• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.28-35
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• 2007

Accumulated epidemiological and animal studies have suggested that prolonged exposure to ambient particulate matter (PM) is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and pulmonary dysfunction. While diesel exhaust particles (DEP) contain large variety of compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a dominant component contaminated in DEP. This article reviews effects of two PAH quinones, 9,10-phenanthraquinone (9,10-PQ) and l,2-naphthoquinone (l,2-NQ), on vascular and respiratory systems.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.35-42
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• 2011

In order to understand effect of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) on shell repair of the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas, shell regeneration experiments were carried out using oysters drilled a hole on the right valve. The change of pH and hemocytic characteristics in both extrapallial fluid and hemolymph were observed during the shell repair. The thickness of mantle tissue was apparently decreased, while necrosis in epithelium and periostracal gland was increased in response to PAH exposure. Our finding suggested that PAH could adversely influence on shell repair.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.13 no.9
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• pp.819-826
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• 2004

In order to elucidate the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon concentration and its origin in arctic area, four arctic brown algae (Laminaria saccharina, L. digita, Alaria esculenta, Desmarestia aculeata), one marine invertebrate (Echinoidea) and sediments were collected from Kongsfjorden in Spitsbergen from the late July to early August, 2003. In case of macroalgae, the young blade part above growth point and the old stipes and blades beneath growth point were separated and analyzed for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in an attempt to check the mechanism of uptake in macroalgae to accumulate PAH. There was no difference in PAH concentrations between sampling sites (Stations B and C), species, and blades beneath and above growth point. PAH concentrations in all samples collected in this study were relatively higher than those reported in other areas of arctic. Especially, station C, which is known as an unpolluted area, showed 10 times higher PAH concentration (8,765 ng/g) in sediment than station A (694 ng/g) around harbor. In addition high PAH concentration, station C had very higher proportion of methylated PAH to parent PAH in sediment than station A. Source analysis using PAH isomer pair ratios as indicators showed that Kongsfjorden area seemed to be relatively contaminated with PAH derived from direct petroleum input.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.38-42
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• 2002

The strain KKI isolated from soil contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons was identified as Pseundomonas sp. based on analyses by MIDI and Biolog Identification System. Cellular and physiological responses of strain KKI to two-ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, naphthalene were evaluated using radiorespirometry, PLFAs and sequence analysis of Rieske-type iron sulfur center of dioxygenase. KKI was found to be able to rapidly mineralize naphthalene. Notably, KKI cells pregrown on phenanthrene were able to mineralize naphthalene much more rapidly than naphthalenepregrown cells. The total cellular fatty acids of KKI were comprised of eleven C-even and two C-odd fatty acids (fatty acids < 0.2% in abundance were not considered in this calculation). Lipids 12:0 2OH, 12:03 OH, 16:0, 18:1 6c, 18:0 increased for naphthalene-exposed cells, while lipids 18:1 7c1/15:0 ism 2OH, 17:0 cyclo, 18:1 7c, 19:0 cyclo decreased. Data from Northern hybridization using a naphthalene dixoygenase gene fragment cloned out from KKI as a probe provided the information that naphthalene dioxygenase gene was more highly expressed in cells grown on phenanthrene than naphthalene.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.107-114
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• 2010

To evaluate the culture conditions in oyster-farming waters, chemical and biological measurements were made in seawater and oysters from six bays around Tongyeong in November and December 2003. Nutrient levels in the seawater were higher in the western area than in the eastern area, in contrast to particulate organic matter and dissolved oxygen levels. The mean total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon ({\sum}PAH) content of the oysters was 194.5-375.9 ng/g dry weight, with four-ring compounds constituting 34.1%-79.6% of PAH. Despite wide temporal variations, a "western > eastern" spatial distribution of PAH was apparent. These low concentrations of PAHs indicate that Tongyeong waters are pristine in terms of PAH contamination. Among the hemocytic biomarkers, only lysosomal activity was significantly reduced in Hansan-Goje Bay, but did not correlate closely with PAH content. This finding indicates that the impact of PAH on cultured oysters is negligible around Tongyeong waters.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.19-27
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• 2007

Hazardous polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and nitropolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (NPAHs) are mainly originated from imperfect combustion of fossil fuels such as petroleum and coal. The consumptions of not only petroleum but also coal have been increasing in the East Asian countries. This review describes the result of international collaboration research concerning characteristics and major contributors of atmospheric PAHs and NPAHs in cities in Japan, Korea, China and Russia. We collected airborne particulates in ten cities in the above countries and six PAHs and eleven NPAHs were determined by HPLC methods using fluorescence and chemiluminescence detections. The total PAH concentrations were much higher in Chinese cities (Fushun, Tieling, Shenyang and Beijing) than those in other cities (Vladivostok, Busan, Kanazawa, Kitakyushu, Sapporo and Tokyo). The total NPAH concentrations were also higher in Chinese cities than those in the other cities. The [NPAH]/[corresponding PAH] ratios are much larger in diesel-engine exhaust particulates than those in coal-burning particulates. The [1-nitropyrene]/[pyrene] ratio of airborne particulates was much smaller in the four Chinese cities, suggesting that coal combustion systems such as coal heaters were the main contributors. On the other hand, the ratios were larger in Korean and Japanese cities, suggesting the large contribution of diesel-engine vehicles.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.90-98
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• 2016

Total suspended particulates (TSP) in the atmosphere were collected for 2 weeks during winter in Muroran, Hokkaido, Japan, a typical iron-manufacturing city. The concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and nitropolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (NPAHs) in TSP were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using fluorescence and chemiluminescence detectors, respectively. No relationship was observed between the atmospheric PAH and NPAH concentration, or the atmospheric PAH and TSP concentration. However, there was a tendency that the atmospheric PAH concentration was higher when the wind blew from the coke-oven plant. Furthermore, the concentration ratios of 1-nitropyrene to pyrene, which is a suitable indicator of the contribution made by automobiles and coal combustion systems to urban air particulates, were smaller in Muroran and the values were close to those observed in particulates from coal combustion systems. Therefore, these results show that the PAH and NPAH compositions for Muroran are characteristic of an iron-manufacturing city.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.20 no.3 s.50
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• pp.223-228
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• 2005

Rockfish Sebastes schlegeli was exposed to fluoranthene, a ubiquitous polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, at 1 and 10 $\mu$g/L for 4 weeks followed by depuration period of 8 weeks. Although the fluoranthene in the p]asma reached only 1.8$\~$1.9 times seawater concentration, it was 6.5 $\~$ 15.7 times higher in the liver, spleen and bile indicating efficient accumulation in the lipid -containing body tissues. When the exposed fish were then maintained in clean water, rapid fluoranthene decline occurred in the initial 2 weeks followed by a rather slow phase. This result suggests that fluoranthene accumulates efficiently provided the existence in the culture medium, but the contaminant disappears rapidly once the chemical source is removed. The fluoranthne residue in fish tissues my be a good indifator for relent PAHs exposure.

• Proceedings of the Zoological Society Korea Conference
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• 1998.10b
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• pp.94-94
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• 1998

No Abstract, See Full Text

• Proceedings of the Zoological Society Korea Conference
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• 1995.10b
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• pp.167.1-167
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• 1995

No Abstract, See Full Text