• 제목/요약/키워드: political scientist

검색결과 10건 처리시간 0.027초

The Dynamics of Research Output by Indonesian Scientist, Period of 1945-2021

  • Prakoso Bhairawa, Putera;Ida, Widianingsih;Sinta, Ningrum;Suryanto, Suryanto;Yan, Rianto
    • Asian Journal of Innovation and Policy
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    • 제11권3호
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    • pp.397-420
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    • 2022
  • This research was conducted by applying a bibliometric analysis to determine the dynamics of research topics from ten percent of research output (international publications) generated by Indonesian scientists from the period of 1945-2021. This study utilizes VOSviewers version 1.6.18 for analysis and visualization of bibliometric networks. The research results indicate that 50.24% of Indonesian international publications are published in the form of articles, with subjects such as: Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Medicine, and Earth and Planetary Sciences as the most dominating subject areas. Regarding the author, Tjia, MO from Bandung Institute of Technology was acknowledged as the top author in terms of the number of publications produced for two periods. The article entitled "Global, regional, and national prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adults during 1980-2013: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013" (Ng et al., 2014) became the most cited one.

A Cross-tabulation Analysis Indonesian Social Research in the COVID-19 Pandemic

  • Yusnaini;Nengyanti;Mery, Yanti;Anang Dwi Santoso
    • Asian Journal of Innovation and Policy
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    • 제12권1호
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    • pp.131-154
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    • 2023
  • This study investigates the productivity of Indonesian social scientists during the COVID-19 pandemic, with a particular concentration on their contributions to COVID-19 prevention and management. By categorizing social science research according to themes such as authors' gender, authors' institution of origin, forms of collaboration, and journal quality, this study examines the patterns and factors that influence research output. Using information from the Scopus database, 1,071 journal articles were analyzed in total. The findings indicate that collaborations with foreign researchers considerably improve productivity and publication quality, with Malaysian and Australian institutions serving as the most active partners. Nevertheless, there are gender disparities, as female authors write and are cited less frequently than male authors. The study stresses the importance of increasing international collaboration among Indonesian authors and implementing affirmative action policies to support and empower female researchers. This study contributes to the existing body of knowledge by providing policymakers, funding agencies, and academic institutions with recommendations for fostering a more inclusive and influential research environment in Indonesia.

공학소양교육 모델로서의 막스 플랑크 (A Case of Max Planck as a Model of Engineering Literacy Education)

  • 남영
    • 공학교육연구
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    • 제24권6호
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    • pp.67-78
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    • 2021
  • This study is an analysis of the life of Max Planck (1858-1947), the in view of engineering literacy education. Some expressions describing Planck include "the father of German science", "the namer of Quantum". Furthermore, he is the scientist who permanently engraved his name in a scientific invariant called the Planck Constant. Planck had already made remarkable scientific achievements in his mid-ages, which became the springboard of quantum mechanics, but he went on to achieve much more in his old age. Between 1910s and 1930s, he was the director of the Kaiser-Wilhelm Gesellschaft, the Berlin Academy, and the German Physics Society, which is the German core research group. In the 1910s, he endured the terrible personal suffering of losing his three children and then succeeded in rebuilding German science in the 1920s in his golden age of 70s. His achievement was great not only as a scientist but also as a science administrator. His life was contradictory in several ways. While fundamentally being a conservative, he initiated a great scientific revolution. While making efforts to preserve traditional values, he was in the center of great many upheavals and destruction. While being the incarnation of honesty, he was also given to extremely delicate political positions. In his long career, Planck lived with all his might as a leader of the German science organizations and permanently left his name on the institute representing Germany. Planck succeeded in his work for the institutional development of science, philosophical understanding of science, and as a role model of exemplary scientist. His long life was accompanied by both achievements and failures, intangible and difficult to judge. Today, as research and development management and scientific leadership have become increasingly important, Planck's life may be a good example of engineering literacy education.

