• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.247-256
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• 2008

줄포만 갯벌의 체계적이고 과학적인 관리를 위하여 갯벌 퇴적물을 대상으로 입도특성 및 유기물 그리고 중금속 조사를 실시하였고, 퇴적물중의 중금속 오염도를 평가하였다. 줄포만 전체 갯벌의 입도는 연안과 직각방향인 F라인에서 대부분 Clay질이 우세한 반면, 만의 연안측면에 위치한 R과 L라인에서 Silt질이 우세한 것으로 나타나서 Silt-Clay 또는 Clay-Silt가 대부분이었다. 평균입경은 3.7 ${\phi}{\sim}$ 10.4 ${\phi}$의 범위로 평균 7 ${\phi}$ 이상의 높은 평균입도를 나타내어 퇴적물 분류학상 세립질 퇴적물(4 ${\phi}$ 이상)에 해당되었다. 퇴적물의 유기물 농도는 연안에서 직각방향으로 뻗은 F라인에서 높게 나타난 반면, 연안 측면을 따라 조사된 L과 R라인에서 상대적으로 낮게 나타났다. 갯벌 퇴적물의 중금속 분포를 보면 연안의 직각방향인 F라인보다 연안측면의 R과 L라인에서 대체적으로 높은 중금속 농도를 나타내고 있었다. 유기물과 입도는 양호한 상관성을 보였고, 입도 평균치와 중금속의 일부 원소와 양호한 상관성을 나타내었지만, 중금속 원소간에는 약간의 상관성은 있었으나 대체적으로 낮은 상관계수를 보였다. 중금속 오염도 평가를 위하여 미국 EPA와 NOAA 그리고 한국 환경정책평가연구원에서 제시한 중금속 오염기준을 적용해 보았다. 줄포만 갯벌퇴적물의 중금속 오염도는 미국 EPA 기준에서 항목별 편차는 있었으나 대부분이 Nonpolluted와 Moderaterly polluted에 속하였고, NOAA의 기준에서는 대부분이 ERL 이하의 오염수준을 보였다. 한국 환경정책평가연구원에서 제시한 기준안에서는 대부분이 목표수준 이하의 값을 나타내었다.

• 보존과학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.145-154
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• 2011

본 연구는 2008년 6월에서 11월까지 국내 9기의 석조문화재를 대상으로 색에 따른 오염등급의 평가와 생물오염피복도를 조사하였다. 생물오염피복도는 홍천물걸리삼층석탑, 수타사삼층석탑 및 수타사홍우당부도에서 90% 정도로 나타났으며, 선태류의 생물오염피복도가 15~23%의 범위로 생물오염이 가장 심한 것으로 나타났다. 색에 따른 생물오염등급은 괘석리사사자삼층석탑, 수타사삼층석탑, 수타사홍우당부도가 등급 5로 오염등급이 가장 높았으며, 여주창리삼층석탑이 등급 2로 양호하게 나타났다. 상관분석 결과 생물오염등급과 지의류의 생물오염피복도는 높은 상관성(r=0.91)을 나타냈지만, 기중조류와 선태류의 생물피복도와는 상관성은 낮게 나타나 이에 대한 보완이 필요할 것으로 판단된다. 각 출현종과 생물오염피복도(선태류, 지의류, 기중조류)의 상관분석결과 선태류의 생물피복도와 Cosmarium decedens, Chlorella ellipsoidea, Anabaena fertilissima, Botryococcus braunii, Chroococcus turgidus, Navicula cryptocephala 및 Xenococcus acervatus가 상관계수 0.56~085의 범위로 높은 상관성을 나타냈다. 지의류의 생물피복도는 Trebouxia sp. 및 Chroococcus varius와 상관계수 0.50 및 0.43으로 나타났으며, 기중조류의 생물오염피복도는 Achnanthes laterostrata 및 Ulothrix zonata와 상관계수 0.76 및 0.57의 상관성을 나타냈다. 생물오염피복도와 상관성이 높은 기중조류는 출현 경향성이 대체로 뚜렷하게 나타나, 지표종으로 유용하게 사용될 수 있을 것이라 판단된다.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.77-89
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• 2001

The research is intended to evaluate the soil pollution quality of Chungbuk province with Soil Network which is executed every year. The survey executed with Soil Network in 1999 represented that the soil quality of Chungbuk province was relatively good as the average concentrations of contaminants in soil were Cd: 0.146 mg/17g, Cu: 3.143 mgHg, As: 0.636 mg/kg, Hg: 0.012 mg/kg, Pb): 4.505 mg/kg, $Cr^{+6}$ not detected, and the average pH was 6.1. The reckoned soil Pollution score (SPS) of Chungbuk province has been shown much low SPS distribution in the range from 1.6 to 141.7, average 31.0. However, it has been represented relatively high SPS distribution at Chungju, Tanyang, and Chinchon, respectively, It also huts represented high SPS distribution not only at agricultural area and waste area for the Pollution sources but at a paddy field and dry field for land use. The classification of soil pollution class(SPC) based on soil pollution score(SPS) was SPC 1 under 100 of SPS at 212 areas which were 98.6% of total 215 areas and SPC 2 over 100 of SPS at only three area left. There was no area exceeding soil pollution value among the whole Soil Network areas investigated, and the whole average for each items was much lower level th퍼n soil Pollution value was. When the average concentration of heavy metals and the average pH in soil of Chungbuk province are compared with the natural contents of that in Korea, the research is concluded that the average concentration of heavy met is relatively similar to the natural contents of that and the average pH in soil of Chungbuk province is a little higher than the natural contents of that. From this method, soil quality of most of the Soil Network area was estimated to be healthy.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제30권
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• pp.10.1-10.14
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• 2015

