• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제49권6호
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• pp.768-775
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• 2016

Heavy metal pollution in arable field is an critical problem due to crop safety. For this reason, national survey of heavy metal pollution in the arable field near at the industrial area has been conducted from 1999 in Korea. The main purpose of this research was to monitor heavy metal pollution in Chungnam/chungbuk province and to evaluate pollution index (PI) in soil. Total of 15 sampling locations were examined and average concentration of each heavy metals were following: As - $2.99{\pm}2.63$, Cd - $0.23{\pm}0.07$, Cu - $9.35{\pm}6.48$, Ni - $9.26{\pm}8.03$, Pb - $10.18{\pm}3.32$, Zn - $52.9{\pm}17.18$. No sampling site was exceeded threshold level of each heavy metals. Calculated PI in soil was ranged between 0.03 - 0.27 indicating that also no heavy metal pollution is occurred in examined sampling locations. Although, no heavy metal pollution was observed in the examined sites but monitoring of heavy metal pollution should be continued for possible accidental pollution in arable field near at the industrial area.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.799-811
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• 2019

The aim of this study was to evaluate heavy metal contamination and pollution index of agricultural soils around industrial complexes in the Jeon-Buk Regions of Korea. Soil samples near industrial complexes in 2017 were collected at two depths (0 - 15 and 15 - 30 cm) within a 500- and 1000-meter radius before planting. Eight heavy metals (Arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), Cupper (Cu), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg) and zinc (Zn)) and the pollution index (PI), geoaccumulation index (Igeo) and soil pollution index (SPI) were evaluated based on soil contamination warning standard (SCWS). Overall, the heavy metal concentrations were below the SCWS. The PI ranged from 0.1 to 0.9 and categorized into Group 1 which is not polluted with any heavy metals. The average Igeo values of all the soil samples ranged from - 2.56 to 3.22. The Igeo values of Cd and Hg may not represent well the pollution index because the heavy metal concentrations in the soil is lower compared to the SCWS. In fact, based on the heavy metal concentrations, the Igeo for monitored soils should be categorized into Group 1, uncontaminated to moderately contaminated. However, the Igeo of Cd and Hg are classified into heavily contaminated. These results suggest that for calculating the Igeo, the heavy metal concentration and background concentration should be used very carefully if the heavy metal concentration in the soil is lower than the background concentration. SPI for all the soil samples ranged from 0.00 to 0.11 which indicates no heavy metal pollution was observed.

• 한국지반신소재학회논문집
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.57-66
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 현장사례를 이용하여 석산개발이 주변 지역에 위치하는 토양 및 하천의 중금속오염에 미치는 영향을 분석하였으며, 분석결과를 비탕으로 중금속오염에 대한 대책방안을 제시하고자 하였다. 석산개발 부지 인근의 하천 및 토양의 중금속오염 조사결과, 석산개발로 인하여 발생된 미세석분 및 침출수가 삼막천으로 유입되면서 오염을 초래한 것으로 분석되었다. 또한 석산개발 주변지역의 중금속 오염도에 대해, 오염지수를 이용하여 평가한 결과, 오염된 지하수가 삼막천 오염의 주원인인 것으로 분석되었으며, 토양의 중금속오염은 오염된 지하수가 삼막천에 유입되어 중금속이 삼막천 하상에 퇴적된 것으로 확인되었다. 따라서 삼막천 오염의 주원인인 지하수에 대한 중금속 제어는 환경친화적인 반응물질이 적용된 투수성 반응벽체 (PRE, Permeable Reaction Barrier) 시스템을 통하여 수행하는 것이 바람직 할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.8-25
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• 2014

The aims of this study were to determine concentrations of selected metals in Asian and non-Asian dust collected in Daejeon, Korea between February 2008 and December 2008 and to estimate the pollution level. The geochemical analyses of Asian dust (AD) and Non Asian dust (NAD) show that the mean concentrations of As, Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn, Zr, Sb, Mo and S reached levels up to 16, 209, 31, 43, 81, 28, 31, 122 and 302 times higher, respectively, than those in uncontaminated Chinese desert soils. These results indicate that both AD and NAD serve as an atmospheric repository for trace and heavymetal accumulation. The the enrichment factor (EF) and pollution index (PI) show that AD and NAD were severely contaminated by S, Mo, Zr, Cd, Pb, Zn, Sb, Cu, and As. All indices for these metals showed either strong or notably high level of pollution relative to Chinese desert soil, principally due to the severe atmospheric pollution derived from anthropogenic activities in heavily industrial Chinese cities. Therefore, Mo, Cd, Zr, As, Cu, Sb, Pb, and Zn are the ones most strongly affected by anthropogenic inputs such as airborne pollutants.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제49권5호
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• pp.524-530
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• 2016