황우석과 파스퇴르 그리고 ANT (Hwang Woo-Suk, Pasteur and ANT)

  • 강윤재
    • 과학기술학연구
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    • 제7권1호
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    • pp.67-90
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    • 2007
  • STS는 황우석 사건의 이해에서 어떤 기여를 할 수 있을까? STS의 분석도구를 이용하면 황우석 사건을 다룬 전통적 사회과학에 입각한 분석들이 드러내지 못한 새로운 함의를 도출할 수 있을까? 이 글은 이런 문제의식에 기초하여 STS의 대표적 분석도구라 할 수 있는 행위자연결망이론의 일부 관점과 개념을 이용하여 황우석 사건을 분석하고 있다. 황우석 사건이 정상적 과학 활동과 거리가 먼 일탈적 현상이 아니라는 점을 성공한 대표적 과학자인 파스퇴르와의 유사성을 통해 말하고자 했고, 파스퇴르의 성공의 길과 황우석의 실패의 길을 비교분석하는 개념으로 이동, 번역, 치환을 동원했으며, 그 둘의 갈림길에는 "실험실 정치력"의 차이가 놓여 있음을 밝혔다. 파스퇴르는 실험실을 지렛대로 삼아 "이중적 이동"에 성공함으로써 자신의 세계를 구축할 수 있었던 반면, 황우석은 실험실을 상징적 존재로만 활용했을 뿐 "진정한" 정치력의 원천으로 만들지 못함으로써 이동의 원동력을 상실하고 "과학 정치꾼"으로 전락하고 말았던 것이다.

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한국 환경농업의 성공적 정착을 위한 정책적 및 기술적 접근과제 (Technical and Political Approaches for Successful Settling of the Environmental Agriculture System in Korea)

  • 손상목;정길생
    • 한국유기농업학회지
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    • 제5권2호
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    • pp.13-36
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    • 1997
  • This study aims to point out the basic strategy of agrotechnical and -political approaches toward successful settling for the environmental agriculture system in Korea. Although environmental agriculture & forestry strategy toward the 21st century and it's action program were released in 1996, some scientist from environmental agriculture and organic agriculture still argue on the errors of it's strategy and action program in terms of environmental sound functions. Especially it's strategy and action program of government did not focus the reduction of fertilizer and pesticide as the matters of weight and importance to reduction of fertilizer and pesticide as the matters of weight and importance to realize an environmental sound agriculture system. And korean organic agriculture gets a point in dispute, because 1) they do not practice of Basic Standard of IFOAM and FAO/WHO Codex draft, and 2) organic farming is defined quite differently from internationally recognized core aspects of organic agriculture. Organic farming, in Korea, is taken to mean the replacement of chemical fertilizer by organic manure and avoidance of agricultural chemicals. In the paper it is discussed the necessity, purpose, effect and consequence of basic standard for korean organic agriculture. The reformation of the certification system and t he direct payment system in environmental agriculture & forestry strategy toward the 21st century and it's action program by government, and on the need of the teaching program and curriculum in high education institution, the breeding program of resistant cultivars, the soil testing for optimum fertilization strategy, the nutrient management program, the declaration for 2020 environemntal agriculture are also discussed.

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Key air pollution problems in the early 21st century

  • Brlmblecombe, Peter
    • 한국환경과학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국환경과학회 2003년도 International Symposium on Clean Environment
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    • pp.5-10
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    • 2003
  • This paper explores not only emerging scientific problems but also the difficulties communicating air quality issues into an increasingly sensitive the public and policy arena. The public understanding and trust in air pollution information and indices may be very different to the notions of validity or accuracy that are important for a scientist. We operate in a world where openness requires us to reveal both the difficulties and disagreements in our understanding of the polluted atmosphere. Yet this can be confusing and increase complexity in situations where clear political and social decisions are required. I am going to examine these issues, starting with questions of what substances we regard as pollutants and the difficulties of getting the correct balance of concern given the broadening the base of chemicals emitted to the environment. There are also questions of exposure particularly in terms of vulnerable populations, who may spend large amounts of time indoors, where air is rarely monitored. In contemporary society there are pollution problems that extend far beyond urban areas and we have to consider regional issues such as windblown dusts, smoke from forest fires along with issues of the emission of green house gases and ozone depleting substances. Finally I will discuss the issues of communicating with a concerned public and sceptical politicians and the troubling interface between technological and sociological control. Such complexity is often missed in a maze of seemingly stronger political and social needs.