Recent cohort studies have relied on exposure prediction models to estimate individual-level air pollution concentrations because individual air pollution measurements are not available for cohort locations. For such prediction models, geographic variables related to pollution sources are important inputs. We demonstrated the computation process of geographic variables mostly recorded in 2010 at regulatory air pollution monitoring sites in South Korea. On the basis of previous studies, we finalized a list of 313 geographic variables related to air pollution sources in eight categories including traffic, demographic characteristics, land use, transportation facilities, physical geography, emissions, vegetation, and altitude. We then obtained data from different sources such as the Statistics Geographic Information Service and Korean Transport Database. After integrating all available data to a single database by matching coordinate systems and converting non-spatial data to spatial data, we computed geographic variables at 294 regulatory monitoring sites in South Korea. The data integration and variable computation were performed by using ArcGIS version 10.2 (ESRI Inc., Redlands, CA, USA). For traffic, we computed the distances to the nearest roads and the sums of road lengths within different sizes of circular buffers. In addition, we calculated the numbers of residents, households, housing buildings, companies, and employees within the buffers. The percentages of areas for different types of land use compared to total areas were calculated within the buffers. For transportation facilities and physical geography, we computed the distances to the closest public transportation depots and the boundary lines. The vegetation index and altitude were estimated at a given location by using satellite data. The summary statistics of geographic variables in Seoul across monitoring sites showed different patterns between urban background and urban roadside sites. This study provided practical knowledge on the computation process of geographic variables in South Korea, which will improve air pollution prediction models and contribute to subsequent health analyses.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.73-82
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• 2009

The traffic volume of Seoul is extremely high in comparison to other major cities in Korea, and the result has been harmful physical and mental exposure to pollution by Seoulites on a regular basis. The street air pollution is more important than the others, because the air pollution generated by street traffic directly impacts the health of nearby pedestrians. This problem requires urgent attention and resolution. Among the factors creating the air pollution originating from the street, is the configuration of streets, which have emerged as the most significant because it is related to air and pollutant dispersion. Therefore, this study was conducted under the assumption that street form affects the air quality. Study sites were classified by street characteristics, and air quality was analyzed in each class. Then the OSPM (Operational Street Pollution Model) was employed to simulate the relationship between street configuration and air quality of streets within the old city center and new city center in Seoul. After that this study analyzed the correlation between air pollution and the spatial configuration of urban streets (ex. street width, building height, building density, etc.) to determine their contributions to air pollution. The outcome of this study is as follows : First, the result that was derived from the correlation analysis between street configuration and air quality hewed that the air pollution of the street is influenced by the average height of building, width of the roads as well as traffic volume. On the roadside, the concentration level of $NO_2$ is mainly affected by the average height of building and the deviation of building height along the street and CO is affected by street width. The outcome of this study can be used as a basis for more sound urban design policies, and the promotion of desirable street environments for pedestrians.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.307-318
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• 2020

The integrated permit system is applied to class 1 and 2 atmospheric and water pollutant discharge facilities in 19 sectors. The fertilizer sector should receive a permit for a period of four years, from 2019 to 2023. The purpose of this study is to investigate the differences between the Korean Best Available Techniques (BAT) reference document (K-BREF) and the European Union BAT reference document (EU-BREF) in terms of the process and emission characteristics of fertilizer manufacture. K-BREF is written by focusing on products, whereas EU-BREF is produced on focusing on manufacture process. There are five types of BATs(best available techniques economically achievable) in Korea. These BATs selected mainly to recover and reuse raw meterials and save energy. The number of BATs and BAT-AELs(BAT associated emission level) in K-BREF is smaller than that in EU-BREF. We suggest that BATs and those environmental management parameters in Korea need to further reflect the emission characteristics in the fertilizer sector.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제22권10호
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• pp.214-222
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• 2022

