• 분석과학
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.446-452
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• 2015

본 숙련도 시험 프로그램은 ABS (acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene) 수지 중 브롬계 난연제 PBDE들에 대한 국내 시험소들의 분석능력을 평가하고 향상시키기 위해 ISO/IEC 17043에 준하여 한국표준과학연구원(KRISS)이 수행하였다. 숙련도시험 물질은 PBDE류 (BDE-154, 183, 206, 209)가 첨가된 10 그램의 알갱이 형 ABS였으며 KRISS에서 균질성과 안정성을 확인한 후 사용되었다. KRISS에서는 확립한 국가 표준을 기반으로 숙련도시험 물질에 포함된 각 PBDE들의 인증값을 계산하였으며 숙련도 시험의 설정값으로 하였다. 숙련도 시험에는 16개 시험소들이 참여하였으며 측정방법은 각 시험소들이 서비스에 사용하는 일상적인 방법을 사용하도록 하였다. 참여 시험소들의 분석 능력을 평가하기 위해 ISO/IEC 17043의 z-score법을 사용하였으며 비밀보장을 위해 각 참여 시험소에 고유번호를 부여하였다. z-score는 이상치를 제외한 참여자들의 표준편차를 사용하여 계산하였다. 본 논문에서는 숙련도 시험의 결과, 참가 실험실 평가결과 그리고 숙련도시험을 통한 정확도 향상에 대하여 기술하였다.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.629-636
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• 2014

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) as flame-retardant additives have been used in a wide array of products, including building materials, electronics, furnishings, motor vehicles, airplanes, plastics, polyurethane foams, and textiles. They are structurally similar to PCBs and other polyhalogenated compounds. PBDEs are found in a variety of foods, and 95% of all human exposure to POPs comes from food. The major food sources are fish/seafood and dairy products. A number of studies have reported high levels of PBDEs in animals, increasing the public's concern over PBDE levels in animals. This study evaluates the relationship between the level of PBDEs according to piglet diseases. Salmonella spp. and Streptococcus are bacterial diseases. Porcine respiratory reproductive syndrome (PRRS) is a viral disease. The concentration of PBDEs in the piglet liver from viral diseases was higher than that from bacterial diseases. BDE-47 and BDE-99 were detected in most samples. More PBDEs were detected in the piglet liver from PRRS of North American type than from that of European type.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.255-263
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• 2012

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are a group of brominated flame retardants (BFRs), which are used in a variety of consumer products. Several of those are produced in large quantities. Their chemical structure similarities to polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), as well as their toxicity, has been studied. PBDEs are persistent and lipophilic, which results in their bioaccumulation in the fatty tissues of organisms and enrichment throughout food chains. In addition, a number of studies also reported high levels of PBDEs in animals and food resulting from the use of contaminated animal feed Public concern about PBDEs levels in animals and food has been raised. Feed contamination by toxic chemicals has been the cause of the contamination of poultry products. The purpose of this study was to evaluate PBDEs in pig feed to search the origin chase of POPs in pigs. Feed samples were obtained wheat from East Europe, corn from South America and America, soybean meal from Korea, America, South America and India and tallow from Korea. The preparation of samples was based on the EPA method 1614. Instrumental analysis was based on the use of high resolution gas chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry (HRGC/HRMS). Quantification was carried out by the isotopic dilution method. The analysis of ${\Sigma}PBDEs$ involved 22 PBDE congeners, including BDE-17, 28, 47, 49, 66, 71, 77, 85, 99, 100, 119, 126, 138, 153, 154, 156, 183, 184, 190, 191, 196 and 197.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.754-768
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• 2017

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are a group of industrial aromatic organobromine chemicals that have been used since the 1970s as flame retardants in a wide range of consumer products and articles, including plastics, computers, textiles and upholstery. Commercial PBDEs were added to Annex A of the Stockholm Convention as persistent organic pollutants in May 2009. PBDEs are still frequently found in sludge and effluent from wastewater treatment plants, even though commercial PBDEs were prohibited or voluntarily phased out several years ago. Conventional wastewater treatment processes are not designed to effectively remove PBDEs. This indicates that there is an urgent need for new developments and improvements to enhance upon the treatment techniques which are currently available. Several studies have suggested the potential removal and degradation technologies for PBDEs in wastewater. In this study, the concentrations and compositional profiles of PBDE congeners in sludge and effluent are investigated by analyzing the relevant literature data in relation to their usage patterns in commercial products in North America and South Korea. The strengths and weaknesses of the current PBDEs removal techniques (i.e., biodegradation, zero-valent iron, photolysis, sorption, etc.) are discussed critically. In addition, future research direction regarding the treatment and removal of PBDEs from wastewater is also suggested, based on the literature review.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.427-436
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• 2010

