• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.9-17
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• 2014

PURPOSES : The purpose of this study is to assess removal efficiency of non-point pollutants and applicability for non-point pollutant reduction facilities by conducting the demonstration project operation. METHODS : In order to analyze removal efficiency of non-point pollutants for facilities such as a grassed swale, a small constructed wetland, a free water surface wetland, a horizontal sub-surface flow wetland, and a sand filtration, the field data including specifications of facilities, rainfall, inflow and runoff rainfall effluent etc. was acquired after occurring rainfall events, and the acquired data was analyzed for removal efficiency rate to assess road non-point pollutants facilities using event mean concentration (EMC) and summation of load (SOL) methods. RESULTS : The results of analyzing rainfall effluent, non-point pollutant sources showed that total suspended solid (TSS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), chrome (Cr), zinc (Zn), and lead (Pb) can be removed through non-point pollutant reduction facilities by 60.3% ~ 100%. Especially removal efficiency of TSS, COD and BOD is relatively higher than removal efficiency of other non-point pollutant sources in all kind of non-point pollutant facilities. CONCLUSIONS : Based on the result of this study, even though natural type of non-point pollutant reduction facilities for roads occupy small areas comparing with drainage basin areas, most of non-point pollutant sources would be removed through the facilities.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.149-155
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• 2000

The effects of the WfP construction are analysed quantitatively based on the pollutant budget change in Masan Bay. The reduction effects of the watershed pollutant loads are clearly shown, while the positive influence of the water quality (WQ) are not substantial because the pollutant load also increased continusly after WTP construction. The reduction effects of the COD, 55, TN and TP parameters are 17.6%, 68.9%,66.7%, and 38%, respectively in Masan Bay (zone I). The environmental condition of the northern part of Chinhae Bay (zone ll), however, is slowly degraded because of the direct and indirect effects - effluents discharge from the WTP and pollutants release from the sediment, respectively.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.162-171
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• 2014

In this study, the uncertainty analysis of present land pollutant load estimation with simplified land category in TMDLs was performed and the enhanced method for land pollutant load estimation with level II land cover consisting of 23 categories was suggested, which was verified by L-THIA model. For land TP load estimation in Jinwi stream basin, the result of comparison between existing method with simplified land category (Scenario 1) and enhanced method with level II land cover (Scenario 2) showed high uncertainty in existing method. TP loads estimated by Scenario 2 for land covers included in the site land category were in the range of 3.45 to 56.69 kg/day, in which TP loads differed by sixteen times as much among them. For application of scenario 2 to TMDLs, Land TP loads were estimated by matching level II land cover to 28 land categories in serial cadastral map (Scenario 3). In order to verify accuracy of TP load estimation by scenario 3, the simulation result of L-THIA was compared with that and the difference between the two was as little as 10%. The result of this study is expected to be used as primary data for accurate estimation of land pollutant load in TMDLs.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.418-428
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to predict the spatio-temporal changes in land uses and to evaluate land-based pollutant loads in the future under Total Water Pollution Load Management System using CLUE-S model. For these ends, sensitive parameters of conversion elasticities in CLUE-S model were calibrated and these calibrated parameters of conversion elasticities, level II land cover map of year 2009, and 7 driving factors of land use changes were used in predicting future land uses in 2002 with two scenarios(Scenario 1: non area restriction, Scenario 2: area restriction). This projected land use map of 2020 was used to estimate land-based pollutant loads. It was expected that urban areas will increase in 2020 from both scenarios 1 and 2. In Scenario 1, urban areas are expected to increase within greenbelt areas and deforest would be expected. Under Scenario 2, these phenomena were not expected. Also the results of estimation of BOD and TP pollutant loads, the BOD difference between scenarios 1 and 2 was 719 kg/day in urban areas and TP difference was 17.60 kg/day in urban areas. As shown in this study, it was found that the CLUE-S model can be useful in future pollutant load estimations because of its capability of projecting future land uses considering various socio-economic driving factors and area-restriction factors, compared with conventionally used land use prediction model.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.215-223
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• 2010