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Ideology, Politics, and Social Science Scholarship on the Responsibility of Intellectuals

  • Koerner, E.F.K.
    • 인문언어
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    • 제2권2호
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    • pp.51-84
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    • 2002
  • The 1990s have seen the publication of many books devoted to Language and Ideology (cf. Joseph & Taylor 1990. for one of the early ones) even though the term 'ideology' itself has remained ill-defined (Woolard 1998). The focus of attention has usually been placed on the particular use of language and often for some kind of 'political' ends, not on linguistic or other scholarship which might have been driven by some sort of ideology, i.e., a bundle of assumptions which themselves were taken as given. At least since Edward Said's 1978 book Orientalism, it has been clear to everyone that scholars construct their conceptualization of things in line with their understanding of the cultural, social, and political world in which they live, and that this often unreflected 'pre-understanding' effects their view of cultures that are different from theirs and more often than not geographically and temporally distant from theirs. This recognition has had a sobering effect no doubt, and Said's book has long since become 'mainstream.' Much more disturbing to the scholarly profession has been the publication of Martin Bernal's Black Athena in 1987, since it went much further, going beyond accusations of colonialism and cultural bias, in suggesting that the Western representation of Classical Greece over the past two hundred years was false and that what had been accepted until now about occidental antiquity must now be seen derived from African-Asiatic cultures of the Near East, notably that of the Ancient Egyptians, and that no other than Socrates should be seen as black man. While we may understand the intellectual climate in the United States that led academics to present 'myth as history' (Lefkowitz 1996), it is obvious that lines of regular scholarly principles of investigation have been crossed (cf Lefkowitz & Rogers 1996). The present paper investigates what may be seen as the ideological underpinnings of such work. After reviewing some recent scholarship in the area of linguistic historiography that have shown that academic work has never been 'value-neutral' (as may have been assumed or has been claimed by some practitioners), it is argued that in effect one must be aware of what Clemens Knobloch has recently termed Resonanzbedarf, i.e., the desire, whether conscious or not, of scholars-and probably scientists, too-to have their work recognized by the educated public and that, in so doing, their discourses tend to pick up on contemporary popular notions. These efforts may be harmless if everyone was to recognize these allusions and adoption of certain lexical. items(buzz words) as props or what Germans call Versatzstiicke, but history tells us that this has not always been the case. Still, as Hutton (1999) has shown, not all scholarship during the Third Reich for example can simply be dismissed as worthless because it was conducted in under a prevailing political ideology. Indeed, in seemingly innocent times, linguists can be shown to frame their argument in a way that makes them appear so utterly superior to their predecessors (cf. Lawson 2001). Upon closer inspection, those discourses turn out to be much like those of scholars in nationalistic environments that have tended to select their 'facts' to prove a particular hypothesis (cf., e.g., Koerner 2001). The article argues for scholars to take a more active role in exploding myths, scientifically unfounded claims, and ideologically driven distortions, especially those that are socially and politically harmful.

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해방 공간과 과학자 사회의 이념적 모색 (A Study of Korean Scientific Community's Groping for Scientific Ideology in the Period of Liberation, 1945-53)

  • 김동광
    • 과학기술학연구
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    • 제6권1호
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    • pp.89-118
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    • 2006
  • 우리의 과학자 사회는 식민지, 해방, 전쟁으로 이어지는 현대사의 과정을 통해 숱한 긴장과 갈등의 굴곡을 거쳤고, 특히 한국전쟁(6.25) 시기에 집중적으로 일어난 과학기술자들의 월북과 월남 사태는 우리 과학자 사회 형성에 심대한 영향을 주었다. 8.15에서 한국전쟁에 이르는 시기에 이념이 우리 과학자 사회의 형성 과정에서 어떤 역할을 했는지에 대해서는 다양한 관점에서의 해석이 요구된다. 그것은 한편으로는 지금까지 우리 과학자 사회의 발생기에서 이념적 요소가 간과되거나 지나치게 과소평가 되어온 맥락에서 기인한다. 또한 전쟁은 과학에 대한 인식이 형성되는 중요한 계기였다. 우리 민족은 평화적인 과학기술보다 신무기와 군사기술을 통해 처음으로 첨단 과학을 접하는 독특한 과학체험을 하게 되었다. 이러한 역사적 경험은 우리 민족 전체에게 이른바 집단 상흔으로 각인되어 이후 과학의 이미지 형성에 다대한 영향을 미쳤다. 이 글에서는 해방 이후 과학자 사회의 형성과정에서 전쟁이 가져온 단절 과정을 살펴보고자 한다. 분석의 초점은 지금까지 소극적인 형태로만 해석되었던 과학자 사회형성 과정에서의 이념의 문제를 보다 적극적으로 해석하면서 이념 대립을 소모적인 과정이나 혼란상으로서가 아니라 신생 한국에서 새롭게 형성되던 과학의 다양성으로 보면서 해방 이후의 역동적인 과정 속에서 새로운 과학을 수립하려는 적극적 노력으로 살피고자 한다. 이것은 해방을 통해 분출한 건국의 역동적인 과정 속에서 과학기술자들이 그 일익을 적극적으로 담당했을 뿐 아니라 식민지 시대와는 다른 과학을 수립하기 위해 노력했다는 것을 인정하고 그것을 재구성하려는 시도이다. 따라서 국립서울대안(국대안) 반대운동과 월북 등도 진보적 과학기술자들이 새로운 과학을 수립하려는 노력의 일환으로 이해된다.