본 연구는 마산만 특별관리해역 관리범위에 속해있는 총 18개 지점을 선정하여 표층 퇴적물 내 폴리브롬화디페닐에테르(PBDEs)의 공간적 농도분포와 오염경로를 조사하였다. 22개의 PBDE 이성질체가 검출되었으며, BDE-209는 가장 주된 이성질체로 검출되었다. BDE-209와 ${\Sigma}_{21}$PBDEs (BDE-209를 제외한 나머지 이성질체의 합)의 농도범위는 각각 2.32~64.2 ng/g, 0.72~8.24 ng/g이었다. 마산만에서 BDE~209 및 ${\Sigma}_{21}$PBDEs의 공간적 농도분포는 내만에서 외만으로 갈수록 감소하였다. PBDEs의 주오염원은 내만의 유입하천수과 하수처리장 방류수이었다. 마산만에서 PBDEs의 오염 수준을 결정하는 주요 인자는 육상기인 오염원 거리와 해수의 유동에 따른 퇴적물의 이동성 및 특성으로 나타났다.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.297-304
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• 2011

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are a class of "brominated" (bromine containing) man-made chemicals used as flame retardant additives in plastics, foams, and textiles. PBDEs are found in various environmental contaminants in air, soil, sediment, and water, and 209 individual forms (congeners) of PBDE exist. Among these, 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) is the dominant congener found in the environment. Exposure to BDE-47 is now worldwide, and levels of BDE-47 have been detected in the blood of animals, including humans. BDE-47 can adversely affect the developmental system in both humans and animals. BDEs have structural similarities to polychlorinated biphenyls and thyroid hormones. However, recent studies have shown that BDEs may act as hormonal disrupting chemicals with detrimental effects. Therefore, a reliable assessment of BDE-47 toxicological action is required to understand the detrimental impacts of BDE-47 on human health. In this review, we overview recent studies on the distribution and potential toxicological effects of BDE-47 in humans and animals.

• 분석과학
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.109-114
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• 2007

본 연구에서는 폴리머 재질로부터 시료를 분리하기 위하여 속실렛 추출방법과 용해-침전법이 적용되어졌다. 속실렛 추출의 경우 DCM, Toluene, THF, Acetone/Hexane (1:4, v/v)의 용매가 높은 효율을 나타내는 반면, ethyl ether, acetone/ethyl ether (1:4, v/v), acetone/hexane (1:1, v/v), DCM/hexane (1:1, v/v) 용매는 낮은 효율을 보였다. 용해-침전 방법의 경우 용해를 위해 사용된 용매에 따른 차이는 없었다. 다층실리카겔 컬럼과 플로리실 컬럼의 분획실험 결과 각각 hexane 250 mL와 70 mL로 최적 용래량이 결정되었다. 실제 폐 플라스틱 분석 결과 N.D.~1028 ppm인 것으로 조사되었다.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.247-262
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• 2011

This study assessed the health risks of childhood exposure to PBDEs via different possible pathways in children's facilities and indoor playgrounds. When PBDE contamination was measured, it was determined through multiple routes, including inhalation of indoor dust, dermal contact with product surfaces and children's hands, and incidental dust ingestion. Samples were collected from various children's facilities (playrooms, daycare centers, kindergartens, and indoor playgrounds) during summer (Jul-Sep, 2007) and winter (Jan-Feb, 2008). The hazard index (HI) was estimated for non-carcinogens, and PBDEs, such as TeBDE, PeBDE, HxBDE, and DeBDE, were examined. The sensitivity to the compounds did not exceed 1.0 (HI) for any of the subjects in any facility. However, current data about toxicity does not reflect effects that were fully sensitive in children, so there is uncertainty in the dose-response data. The contribution rates of PBDEs were 71.4 to 96.1% and 3.7 to 28.2% for intake and inhalation exposure, respectively, indicating that intake of floor dust and inhalation are the primary routes.