Agricultural soils near or around industrial complexes can contain a certain amount of heavy metals that readily enter the food chain and negatively affect human health. Therefore, we conducted the study to investigate the distribution of selected heavy metals, including arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), and zinc (Zn), in farm-land soils around fifteen industrial complexes in the southwestern provinces, Korea. The concentrations of heavy metals in the soil samples were determined by the pseudo-total aqua regia (3 HCl : $1HNO_3$) digestion procedure. The heavy metal concentrations in most soils examined did not exceed the levels of Soil Contamination Warning Standard (SCWS) for agricultural lands (Region 1) presented in Soil Environment Conservation Law (SECL) established by Ministry of Environment (MOE), Korea. However, only one sampling site showed higher As amount ($27.1mg\;kg^{-1}$) than the SCWS level of As ($25mg\;kg^{-1}$). Pollution index (PI) for heavy metals did not exceed 1.0. The PI values were significantly positively correlated (p < 0.01) with the heavy metal concentrations. In particular, the values of correlation coefficient between the Cd and Pb concentrations and the PI values were higher than those estimated from other combinations, and thus the amounts of Cd and Pb in the agricultural soils highly affected the PI values for the heavy metals.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.21-27
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to investigate the distribution and characteristics of heavy metals in the fallout dust deposits at the middle and high schools. We collected the samples at 60 schools in Kongju, Incheon and Daejeon on from September to November, 2001, and analyzed Cadmium(Cd), Copper(Cu), Lead(Pb) and Zinc(Zn) from them. Zn was the highest level as 551 $\pm$ 79.9 ppm, and the next order were Pb, Cu, and Cd as 146.0 $\pm$ 15.2 ppm, 98.7 $\pm$ 14.4 ppm and 5.21 $\pm$ 0.76 ppm, respectively. The rates of schools exceeding the soil environmental standards were 56.3% in Cd, 53.3% in Zn, 51.5% in Pb, and 31.7% in Cu, respectively. Cd and Pb were the highest levels at schools in Daejeon as 6.30 $\pm$ 0.87 ppm and 171 $\pm$ 26.1 ppm, respectively. Cu and Zn were the highest levels at schools in Incheon as 176.2 $\pm$ 55.8 ppm and 919.8 $\pm$ 185.7 ppm, respectively. At Incheon, Cu and Zn levels were significantly higher than Kongju(p=0.04l), and Daejeon(p=0.016), respectively. Total pollution index(PI) of heavy metals was 1.51 $\pm$ 0.16. PI was 2.00 $\pm$ 0.51 on Incheon, 1.50 $\pm$ 0.13 on Daejeon, and 0.92 $\pm$ 0.24 on Kongju. Correlations were 0.675 (p<0.05) between Cu and Cd, 0.663(p<0.05) between Cu and Zn, and 0.477 between Cd and Pb. In conclusion, Among heavy metals in the fallout dust deposits at schools, Cu and Zn were the highest levels at Incheon, Cd and Pb were the highest levels at Daejeon.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.245-257
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• 2022

Water quality characteristics and their spatial variations in the Nakdong River were statistically analyzed by multivariate techniques including correlation analysis, CA, and FA/PCA based on water quality parameters for 17 sites over 2017-2019, yielding PI values for primary factors. Site 10 indicated the highest parameter concentrations, and results of pearson's correlation analysis suggest that non-biodegradable organic matter had been distributed on the site. Five clusters were identified in order of descending pollution levels: I (Ib > Ia) > II (IIa > IIb) > III. Spatial variations started from sub-cluster Ib in which Daegu city and Geumho-river are joined. T-P, PO4-P, SS, COD, and TOC corresponded to VF 1 and 2, which were found to be principal components with strong influence on water quality. Sub-cluster Ib was strongly influenced by NO3-N and T-N compared to other clusters. According to the PIs, water quality pollution deteriorated due to non-biodegradable organic matter, nitrogen- and phosphorus-based nutrient salts in the middle and lower reaches, illustrating worsening water pollution due to inflows of anthropogenic sources on the Geumho-river, i.e., sewage and wastewater, discharged from Site 10, at which there is a concentration of urban, agricultural, and industrial areas.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.33-41
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• 2001

