tears, albumin, lysozyme and $\gamma$-globulin, on the surface of silicone hydrogels was decreased with increasing incorporation of the PEG-containing monomers.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.877-882
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• 2015

This study was carried out treatment of polyethylene glycol (PEG) in order to increase of survival rate of acclimated plants of strawberry's in vitro plantlets through bioreactor culture. We used PEG with molecular weight 6000 (PEG 6000) in this study. Concentration of PEG is non-treatment, 5, 10, 15, and $20g{\cdot}L^{-1}$ each bioreactor. $5g{\cdot}L^{-1}$ of PEG was treated at $1^{st}$, $2^{nd}$, $3^{rd}$, $4^{th}$, and $5^{th}$ week during culture. We investigated growth characteristics of in vitro plantlets after 6 weeks cultivation. Growth amount of all PEG treatment decreased as compared to non-treatment. The more concentration increased, the more plant growth decreased. In $5g{\cdot}L^{-1}$ of PEG, shoot length was shorter than non-treatment that shoot length was 7.9 cm and especially fresh weight that is 1.6 g was more decrease than non-treatment. Shoot length was ranged 3.0-3.9 cm at $1^{st}$ week treatment to $4^{th}$ week treatment of $5g{\cdot}L^{-1}$ PEG. The shoot length was not significant by 5.3 cm at $5^{th}$ week treatment. The survival rate was improved 5.4% at the treatment of $4^{th}$ week and was improved 8.7% at the $5^{th}$ week as compared to non-treatment. In order to improve of survival rate of strawberry' in vitro plantlets through bioreactor culture, the method is suitable that adding $5g{\cdot}L^{-1}$ of PEG in the medium and $5^{th}$ week's treatment is suitable.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.628-634
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• 2005

Zirconia-alumina polymer precursor was prepared from zirconium acetylacetonate (ZA). paluminium nitrate (AN), polyethylene glycol (PEG), and ethyl alcohol via an organic-inorganic solution technique. The thermal properties and viscosity of the polymer precursor were measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermograbimetric analyzer (TGA), and dynamic viscometer. The vigorous exothermic reaction with volume expansion occurred at $140^{\circ}C$. The volume expansion was caused by abrupt decomposition of the organic group in metal compounds and the metal ions-PEG reaction. The evidences for these reactions were confirmed by FT-IR and $^{13}C$ solid NMR results. The peak intensity at N-O, O-H and C=C decreased with increasing temperature. This indicated that the decomposition of metal compounds and the metal ions-PEG reaction occurred during the vigorous exothermic reaction. At $800^{\circ}C$ for 2 h, the porous powders transformed to the crystalline $ZrO_2-Al_2O_3$ composites.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.53 no.7
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• pp.741-744
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• 2010

Purpose: To evaluate the long-term safety of polyethylene glycol (PEG) 4000 in children with constipation, particularly the biochemical aspects of safety. Methods: Medical records were evaluated, and 100 children, who had been taking PEG 4000 for more than 6 months, and who had been under clinical and biochemical monitoring, were enrolled. Ages; $6.11{\pm}3.12$ years, Duration of therapy; $16.93{\pm}7.02$ months, dose of PEG 4000; $0.72{\pm}0.21g/kg/d$. Results: None of the children complained of clinical adverse effect. The first biochemical test was performed at 8.05 months after beginning of PEG 4000. Serum phosphate (SP) value was high in 10 children, and leucopenia was noted in one child. The second test was performed in 44 children at 7.57 months after the first test. The SP value was high in four children, including the three children whose initial SP value was high and one new child. Six out of 10 children with high initial SP value became normal and one was lost. Hypernatremia was noted in one child. The third test was done in 15 children at 7.5 months after the second test. The SP value of the new child from the second test was high, but became normal after finishing treatment. Two out of 3 children with high SP value at the second test became normal and one was lost. The fourth test was done in 2 children few months after the third test. All of the results were normal. There were no relation between duration of therapy and hyperphosphatemia, or between dose of PEG 4000 and hyperphosphatemia. Conclusions: PEG 4000 is safe for long-term therapy in children with constipation with respect to biochemical parameters.