In these proceedings, we will address the problem of air pollution on the premises of the Cement factory SHARRCEM L.L.C. in Hani Elezit in the Republic of Kosovo respectively around the clinker cooler, rotary kiln, and raw material mill. By air pollution, we mean the introduction of chemicals, particles, or other harmful materials into the atmosphere which in one way or another causing damage to the development of plants and organisms. Air pollution occurs when certain substances are released into the air, which depending on the quantitative level, can be harmful to human health, animals, and the environment in general. The analysis of air shows the influence of the extractive and processing industry on the chemical composition of air. Parameters analyzed though under control such as the case of carbon dioxide, due to the increasing production capacity of cement, the production of hundreds of thousands of cubic meters of CO₂ gas made CO₂ production a concern. With the purchase of the latest technology by the SHARCEM Factory in Hani Elezit, the amount of air pollution has been reduced and the allowed parameters of environmental pollution have been kept under control. Air pollutants are introduced into the atmosphere from various sources which change the composition of the atmosphere and affect the biotic environment.The concentration of air pollutants depends not only on the quantities that are emitted from the sources of air pollution but also on the ability of the atmosphere to absorb or disperse these emissions. Sources of air pollutants include vehicles, industry, indoor sources, and natural resources. There are some natural pollutants, such as natural fog, particles from volcanic eruptions, pollen grains, bacteria, and so on.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.57-68
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• 1995

Precipitation samples were collected by a wet-only automatic acid precipitation sampler at Kangwha island on the western coast in Korea, through January until December 1992. pH, electric conductivity and the concentrations of major water-soluble ion components such as N $H_{4}$$^{+}$, $Ca^{2+}$, $K^{+}$, $Mg^{2+}$, N $a^{+}$, N $O_{3}$$^{[-10]}$ , S $O_{4}$$^{2-}$ and C $l^{[-10]}$ were measured. From the result of checking the validity for assesment of pollution level of precipitation samples by pH using correlation analysis between pH and major components, and t-test of chemical composition between acid rain and non-acid rain, pH proved to be not satisfactory for its pillution level. A more comprehensive method is therefore required. In order to estimate the monthly analytical result of chemical composition of precipitation samples comprehensively, a cluster analysis was used among the various multivariate statistical analysis. As a result of making a cluster analysis for separating the monthly precipitation samples into homogeneous patterns by setting the concentrations of nine major water-soluble ion components as a variable, three homogeneous patterns were obtained. The first pattern was a group of months having average ion concentrations, the second a guoup of months having low ion concentration, and the third a group of months having high ion concentrations. Thus, it was indicated that the pollution level of precipitation was higher on February and lower on May, June, August and September than the other months. As a result, this analysis method could be estimated the chemical coposition of precipitation regionally as well as monthly.monthly.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.348-358
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• 2017

The process of evaluating and selecting the best available techniques presents various characteristics for each country. In the case of EU, BAT is selected through TWG meeting after first screening, mass and energy balance, impact assessment and decision support process. Korea has proposed four principles to select BAT that can be carbon neutral for each environmental infrastructure in order to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. In order to evaluate and select the best available technique, it is necessary to differentiate the method according to whether it is a technique generally applied at the current workplace, whether it is a single technique or a combination technique, and whether it is a technology technique or management technique. In the case of a single technique, it should be evaluated whether it is a technique applied in the workplace, excessive cost, superior environmental technique over BAT, and secondary environmental pollution. In the case of multiple techniques, it is necessary to examine whether the emission standards are met and whether the pollutants can be treated at the same level as BAT. In the case of BAT candidates for management techniques, whether or not they contribute directly or indirectly to lowering the emission level of pollutants can be an important evaluation item. In the case of environmental techniques that are not generally applied in the workplace, it is recommended that the following 8 steps be carried out, including those prescribed by law. In the first stage, the list of performance evaluation factors is listed. In the second stage, the level of disposal of pollutants and the level of satisfaction with standards are listed. In the third stage, the environmental evaluation elements are listed. In the fourth stage, Is to list the economic evaluation elements, step 6 is to list the pollution and accident prevention evaluation factors, step 7 is the quantitative evaluation of the technical working group, and step 8 is BAT confirmation through deliberation of the central environmental policy committee.

• Ocean Science Journal
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.127-143
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• 2005

The taxonomic sufficiency approach has been proposed as a surrogate for the typical analysis of species-abundance data, especially in conditions involving prominent pollution gradients. Here, we evaluate the use of taxonomic sufficiency with infralittoral macrobenthic data derived from samples taken in a moderate polluted subtropical environment in southeastern Brazil, analysing five taxonomic levels and including two functional levels throughout polychaete feeding guilds and trophic groups. The data were collected seasonally at nine stations and studied for two abundance data series (0.5 and 1.0 mm sieve mesh-size). The results showed a similar ordination pattern between the two sieve mesh-size, but with the 0.5 mm sieve data a different pattern was observed during austral summer. A slight loss of information was detected using genus, family, polychaete species and their feeding guilds as taxonomic/functional units. These results together with those of the cost! benefit ratio, suggested that the family level seemed to be sufficient to detect the impact caused by moderate pollution in this shallow-water, subtropical environment. In additional, through the use of feeding guilds, similar patterns are obtained. Correlation analysis showed that chlorophyll a, total organic matter, zinc, and chromium sediment content were the variables that best explained the biological pattern observed and not always the best correlation coefficient occurring at the species level. The feeding guild approach seems to be useful and generates interpretable results similar to those obtained with the species level of the whole macroinfauna. The results showed an important cost reduction in the sample processing, suggesting that it is possible to adopt a coarser taxonomic level monitoring program even in species-rich communities.