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수문장의 딜레마: 도버트 기준 도입 이후 과학과 법의 관계 변화 (The Gatekeeper's Dilemma: The Changing Relationship between Science and Law after the Introduction of the Daubert Standard)

  • 김성은;박범순
    • 과학기술학연구
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    • 제15권1호
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    • pp.215-244
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    • 2015
  • 1993년 과학적 증거 심리에 대해 새로운 방식을 정립한 도버트 기준은 법정의 판결뿐만 아니라 행정기관의 규제 심의에도 광범위하게 쓰이게 되었고, 국경을 넘어 다른 나라의 법정에도 영향을 주기 시작했다. 이 논문은 도버트 기준의 도입 이후 과학과 법의 관계 사이에 일어난 변화를 알아보고, 이 기준에 대한 옹호론자와 비판론자 사이의 관점의 차이를 분석한 후, 과학기술학에서 법과 과학의 관계에 대해 더 깊게 다룰 수 있는 연구영역을 탐색하는 것을 목적으로 하고 있다. 사회적 정의를 추구하는 법의 정신과 불변의 진리를 찾아가는 과학의 속성 사이에서 합리적 판단을 해야 하는 판사의 고충, 즉 '수문장의 딜레마'룰 문제의 핵심으로 보고, 판사가 도버트 기준의 실용성과 형식적인 공정성에 매몰되지 않아야 한다고 주장한다. 이를 위해 과학기술학은 도버트 기준 확산의 역사적 맥락에 대한 연구와 함께 깊이 있는 판례 연구를 통해 입법과정과 공공정책개발과정에 적극적으로 참여할 것을 제안한다.

양계초(梁溪超) 사상(思想)을 통해서 본 한국 근대 군(軍) 체육사상(體育思想) (Korean Modern Army Physical Education through Thought Liang, qi-chao)

  • 남덕현
    • 동양고전연구
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    • 제66호
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    • pp.277-301
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    • 2017
  • 중국의 부국강병을 주장한 근대 정치학자 양계초(1873-1929)는 애국(愛國)과 자강(自强)을 외쳤던 구한말 지식인의 큰 축이었다. 서구 열강의 힘에 무너진 중국 재건을 갈망하던 그의 애국사상은 한국의 근대 국가 건설의지에 지대한 영향을 주었다. 양계초의 사상의 중심에는 군사력과 체육이 있었다. 그는 강한 체력을 기반으로 한 군사력을 강조하였다. 양계초의 사상을 바탕으로 구한말 지식인들은 한민족이 체육을 통해 건강하게 거듭나야 한다고 믿었다. 초기 우리나라의 체육 도입은 군 체육과 일체성을 보였다. 1895년 처음 서구 체육의 개념이 도입되면서 1896년 군 체육인 체조가 학교교육에 처음으로 도입된 사례는 초기 체육이 군 체육이었다는 사실을 증명해 주고 있다. 더욱이 지속적으로 민족학자들은 양계초 상무정신이 바탕이 된 체육으로 강한 민족 양성에 힘을 쏟았고 그 중심에 군 체육인 체조를 강조하였다.