This study attempted to develop and suggest a more appropriate method for the determination of event mean concentration (EMC) and pollutant removal efficiency of a stormwater best management practice (BMP) considering rainfall. The stormwater runoff and hydrologic data gathered from 22 storm events during a 28-month monitoring period on a swirl and filtration type of BMP were used to evaluate the developed methods. Based on the findings, the modified EMC method resulted in lower (average) values than the overall EMC, although the differences were not significant (P>0.05). By comparison, the developed 'Rainfall Occurrence Ratio' (ROR) method was most significantly correlated (r=0.967 to 988, P<0.009) with the other existing removal efficiency determination methods such as the 'Efficiency Ratio' (ER), 'Summation of Loads' (SOL) and 'Regression of Loads' (ROL) methods. In addition, the ROR method gave the highest efficiency values, with no significant differences with any of the pollutant parameters, unlike the other three methods. These results were obtained because the ROR method integrated both pollutant loading and rainfall, which are not considered by the other three methods. Therefore, this study proved the suitability of the modified EMC and ROR methods for application in other BMP monitoring studies.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.168-176
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• 2010

This study proposes the improvement of the present Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) management system of MOE (Ministry of Environment). The margin of safety (MOS) is calculated by a method using standard error and a method using variability and uncertainty. The allocation of pollutant loads are calculated using three methods, equal load reduction method, equal percent removal method and method using equity standards. This study applied the improved TMDL management system to the Anyangcheon watershed. Since MOS varies from 12% to 44% due to the high variability of measured and simulated data, it must not be ignored in the TMDL. The method using equity standards is the most proper in this application since the others produced unrealistic allocations. Area, runoff, water use quantity, population and budget are considered for equity standards. This study shows that this allocation method can be also applicable for the administrative units as well as the sub-watersheds. Finally, Hydrologic Simulation Program-FORTRAN (HSPF) with the allocated pollutant load was used to confirm whether it satisfy the water quality standard or not. This study will be helpful to improve the MOS and allocation system TMDL in the future.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.281-291
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• 2009

In Total Water Pollutant Load Management System of Korea, unit load approach based on land register data is currently used for the estimation of non-point pollutant load. However, a problem raised that land register data could not always reflect the actual land surface coverages which determine runoff characteristics of non-point pollution sources. As a way to overcome this, we tried to establish quantitative relationships between the aerial images (0.4m resolution) which reflect actual land surface coverages and the land registration maps according to the 19 major designated land-use categories in Kyeongan watershed. Analyses showed different relationships according to the land-use categories. Only a few land-use categories including forestry, road and river showed essentially identical and some categories such as orchard, parking lot and sport utility site showed no relationships at all between image data and land register data. Except for the two cases, all the other categories showed statistically significant linear relationships between image data and land register data. The analyses indicate that using high resolution aerial maps is a better way to estimate non-point pollutant load. If the aerial maps are not available, application of the linear relationships as conversion factors of land register data to image data could be an possible option to estimate non-point pollutant loads for the specific land-use categories in Kyeongan watershed.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.35-44
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• 1998

An integrated system of GIS and water quality model was suggested including the pollutant loads from the watershed. The developed system consists of two parts. First part is the GIS module. The geographic information system of the study area was built to provide the information on landuse and several surface factors concerning the overland flow processes of water and pollutants. Second part is the modeling modules which include storm event pollutant load model(SEPLM)., non-storm event pollutant load model(NSPLM), and river water quality simulation model(RWQSM). Models can calculate the pollutant load from the study area. The databases and models are linked through the interface modules resided in the overall system, which incorporate the graphical display modules and the operating scheme for the optimal use of the system. The developed system was applied to the Chungju multi-purpose reservoir to estimate the pollutant load during the four selected rainfall events between 1991 and 1993,. based upon monthly basis and seasonal basis in drought flow, low flow, normal flow and wet flow.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.509-512
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• 2001

In this study, pollutant load from paddy field was estimated by regression equation from 5 to 8 in 2001. During study period, total rainfall was 511.3mm and runoff discharge was 968.71mm. Regression equation between flow rate(m3/s) and pollutant loading rate(g/s) is exponential relationship. For site 1, coefficient of determination (R2) for $COD_{cr}$, T-P, T-N were 0.7068, 0.8441, 0.6806 respectively and site 2, 0.9369, 0.8855, 0.4262 respectively. Considering unit loads, Jun was the highest valus as 13.85 $COD_{c}kg/km2/day$, 0.24 T-Pkg/km2/day, 1.22 T-Nkg/km2/day. Until study period, total $COD_{cr}$ load estimated regression equation is 19.32kg/km2/day and, T-P, T-N were 0.264, 1.88 respectively

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.607-610
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• 2003

The object of this study is to analyze the characteristics of pollutant loadings on rainy day compared with normal day in the Mangyeong catchment area of Saemangeum tidal reclaimed area. On rainy day, the concentrations of BOD, COD, T-N and T-P are smaller than those on normal day, in spite of the pollutant loading themselves are increased significantly on rainy day due to non point source pollution, such as CSOs(combined sewage overflows), runoff from agricultural land use and so on.