• 중국학논총
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• 제68호
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• pp.141-161
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• 2020

This paper aims to analyze China's political education, which plays a role of vehicle in the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) promoting its ideological strategy, in order to figure out the utility of the CCP's ideological strategy. After Reform and Opening Up, the CCP rebuilt and reinforced political education in China according to its ideological strategy. Especially after the Tiananmen incident in 1989, the CCP made nationalism and patriotism as the core part of political education, and expanded its curriculum. Such reinforcement of political education has a advantage in maintaining the CCP's governance by creating a nationalist consensus against the western ideas. Although it can be helpful for the stability of domestic politics, it also has negative possibilities which isolate China in the global community and obstruct China's development.

• Journal of East Asia Management
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.1-19
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• 2022

This study suggests an integrated theoretical framework for the relationship between political risk and multinational corporation (MNC) subsidiary's performance in the emerging market. The political risk would have a negative impact on MNC subsidiary's performance in the emerging countries that are developing in Asia, the Commonwealth of Independent States, Africa, and South America. The major reason is that political risks could generate a loss of benefit or a loss of control for MNC's subsidiary. In this study, I suggest that corporate social responsibility (CSR) strategy would be a solution to overcome various political risks. Specifically, the affiliated firms with diversified industries or greater financial resources could mitigate the negative impact of political risk than unaffiliated firms. Because they can use their tangible or nontangible asset such as information, technology, and construction in order to gain legitimacy and trust from local government, local community, and local firms in the emerging market. Finally, I claimed the costs of the affiliated firms would exceed the benefits at the initial stages, while the benefits of affiliated firms would exceed the costs over time when political risks become higher. The reason is that the trust gained from local stakeholders accumulates over time and the impact of CSR strategy would become an important solution to overcome the risks in and unstable context.

• 디자인학연구
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• 18호
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• pp.37-48
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• 1996

For succesful political advertisements the role of mutual communications between advertisers and their targets (i.e. voters) should be magnified, which must be based on the understanding of voter's life-style including the trends of daily life, their philosophy and attitude toward the contemporary matters. During the campaign period for the last parliamentry election the most important issue was nothing but who could be the best representer of their region without any political considerations compared to previous election and the decision made by voters has been evaluated as one of most brilliant ones so far. One thing to note from the last election is that many new faces have been high lighted and that could not have been possible if they could not differentiate their campaign from one of unchanged senior politicians by calling more attentions of voters to them by scrutinizing competitors' election pledges. The differentiation strategy in election campaigns is basically detecting small signs of changes in voters life\ulcornerstyle, bringing them into relief and provoking voters attentions to the election and advertiser. In this sense niche marketing strategy is the differentiating strategy itself and it can be a useful guide in political advertisement for the triumph of advertiser in elections as well as for heathy and fresh political environments on the basis increased attentions of voters. In this paper, aiming at further development of the niche marketing in political advertisements we propose questions whether the niche marketing in the last parliamentary election was introduced on the basis of concept of differentation by analysing last election's strategies targeted at voters specific dispositions.

• Strategy21
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• 통권40호
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• pp.144-161
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• 2016

A unanimous Award has been issued on 12 July 2016 by the Arbitral Tribunal constituted under Annex VII to the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea in the arbitration instituted by the Republic of the Philippines against the People's Republic of China. The current security issues in the regional sea shall be carefully reflected to anticipate whether the Award could resolve the existing political conflict or rather will grow military tension in the region. The Award clearly directs the scope of delimiting maritime jurisdiction to coastal States in the Southern China sea, so it seems to help facilitating finding resolutions of regional disputes on maritime boundaries. On the other hand, there are several limitations in reality to implementation of the decisions included in the Award. USA could use the decisions to restrict military activities and exercise of unilateral maritime jurisdiction by China in the region, while China shall encounter guilt to illegitimacy of its activities as well as shaking the legal foundation of its policy in the region. Then the resolution of this dispute through application of international law would rather cause more political confusion. The intension of bringing the case to an international court were to resolve political difficulties. If, however, the political difficulties are not properly reflected in the legal decisions, such decision would possibly raise more political risks.

• Journal of Contemporary Eastern Asia
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.9-25
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• 2006

• Journal of Contemporary Eastern Asia
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.5-13
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• 2005

• 복식
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• 제66권7호
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• pp.154-170
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• 2016

The female leadership styles in the 21st century have been established as a major axis. Especially, the fashion of female politicians being exposed to the public during political activities has become a main element of a measure displaying visually female leadership styles in the 21st century and image making as well. Consequently, this study conducted qualitative research through the interview method to figure out regular voters' thoughts in depth about images being required for female political leaders and the fashion maximizing those images, and drew the detailed design elements. Suggesting the clothes design reflecting those elements for female political leaders by 3D virtual clothing works emerging as a new market creating profits related to fashion. The images which female political leaders have to have and were extracted through the interviews in this study, showed as feminine, strong leader, honest, and intelligent images, and also it was shown that female political leaders displaying proper images depending on the circumstances and using those images in politics rather than sticking to a fashion identity were favored by interviewees. The present study intends to contribute to being used as basic data of various research and fashion items of virtual reality and establishment of successful fashion strategy for female political leaders.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제11권8호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2013