강원도 동남부에 위치한 옥동천 상류에는 많은 양의 휴폐광산 폐기물이 적절한 처리시설이 없는 상태로 방치되어 있고, 이들이 유실되어 하류의 토양, 물 및 저니토를 중금속으로 오염시키고 있는 실정이다. 본 연구의 목적은 광미댐에 적치된 광미중에 존재하는 중금속의 분획물을 조사하고, 각 분획물의 오염도 지수를 평가하는데 있다. 광미댐에서 광미를 깊이별로 채취하여 물리화학적 특성을 분석하였다. 광미의 pH는 7.3~7.9였고, 총 질소와 유기물 함량은 각각 3.2~5.5% 및 1.3~9.1%의 범위에 있었다. 신광재댐 광미의 중금속함량은 구광재댐 광미보다 높은 편이었다. 광미에 존재하는 중금속 별 총 함량은 Zn > Cu > Pb > Ni > Cd순(順) 이었으며, 이들의 농도는 토양환경보전법에서 지정한 산업지역의 대책기준을 상회하고 있었으며, 천연부존량보다 높았다. 중금속 분획물의 상대적분포는 residual > organic > reducible > carbonate > adsorbed순(順) 이었다. 총 농도에 비교하여 생물유효성 분획물의 농도는 매우 낮은 편이었다. 광재댐의 깊이별 중금속의 농도는 중금속의 종류에 따라 상이했다. 광재댐 표충의 Cu 농도는 심층의 농도보다 높았다. 총 농도를 기준으로 할 때 각 중금속 분획물의 오염도 지수는 4.27~8.51 범위에 있었다. 생물유효성 분획물의 오염도지수는 비유효성 분획물의 오염도 지수보다 낮았다. 광미에 존재하는 중금속 분획물의 농도와 오염도 지수에 관한 결과를 통해 광미는 중금속으로 인해 심각하게 오염된 상태이며, 유실될 경우 하류의 토양과 물 환경에 악영향을 미칠 잠재성을 지니고 있다고 판단되었다. 광미댐으로부터 광미의 유실을 방지할 수 있는 대책이 시급히 필요한 실정이다.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.63-69
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• 2020

The rapid development in modern industrialization pollutant the water and atmospheric air across the globe that have a major impact on the human and livings health. In worldwide, every country government increasing the importance to improve the outdoor air pollution monitoring and control to provide quality of life and prevent the citizens and livings life from hazard disease. We proposed the environmental dust level detection method for outdoor facilities using sensor fusion technology to measure precise micro-dust level and monitor in realtime. In this proposed approach use the camera sensor and commercial dust level sensor data to predict the micro-dust level with data fusion method. The camera sensor based dust level detection uses the optical flow based machine learning method to detect the dust level and then fused with commercial dust level sensor data to predict the precise micro-dust level of the outdoor facilities and send the dust level informations to the outdoor air pollution monitoring system. The proposed method implemented on raspberry pi based open-source hardware with Internet-of-Things (IoT) framework and evaluated the performance of the system in realtime. The experimental results confirm that the proposed micro-dust level detection is precise and reliable in sensing the air dust and pollution, which helps to indicate the change in the air pollution more precisely than the commercial sensor based method in some extent.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.626-634
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• 2005

본 연구에서는 강원도내 4개의 폐금속광산에서 발생되는 광미와 주변 토양의 중금속 오염현황 및 오염도를 평가하였다. 광미와 주변 토양의 오염정도는 총 중금속농도 기준으로 원동>제2연화>신예미${\fallingdotseq}$상동 순이었으며, 이들 광미는 배경토양 및 Kloke 값보다 각각 $1.2{\sim}78.2$와 $1.1{\sim}80.6$배가 높은 농도로서 주변 토양을 오염시키고 있었다. 광미내 대다수 중금속의 화합물형태는 잔류성이 대부분이었다. 비잔류형태 화합물에서는 상당부분이 환원성과 산화성이어서 장기간에 걸쳐 산화환경조건에 따라 중금속이 유출될 것으로 보이며 특히, 제2연화의 Cd은 교환성과 탄산염 화합물이 쉽게 유출되어 단기간에 주변 환경을 오염시킬 가능성이 클 것으로 판단된다. 우리나라 토양오염기준치의 초과여부 검토결과 많은 시료에서 토양환경보전법의 우려기준 및 대책기준 이상인 것으로 나타나 이에 대한 처리대책이 필요하였다. PI에 의한 오염도평가에서는 4개의 광산지역 모두 1.0 이상보다 훨씬 높아 오염정도가 심각하였으며 복원시 최우선 광산은 원동이었다. 또한, DI에 의한 복원수준정도 평가결과에서 원동광산은 단기간에 유출 가능한 교환성부터, 나머지 광산은 중 장기간에 걸쳐 유출되는 환원성부터 우선적으로 제거해야 할 것으로 나타났다.