정치캠페인에서 유권자들의 표심(share of mind)을 읽는 중요성이 증가함에도 불구하고 인게이지먼트(engagement)를 정치캠페인 관점에서 분석한 연구가 없다. 따라서 본 연구의 목적은 인게이지먼트적 관점에서 정치캠페인의 후보자 몰입(immersion)에 대한 질적지표인 정치인게이지먼트 지수(Political Engagement Index : PEI)산출을 통해 정치광고홍보 전략을 위한 과학적 자료를 제공하고자 한다. 이를 위해 2012년 12월 19일 제 18대 대통령선거에 출마했던 A, B 두 후보자를 대상으로 삼았다. 설문지 응답 대상은 이번 대선에서 이외로 투표 참여율 낮은 젊은 층에게 설문하였다. 본 연구는 광고, 홍보, 정치여론과 시청률 등의 정량적 평가를 뛰어 넘어 질적 내용분석이 갖는 제한점을 보완하고자 하는 정성적 평가이다. 평가속성은 8개 유목에 PEI는 0~100점 사이에 분포하도록 설계하여 PEI 가 50 이상이면 보통 이상의 몰입, 50 이하면 보통 이하의 몰입도 의미하도록 했다. 본 연구의 모형은 정치캠페인전략의 방법론적 연구발전에 기여하게 될 것이다. 또한 향후 각 정치캠페인의 선거전략에서 이를 마이크로 타깃팅으로 활용할 수 있을 것이다.

• Strategy21
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• 통권41호
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• pp.174-207
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• 2017

Human history shows diverse strategies for survival and prosperity. This study introduces the concept of the expansion of wealth as a key to explain choice and behavior of political entities. American scholar, -Bruce Bueno de Mesquita-, offers theoretical grounds for this concept in that the cores of selectorate theory is settled. The political entity consists of two groups, -the winning coalition that has power to replace leader and non-winning coalition that has not. Leaders implement policies serving for the welfare of winning coalition in return for their loyalty. Both internal problems caused by demographic changes and external ones of climate changes, epidemic disease, or invasion compel leader and winning coalition to adopt policies of expansion that they believe may lead to the acquisition of wealth needed to counter those problems. The process starts by occupying one spot where other entities reside and then connecting it to its own. The line between spots functions as a foothold to form a new line to other spots. By repeating this process, a space is created in which new laws and orders are instated. In the early stage of expansion, war is hardly avoidable. Once finished successfully, the political circumstance tilts to encourage economic activities in order to generate national revenues to strengthen political power of winning coalition. However, as scale of economic activities grows, so does political power of civic classes in production and trade. To gain financial support required to run the political entity, delegation of power or bestowing autonomy to non-winning coalition is inevitable. Thus, expansion is not the ultimate solution, only to prolong the political survival if succeed. Maritime power came to attractive option when overland expansion had become obstructed. It offered much greater advantages in terms of political risks and financial burdens in exploring new regions of precious commodities than overland expansion. Each political entity around world have been, for the first time in human history, connected by maritime means since 15th century. It is worthy of noting that land conditions propelled people out to sea. Political and economic situations created opportunities to exploit geographical position in pursuit of wealth. In the 21st century, we witness the operation of international winning coalition that presides over the rules of expansion. Competing for market is synonymous to the expansion in this era, the cause and aim of it has not been changed though. Energy and dollars are key factors of expansion since the end of the 2nd world war. No matter what the forms and conditions change, naval power is still the most relevant means for expansion as it retains unique characters of maneuver, flexibility, continuity, display and projection of power. The strategy for using naval power should be in line with two different approaches for expansion: Approaches to the international winning coalition by making contribution to world order, and approaches to the non-international winning coalition by enhancing military diplomatic activities. The former will serve our share of winning coalition while the latter will open chances to acquire further prosperity.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.686-704
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• 2015

As mass media has come to intervene with politics in a more proactive way during modern times, the image of a politician has evolved into a more relevant factor compared with political content. This phenomenon is known as "image politics", and such externalized images as non-verbal cues have grown in importance, along with the numbers of female politicians. Thus image strategy has been instituted as a major research theme in the field of political marketing, especially for female politicians. In accordance with this theme, this study aims to approach fashion as part of image strategy of female politicians, in order to reemphasize political fashion as a valuable resource. The methodologies employed in this study are based on both the literature and positive research. Female politicians have long utilized fashion styles that are, or are assumed to be, the most appealing to their target base of support in a predominantly male-centered sector. In this sense, appropriate choices in the usage of apparel items, colors, hair styles, accessories, and others according to each situation and respective hierarchies are of the utmost importance. When attending official ceremonies and other related meetings, the strategic superiority afforded to a scientific approach based on thorough fashion research, compared with personal taste is imperative. The significance of this study lies within the recognition of the importance of fashion image, and how to utilize fashion for image strategy in practice, through the investigative synthesis and review of major preceding research.